• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1269-1274
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• 2014

Breast tubular adenomas are rare benign breast tumors and detailed descriptions of their sonographic appearance are necessary for differential diagnosis from fibroadenomas or breast cancers. This study investigated twenty-one histology-proved tubular adenomas in 17 patients and also included 48 fibroadenomas in 35 patients as a control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups with clinical presentation, which was age, tumor location, tumor number (p>0.05). Statistic analysis showed three significant factors in the differential diagnosis of tubular adenomas and fibroadenomas, including macro-lobulation (p=0.01), "tiny branch like" patterns (p=0.001) and vascularity (p=0.02). Other ultrasonographic features such as echogenicity, border, uniformity of echotexture, posterior acoustic enhancement, lateral wall shadowing were of no clinical significance (p>0.05). Calcifications were seen in three tubular adenomas which were different from those of carcinomas. Although tubular adenomas have some typical characteristics on sonography, surgery and core needle biopsy are still needed for complex cases to exclude progress to malignancy.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1998

Primary breast lesions diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology, confirmed by histologic examination were analyzed by morphometry to evaluate the difference between benign and malignant lesions, and the methods obtaining the sample. four size factors and 5 form factors were evaluated in 22 fibroadenomas and 20 carcinomas by image analyzer(Zeiss Ibas 2000) using the H-E stained slides. Nuclear size was significantly larger in the carcinoma cells than fibroadenoma cells both in the cytology and biopsy specimens, but the form factors were not significantly different. Both fibroadencma and carcinoma cells were significantly larger in cytologic smear than histologic section. The cells in the cytology were more regular and round than those in histology, but not statistically significant. Fibroadenomas having cellular proliferation and atypism exhibited larger size and more irregular nuclei than non-proliferative fibroadenoma, but not statistically significant. Therefore nuclear morphometric analysis can be a helpful method to diagnose the questionable breast lesions and is a method appropriate for use as a quality control procedure in the fine needle aspiration cytology.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1996

Phyllodes tumor(PT) is a rare distinctive fibroepithelial breast tumor that occasionally shows unpredictable clinical behavior. Wide excision should be the primary treatment of PT and enucleation, the standard procedure for fibroadenoma(FA), is proscribed due to high frequency of local recurrence. Therefore an accurate preoperative diagnosis of PT is essential in order to ensure proper surgical treatment. However, the differentiation between benign PT and FA is often difficult on the basis of cytologic findings. In an attempt to better understand the cytologic features of benign PT and possibly to differentiate PT from FA on the findings of fine needle aspiration(FNA) smears, we reviewed cytologic smears from 22 histologically diagnosed cases each of benign PT and FA, respectively. The cytologic features assessed were cellularity and atypia of both epithelial and stromal components, and shape of epithelial cell clusters. Atypia of stromal cells was more frequent in PT, while blunt branching pattern of epithelial cells was more frequent in FA. The specific cytologic diagnosis of PT is not possible in many cases, but the abundance of stromal cells with moderate nuclear atypia in the correct clinical setting such as older age and larger size(>4cm) allows the diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 1999

Among total 108 cases of biopsy-proven fibroadenomas of the breast which obtained from the files of the Asan Medical Center during one year period from October 1998 to September 1999, 23 cases cytologically diagnosed as high risk group were reviewed to retrieve the mis-loading factors. Initial cytologic diagnoses of 23 cases were proliferative breast lesion with atypia(high risk) on 21 cases(91.3%) and papillary neoplasm in 2 cases(8.7%). When we reanalysed 23 cases by Masood scoring system, they were classified as one non-proliferative breast lesion(4.3%), 16 proliferative breast lesions without atypia (69.6%), and 6 proilferative breast lesions with atypia(25.1%). None were subject to the category of carcinoma. Cytologic features loading to the overdiagnosis of high grade epithelial lesions were as follows; cellular dissociation without nuclear atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, and occasional macronucleoli without nuclear enlargement, lack of myxoid stroma, and few naked stromal cells. To avoid cytologic overdiagnosis of fibroadenoma, mild to moderate nuclear pieomorphism without nuclear enlargement and cellular dissociation without nuclear atypia should not be regarded as criteria of high risk group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.39-40
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• 2003

Ochratoxin A (OA), a potent nephrotoxin in several species, is knownto be a renal carcinogen in animals and is implicated in the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The NTP (National Toxicology Program) classified Ochratoxin A as having clear evidence of carcinogenic activity, based on uncommon tubular adenomas and tubular cell carcinomas of the kidney and multiple fibroadenomas of the mammary gland, seen in the rat.(omitted)

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2022

Breast ultrasonic reading is critical as a primary screening test for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, breast ultrasound examinations show significant differences in diagnosis based on the difference in image quality according to the ultrasonic equipment, experience, and proficiency of the examiner. Accordingly, studies are being actively conducted to analyze the texture characteristics of normal breast tissue, positive tumors, and malignant tumors using breast ultrasonography and to use them for computer-assisted diagnosis. In this study, breast ultrasonography was conducted to select 247 ultrasound images of 71 normal breast tissues, 87 fibroadenomas among benign tumors, and 89 malignant tumors. The selected images were calculated using a statistical method with 21 feature parameters extracted using the gray level co-occurrence matrix algorithm, and classified as normal breast tissue, benign tumor, and malignancy. In addition, we proposed five feature parameters that are available for computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer classification. The average classification rate for normal breast tissue, benign tumors, and malignant tumors, using this feature parameter, was 82.8%.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

Cathepsin D is a protease which is known to facilitate invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma. Overexpression of cathepsin D is associated with poor clinical outcome and biologic aggressiveness of the breast cancer. We underwent immunocytochemical assay(ICA) for cathepsin D in fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) specimens from the breast carcinoma and benign breast diseases. In FNAC specimens cathepsin D was expressed in 21(42.9%) out of 49 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, whereas negative result was observed in all 15 cases of benign breast diseases including 7 fibroadenomas, 6 fibrocystic diseases, and 2 benign ductal hyperplasias. Among the 11 FNAC specimens from ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), cathepsin D was expressed in 3 cases(27.3%). In FNAC specimens immunocytochemistry for cathepsin D showed positive result in 24 out of 60 carcinomas(sensitivity, 40%) and negative result in 15 out of all 15 benign breast diseases(specificity, 100%). No significant correlation was noted between cathepsin D expression in FNAC specimen and clinicohistological characteristics of the breast carcinoma, such as hormone receptors and cell differentiation. In conclusion, ICA of cathepsin D in FNAC specimens thought to be a good adjunct to differentiate malignancy from benign breast diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4741-4745
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• 2016

Background and Objective: Any role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of breast cancer is conjectural. The aim of this study was to investigate possible links between HPV and breast cancer in women, Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, 70 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded blocks of breast malignant tumors as a case group and 70 blocks of lesions without malignancy were selected as controls. Sections about $10{\mu}m$ thick were prepared. After removing the paraffin, DNA was extracted. Samples were tested by PCR using general and high-risk specific HPV primers. Results: All 70 malignant breast tumors (cases) were invasive ductal carcinomas, and of the 70 controls, 17 (24.3%) were fibrocystic tumors and 53 (75.7%) fibroadenomas. The age range of women in the case group was 25-72 years old and in the control group It was13-66 years. Using HPV general primers two samples were positive in the case group, confirmed to be HPV-18 using high-risk specific primers. Conclusion: No statistically significant association was found between breast cancer and HPV. It is necessary to confirm this result by further investigations in other populations.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.191-194
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• 2015

Purpose: To estimate the incidence of breast cancer in Yemeni female patients presenting with a breast mass. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out with 595 female patients with palpable breast lumps, attending to Alkuwait university hospital, Sana'a, Yemen. Triple assessment, including breast examination, mammography and biopsy (FNAC, core needle, or excision), for all patients were performed. Results: The incidences of benign and malignant lesions was calculated. Some 160 (26.9%) of 595 patients had malignancies; 213 (35.8%) were fibroadenomas; 12 (2.0%) were fibrocystic change; 143 (24.03%) were inflammatory lesions (including mastitis and ductectasia); 62 (10.4%) were simple cysts, while 5 (0.8%) were phyllodes tumors. The mean age of patients with malignant lumps was 44.3 years. Conclusions: Among Yemeni female patients with palpable breast lumps, the rate of breast cancer is high, with occurrence at an earlier age than in Western countries. Improving breast cancer awareness programs and increasing breast cancer screening centers inb different areas of Yemen are needed to establish early diagnosis and offer early and optimal treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8619-8623
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is a common disorder in women, constituting one of the main causes of death all over the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the breast tissue diseases by the help of thermography. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we applied non-contact infrared camera, INFREC R500 for evaluating the capabilities of thermography. The study was conducted on 60 patients suspected of breast disease, who were referred to Imam Khomeini Imaging Center. Information obtained from the questionnaires and clinical examinations along with the obtained diagnostic results from ultrasound images, biopsies and thermography, were analyzed. The results indicated that the use of thermography as well as the asymmetry technique is useful in identifying hypoechoic as well as cystic masses. It should be noted that the patient should not suffer from breast discharge. Results: The accuracy of asymmetry technique identification is respectively 91/89% and 92/30%. Also the accuracy of the exact location of identification is on the 61/53% and 75%. The approach also proved effective in identifying heterogeneous lesions, fibroadenomas, and intraductal masses, but not ISO-echoes and calcified masses. Conclusions: According to the results of the investigation, thermography may be useful in the initial screening and supplementation of diagnostic procedures due to its safety (its non-radiation properties), low cost and the good recognition of breast tissue disease.