• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.352-359
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• 2016

White bread added with brown rice fiber was prepared by addition of 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020% hemicellulase. Effects on product quality and sensory evaluation were examined. There were no significant differences in pH of dough before the 1st fermentation among the experiments. Dough made by addition of hemicellulase had a significantly higher pH after the 1st fermentation compared to the control group, whereas pH of bread had reverse effects. Fermentation power of dough expansion increased as incubation time increased. Addition of hemicellulase to samples significantly increased specific volume, baking loss, and water activity compared to the control sample. Moisture content was the lowest upon addition of 0.020% hemicellulase. For color, lightness was the highest in the control bread samples, greenness of the 0.015% addition sample was the lowest and yellowness of the 0.005% addition sample was the highest. For textural characteristics, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were maximum in the control group. Cohesiveness and springiness were not significantly different between the samples. In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor, bran flavor, bitterness, astringency, and coarseness were not significantly different among the samples. Softness and overall acceptability were highest at the 0.020% addition level but lowest at the 0.010% level. The results indicate that addition of 0.020% hemicellulase to brown rice fiber white bread is optimal for quality and provides products with reasonably high overall acceptability.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 1986

These studies are carried out to improve silk availability for anticrease by useing methacrylate monomer polymerization method with in silk fiber. For this purpose, degree of anticrease, stiffness and shrinkage of various silk fabrics, included finish or not, after repeat of washings and polyster fabric was compared as standard. The adopted samples are ; 1. Polyester, Georgette, Woven density…90cm-85g/m 2. Silk, Twill, Degumed, Light, Woven density…90cm-90g/m 3. Silk, Twill, Degumed, Heavy, Woven density…90cm-200g/m 4. Silk, Stain, Degumed, Light, Woven density…90cm-90g/m The reached results are as followings. 1. The results of improving on anticrease by the finished method were about ten per cent increase against their original samples. 2. The light density silks showed satisfactory improve for anticrease, but the heavy one remained as rather poor condition. 3. The results for degree of textile stiffness were investigated to make sure reserve their textile feeling and observed to be good condition upon the finish work. 4. Textile shrinkage after the repeat of soap wash was investigated on indivisual test sample and silk fabrics showed more shrinkage than polyester which it seemed to be tentering shrinkage druning their general finishing processes. 5. The investigation showed that anticrease, stiffness and shrinkage of the sample textile were more or less deteriorated regardless silk or polyester by the repeat of washings. These matters are considered that such results were obtained because of the fiber fatigue nature. 6. The report reached that silk textiles should be used by dry cleaning methed after finish of any resin finish to reserve their improved anticrease nature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1078-1083
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• 1996

During the pearling process of hull-less barley, protein, lipid, ash and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) contents decreased, while soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and ${\beta}-glucan$ contents slightly increased. Depending on milling methods and types of grinding mills used, there were differences in particle size distribution of barley flour. Flour particle size was smaller in the following order of Fitz mill, Ball mill, Pin mill, Cyclotec sample mill and Jet mill. Color (brightness) was closely related to the particle size of barley flour. Damaged starch (%) in pearled barley flour was the highest in Jet mill among different mills. Flours prepared with Cyclone mill and Pin mill had a reasonable amount of damaged starch. Flour produced by Fitz mill showed the lowest amount of damaged starch. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the flour samples demonstrated different sizes and shapes of particles consisting of starch granules and cell wall materials. Damaged starch tended to increase water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), and water retention capacity (WRC). Pasting viscosity determined by amylograph was relatively high in Pin-milled and Cyclone-milled flours. Viscosity was the lowest in coarsely ground flour by Fits mill.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

Fluorination was carried out to improve the adsorption performance of pitch-based activated carbon fibers (ACFs) onto acetic acid. Both plasma and direct gas fluorination were used for fluorination, and the acetic acid gas adsorption performance of fluorinated ACFs was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is analyzed to determine the surface characteristics of ACFs, and the pore characteristics were analyzed by 77 K nitrogen adsorption. An adsorption performance was measured through gas chromatography, and it was confirmed that the breakthrough time of plasma fluorinated sample was 790 min and that the breakthrough time was delayed compared to that of using untreated one of 650 min. However, the breakthrough time of direct gas fluorinated sample was 390 min, indicating that the adsorption performance was inhibited. The plasma fluorinated ACFs showed an increase in the adsorption performance due to an electrostatic attraction between the acetic acid gas (CH3COOH) with the fluorine group introduced to the surface without changing its specific surface area. On the other hand, the specific surface area of the direct gas fluorinated ACFs decreased significantly up to 55%, and the physical adsorption effect on the acetic acid gas also reduced.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 2006

Trimethylamine (TMA) is one of the difficult odorous compounds for the collection and analysis. Although sulfuric acid absorption and/or sulfuric acid impregnated filter method are commonly recommended for its sampling, these methods also suffer from difficulties involved in sample treatment and operational procedures. Hence, as an ancillary approach to measure TMA, we investigated the combination of bag sampling and SPME analysis for TMA measurements. For the purpose of our study, we investigated the following three subjects: 1) temporal variability of standard storage, 2) bag loss effect of TMS, and 3) TMA loss due to repetitive analysis of an identical bag sample. According to our storage test up to 7 or 20 dyas, TMA loss were found to occur up to 40 to 50% within relatively short period of up to 48 hrs depending on its concentration ranges. When the tests were made for bag loss by transferring TMA standards across different size bags, we were able to find that the extent of bag loss are not significant with 5 to 20% loss rate. Finally, the TMA sorptive loss via its exposure to SPME fiber was generally estimated to run from 2 to 3%.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.805-811
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• 2012

This study was carried out in order to optimize the manufacturing condition of fried garlic flakes as well as to investigate the physicochemical properties of the flakes. Fried garlic flake samples were prepared as follows: garlic was sliced by a thickness of 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, which were measured by a thickness gage. The samples were fried in vegetable oil under different temperatures of $140{\sim}150^{\circ}C$, $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ and $180{\sim}185^{\circ}C$. The compression strength depending on the height (h) was measured in order to find the thickness effect by the rheometer (force control: 50 N, h: 3.25 mm). Moreover, the sample with 1.5 mm thickness showed crisp phenomena of the split compared with the crush shape of the 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm thick samples. The result of strength for time dependence showed a sample with a thickness of 1.5 mm, which was measured 5~9 times more than the 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm thick samples. We thought the reason that the 1.5 mm sample had less response power equivalent to compression force than the other samples. Alliin has been found to affect the immune responses in the blood, it is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine and is also quite heat stable. The LC system with a UV detection at 210 nm consists of a separation on a Zorbax TMS column and isocratic elution with water and ACN as a mobile phase. The alliin contents of raw and fried garlic flake under $140{\sim}150^{\circ}C$, $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ and $180{\sim}185^{\circ}C$ were 18.10 mg/mL, 14.0 mg/mL, 11.6 mg/mL and 11.1 mg/mL, respectively. The decrement of alliin content under different temperature was a small quantity hence, we confirmed that the increasing manufacturing temperature was not affected by the alliin content. Examining for the particle structure of fried garlic flakes by a polarization microscope, the color of the sample treated at $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$ was pure yellow. Furder, the fiber shaped particle, which has an effect on the tough texture, almost did not appear compared to the different temperature conditions. Finally, the sensory test for the preference of fried garlic flake under different conditions was carried out and the scores for various sensory characteristics were surveyed. According to the physicochemical measurements and sensory evaluation, we confirmed that the optimum manufacturing condition of fried garlic flake was 1.5 mm thick at a temperature of $160{\sim}170^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.484-491
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• 2014

Objectives: An image processing program for asbestos fibers analyzing the gradient components and partial linearity was developed in order to accurately segment fibers. The objectives were to increase the accuracy of counting through the formulation of the size and shape of fibers and to guarantee robust fiber detection in noisy backgrounds. Methods: We utilized samples mixed with sand and sepiolite, which has a similar structure to asbestos. Sample concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%(w/w) were prepared. The sand used was homogenized after being sieved to less than $180{\mu}m$. Airborne samples were collected on MCE filters by utilizing a personal pump with 2 L/min flow rate for 30 minutes. We used the NIOSH 7400 method for pre-treating and counting the fibers on the filters. The results of the NIOSH 7400 method were compared with those of the image processing program. Results: The performance of the developed algorithm, when compared with the target images acquired by PCM, showed that the detection rate was on average 88.67%. The main causes of non-detection were missing fibers with a low degree of contrast and overlapping of faint and thin fibers. Also, some duplicate countings occurred for fibers with breaks in the middle due to overlapping particles. Conclusions: An image detection algorithm that could increase the accuracy of fiber counting was developed by considering the direction of the edge to extract images of fibers. It showed comparable results to PCM analysis and could be used to count fibers through real-time tracking by modeling a branch point to graph. This algorithm can be utilized to measure the concentrations of asbestos in real-time if a suitable optical design is developed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.369-381
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to compare the wood anatomical characteristics of local tree species in Moluccas, Indonesia i.e., Moluccan ironwood (Intsia bijuga), linggua (Pterocarpus indicus), red meranti (Shorea parvifolia), and gofasa (Vitex cofassus). Qualitative evaluation was conducted by observing the anatomical structure in cross, radial, and tangential sections of each sample. For the quantitative evaluation, the dimensions of vessels, rays, and fibers were measured. Qualitative evaluation showed that crystals were observed in Moluccan ironwood, linggua, and gofasa, while resin canals were only observed in red meranti. Tyloses were frequently observed in gofasa but infrequently observed in linggua and red meranti. Quantitative evaluation showed that Moluccan ironwood with the higher density had thicker fiber wall, higher quantity of ray number, and wider rays than the other species. Red meranti had higher values of ray height and fiber length than the other three species. The results also revealed that linggua showed the highest values of relative crystallinity and crystallite width. Red meranti and gofasa showed similar values of relative crystallinity and crystallite width, while Moluccan ironwood showed the lowest values. The basic qualitative and quantitative anatomical characteristics discussed could provide useful information for further utilizations of such wood species.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.318-321
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• 2017

This commentary presents the regulatory backgrounds and development of the national proficiency testing (PT) scheme on asbestos analysis in the Republic of Korea. Since 2009, under the amended Occupational Safety and Health Act, the survey of asbestos in buildings and clearance test of asbestos removal works have been mandated to be carried out by the laboratories designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL) in the Republic of Korea. To assess the performance of asbestos laboratories, a PT scheme on asbestos analysis was launched by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) on behalf of the MOEL in 2007. Participating laboratories are evaluated once a year for fiber counting and bulk asbestos analysis by phase contrast microscopy and polarized light microscopy, respectively. Currently, the number of laboratory enrollments is > 200, and the percentage of passed laboratories is > 90. The current status and several significant changes in operation, sample preparations, and statistics of assigning the reference values of the KOSHA PT scheme on asbestos analysis are presented. Critical retrospect based on the experiences of operating the KOSHA PT scheme suggests considerations for developing a new national PT scheme for asbestos analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.188-199
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• 2015

Nineteen tanniferous browse plants were collected from South Africa to investigate their digestibility, gas production (GP) characteristics and methane production. Fresh samples were collected, dried in forced oven, and ground and analyzed for nutrient composition. In vitro GP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure GP by incubating the sample in a shaking incubator at $39^{\circ}C$. There was significant (p<0.05) variation in chemical composition of studied browses. Crude protein (CP) content of the species ranged from 86.9 to 305.0 g/kg dry matter (DM). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 292.8 to 517.5 g/kg DM while acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged from 273.3 to 495.1 g/kg DM. The ash, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrate, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and CP were negatively correlated with methane production. Methane production was positively correlated with NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. Tannin decreased GP, IVOMD, total volatile fatty acid and methane production. The observed low methanogenic potential and substantial ammonia generation of some of the browses might be potentially useful as rumen manipulating agents. However, a systematic evaluation is needed to determine optimum levels of supplementation in a mixed diet in order to attain a maximal depressing effect on enteric $CH_4$ production with a minimal detrimental effect on rumen fermentation of poor quality roughage based diet.