• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권6호
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• pp.599-608
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• 2023

The present study is focused on instigation of the nonlinear mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete beams considering different types of FRP bars through nonlinear finite element simulations. To explore the impact of the FRP reinforcement type and geometry on the nonlinear mechanical behavior of reinforced beam, intensive parametric studies are carried out and discussed. Twenty models were carried out based on the finite element software (ABAQUS). The concrete damage plasticity model was considered. Four types of fiber polymer bars, CFRP, GFRP, AFRP and BFRP as longitudinal reinforcement for concrete beam were used. The validation of numerical results was confirmed by experimental as well as numerical results, then the parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effect of change in different parameters, such as bar diameter size, type of FRP bars and shear span length. All results were analyzed and discussed through, load-deflection diagram. The results showed that the use of FRP bars in rebar concrete beam improves the beam stiffness and enhance the ultimate load capacity. The load capacity enhanced in the range of (20.44-244.47%) when using different types of FRP bars. The load-carrying capacity of beams reinforced with CFRP is the highest one, beams reinforced with AFRP is higher than that reinforced with BFRP but beams reinforced with GFRP recorded the lowest load of capacity compered with other beams reinforced with FRP Bars.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

A recent and promising method for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete(RC) members is the use of near surface mounted(NSM) fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) reinforcement. In the NSM method, the reinforcement is embedded in grooves cut onto the surface of the member to be strengthened and filled with an appropriate binding agent such as epoxy paste or cement grout. This paper illustrates a research program on shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM channel-type FRP beams which is developed in this study. The objective of this study is to clarify the role of channel-type FRP beam embedded to the beam web for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. Included in the study are effectiveness in terms of spacing and angle of channel-type FRP beams, strengthening method, and shear span ratio. the study also aims to understand the additional shear capacity due to glass fiber reinforced polymer beams and carbon reinforced polymer beams. And anther objective is to study the failure modes, shear strengthening effect on ultimate force and load deflection behavior of RC beams embedded with channel-type FRP beams on the shear region of the beams.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2005

This paper presents a numerical model developed to evaluate the load-deflection and moment-curvature relationship for concrete beams strengthened externally with four different Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite systems. The developed model considers the inelastic behavior of concrete section subjected to a combined axial force and bending moment. The model accounts for tensile strength of concrete as defined by the modulus of rupture of concrete. Based on the adopted material constitutive relations, the model evaluates the sectional curvature as a function of the applied axial load and bending moment. Deflections along the beam are evaluated using a finite difference technique taking into account support conditions. The developed numerical technique has been tested on a cantilever beam with a transverse load applied at its end. A study of the behavior of the beam with tension reinforcement compared to that with FRP areas giving an equivalent ultimate moment has been carried out. Moreover, cracking of the section in the tensile region at ultimate load has also been considered. The results indicated that beams reinforced with FRP systems possess more ductility than those reinforced with steel. This ductility, however, can be tuned by increasing the area of FRP or by combining different FRP layers.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.385-398
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• 2024

As concrete dominates the construction industry, alternatives to traditionally used steel reinforcement are being sought. This study explored the suitability of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) as a substitute within rigid frames, focusing on its impact on section ductility and overall structural durability against seismic events. However, current design guidelines address quasi-static loads, leaving a gap for dynamic or extreme circumstances. Our approach included multiscale simulations, parametric study, and energy dissipation analyses, drawing upon a unique adaptation of modified compression field theory. In our efforts to optimize macro and microparameters to improve yield strength, manage brittleness, and govern failure modes, we also recognized the potential of CFRP's high corrosion resistance. This characteristic of CFRP could significantly reduce the frequency of required repairs, thereby contributing to enhanced durability of the structures. The research reveals that CFRP's durability and seismic resistance are attributed to plastic joints within compressed fibers. Notably, CFRP can impart ductility to structural designs, effectively balancing its inherent brittleness, particularly when integrated with quasi-brittle materials. This research challenges the notion that designing bendable components with carbon fiber reinforcement is impractical. It shows that creating ductile bending components with CFRP in concrete is feasible despite the material's brittleness. This funding overturns conventional assumptions and opens new avenues for using CFRP in structural applications where ductility and resilience are crucial.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2013

이 논문은 강섬유보강콘크리트와 GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer)사이의 부착 특성을 조사하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험 주요 변수로는 보강근 지름, 섬유혼입량, 피복두께 및 콘크리트의 압축강도를 설정하였다. 부착파괴는 주로 콘크리트 피복에서의 쪼갬으로 인하여 유발되며, 이러한 콘크리트의 쪼갬파괴는 보강근과 콘크리트 사이의 변형 차이로 유발되는 인장력때문에 발생한다. 따라서, 보강근과 콘크리트 사이의 부착파괴를 방지하기 위하여, 콘크리트 피복부위의 인장강도를 향상시켜야 한다. 실험결과를 살펴보면, 섬유혼입량 증가는 부착강도를 크게 향상시키고 있으며, 피복두께는 최종 파괴모드를 변화시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 보강근의 지름 또한 최종 파괴모드를 변화시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 일반적으로 보강근의 지름은 부착특성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 섬유혼입량은 부착특성에 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 알려져 있다. 콘크리트 압축강도의 증가는 보강근과 콘크리트 사이의 부착강도를 증가시켰으며, 이는 압축강도의 증가가 직접적으로 인장강도의 증가를 유발하기 때문이라고 판단된다.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2006

The surface topography, tensile properties, and thermal properties of ramie fibers were investigated as reinforcement for fully biodegradable and environmental-friendly 'green' composites. SEM micrographs of a longitudinal and cross sectional view of a single ramie fiber showed a fibrillar structure and rough surface with irregular cross-section, which is considered to provide good interfacial adhesion with polymer resin in composites. An average tensile strength, Young's modulus, and fracture strain of ramie fibers were measured to be 627 MPa, 31.8 GPa, and 2.7 %, respectively. The specific tensile properties of the ramie fiber calculated per unit density were found to be comparable to those of E-glass fibers. Ramie fibers exhibited good thermal stability after aging up to $160^{\circ}C$ with no decrease in tensile strength or Young's modulus. However, at temperatures higher than $160^{\circ}C$ the tensile strength decreased significantly and its fracture behavior was also affected. The moisture content of the ramie fiber was 9.9 %. These properties make ramie fibers suitable as reinforcement for 'green' composites. Also, the green composites can be fabricated at temperatures up to $160^{\circ}C$ without reducing the fiber properties.

• Carbon letters
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

Unidirectional polymer composites were prepared using high-strength carbon fibers as reinforcement and phenolic resin as matrix precursor with keeping fiber volume fraction at 30, 40, 50 and 60% respectively. These composites were carbonized at $1000^{\circ}C$ and graphitised at $2600^{\circ}C$ in the inert atmosphere. The carbonized and graphitised composites were characterized for mechanical properties as well as microstructure. Microscopic studies were carried out of the polished surface of carbonized and graphitised composites after etching by chromic acid, to understand the effect of fiber volume fraction on oxidation at fiber-matrix interface. It is found that the flexural strength in polymer composites increases with fiber volume fraction and so does for the carbonised composites. However, the trend was found to be reversed in graphitised composites. In all the carbonized composites anisotropic region has been observed at fiber-matrix interface which transforms into columnar type microstructure upon graphitisation. The extension of strong and weak columnar type microstructure is function of fiber volume fraction. SEM microscopy of the etched surface of the sample reveal that composites containing 40% fiber volume has minimum oxidation at the interface, revealing a strong interfacial bonding.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 새로운 형상의 GFRP 판으로 전단보강된 플랫 플레이트의 전단거동에 관하여 실험적으로 연구하였다. GFRP 판은 개구부가 있는 판의 형태로서 콘크리트와의 일체화 거동을 위하여 콘크리트에 매립하여 사용한다. 총 7개의 시험체에 대한 뚫림 전단실험을 수행하였고, 실험 변수로는 전단보강재의 종류와 전단보강량을 선택하였다. 실험결과를 시험체의 균열 및 파괴양상, 변형률, 하중변위곡선으로 분석하였다. 또한 GFRP 판으로 전단 보강된 플랫 플레이트의 ACI 318-11 기준식에 의한 계산값과 실험에 의한 결과값을 비교하였다. 실험 결과 GFRP 판이 플랫 플레이트의 전단보강재로써 뚫림 전단에 효과적으로 적용함을 확인하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2021

In order to save the energy in vehicles using renewable energy, it is necessary to reduce the weight of parts with polymer matrix composites. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is the nano-scale reinforcement used to increase the interlaminar strength of fiber reinforced composites or enhance the fracture toughness of polymer. However, since the degree of improvement in mechanical properties varies according to the various experimental conditions such as shape of reinforcement, types of matrix and dispersion of reinforcement, research to find the optimal conditions is essentially needed. In this study, CNT/epoxy composites with different CNT concentration were fabricated under the same conditions, and the optimal CNT content (2 wt%) was found through Mode 1 fracture toughness test. Furthermore, through optical microscopy, it was confirmed that the fracture toughness was rather decreased due to the CNT aggregation when the CNT content exceeded 2 wt%.

• Carbon letters
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

Chop molding composites and 2D carbon/carbon composites were manufactured by hot press molding method. Phenol resin of novolac type was used for matrix precursor and PAN-based carbon, PAN-based graphite and pitch-based carbon fiber were used for reinforcement and boron oxide was used for oxidation retardant. All of the composites were treated by $2000^{\circ}C$ and $2400^{\circ}C$ graphitization process, respectively. After graphitization process, amount of a boron residue in carbon/carbon composites is much according to irregularity of used raw materials. Under the presence of boron in carbon/carbon composites, catalytic effect of boron was a little at $2000^{\circ}C$ graphitization temperature. However, it was quite at $2400^{\circ}C$ graphitization.