• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2013

Part shrinkage in injection molding is inevitable phenomenon. Thus, it is necessary not only study on the reducing part shrinkage but characterization of part shrinkage. In this study, part shrinkage in injection molded 2.5 dimensional annular shaped specimens has been studied using glass fiber reinforced PC. Annular shaped specimens were designed with various sizes of outer diameter and thickness. Injection temperature, packing time and packing pressure were selected for operational conditions. Profile variations of outer and inner diameters of molded specimens for various operational conditions were investigated. Sizes of outer and inner diameters of injection molded specimens were smaller than the sizes of mold. Part shrinkage decreased as outer diameter and thickness increased. Part shrinkage showed anisotropic behavior and it depended upon gate location. Subsequently, molded specimens were not circular but oval in shape, and showed the largest shrinkage in the direction of gate. It was realized that the mold design such as gate design is important to control the shape of molded products.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2007

Despite of environmental problems(safety hazards), mechanical recycling of FRP boats, which involves shredding and grinding of the scrap FRP in a new product. is one of the simpler and more technically proven methods than incineration or reclamation ones. Because FRP is made up of reinforced fiber glass, it is very difficult to break into pieces. It also occurs secondary problem such as air pollution and unacceptable shredding noise level. The another urgent problem which is a serious barrier to FRP recycling is very limited reusable applications. This study is to propose a new method which is efficient and environment friendly waste FRP regenerating system. And it also have shown the polymer cement and fiber-reinforced concrete applications with the waste FRP.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 1999

We demonstrated a harmonic mode locking scheme that used regeneratie phase modulation to get a high and stable repetition rate in a figure-of-eight fiber soliton laser. From the detected beat spectra of the laser output, a sinusoidal clock freguency tone of 400 MHz, the 96th harmonics of the fundamental mode locking frequency, was extracted with a high Q filter and was used to drive the phase modulator, resulting in stable output of soliton pulse train synchronized with the modulation signal. Generated soliton pulses had FWHM pulsewidth of 930 fs and 3.1 nm linewidth, yielding pulsewidth-bandwidth product of 0.359 that was close to the transform limit. As the modulation frequency always followed the beat frequency of laser modes, stable harmonic mode locking was achieved without the adjustment of the cavity length, which has been commonly required in actively mode-locked lasers.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.710-721
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• 2020

This study dealt with the use of quinoa flour (QF) or teff flour (TF) as partial beef fat replacers in the formulation of emulsion-type sausages. A control (C) group was manufactured with 20% beef fat, while the other three groups were formulated with 10% beef fat plus 5% QF (Q), 5% TF (T), and 2.5% QF+2.5% TF (QT). Water-holding capacity of the emulsions was higher in Q (81.81%), T (82.20%), and QT (84.10%) samples than in C (64.83%) samples. Total expressible fluid and expressible fat were the lowest in Q and T samples, indicating the highest emulsion stability of those groups. Incorporation of QF and TF into formulations increased moisture and carbohydrate contents while decreased fat and energy values. Besides, the use of QF was effective to increase protein and dietary fiber contents. T sausages had lower luminosity (L^⁎) and higher yellowness (b^⁎) than C sausages, whilst Q sausages did not result in significant color changes. Higher cook yield values were recorded in Q (97.96%), T (98.21%), and QT (98.15%) samples compared with C (96.44%) samples. Inclusion of QF and TF to formulation led to lower hardness and gumminess, while utilization of TF was also effective to decrease chewiness. Consequently, healthier emulsified sausages were obtained by the inclusion of QF or TF that could decrease the fat content more than 50% without sacrificing overall quality, bringing advantages by quinoa over teff for increasing nutritional value and leading minimal modifications on color and texture.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.36-52
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• 2015

Nowadays, firms face the challenge of how to balance between the environmental request and business profit under the circumstances of being eco-friendly and sustainable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of business environmental factors on the 4p mix of an eco-friendly textile in the textile fashion firms. This research was conducted by a questionnaire method, in which the questionnaires were distributed to the textile fashion firms. Of the returned questionnaires, one hundred of them were selected to be included in the analysis by developing descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cronbach's alpha, and regression analysis using SPSS18.0. The results of this study were as follows: There were significant effects of the firms' environmental management, organizational structure, and CEOs' environmental sensitivity in descending order of the business internal factors on the textile fashion firms' eco-friendly textile product. The factors of the firms' environmental management, organizational structure(internal factors), and legal regulation(external factor), in descending order, significantly affected the promotion of the eco-friendly textile. The factor of firms' environmental management (internal factor) significantly affected the distribution of the eco-friendly textile. The factors of CEOs' environmental sensitivity(internal factor), legal regulation(external factor), and firms' environmental management(internal factor), in descending order, significantly affected the price of the eco-friendly textile.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1267-1267
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• 2001

The existing fruit sorter has the method of tilting tray and extracting fruits by the action of solenoid or springs. In peaches, the most sort processing is supported by man because the sorter make fatal damage to peaches. In order to sustain commodity and quality of peach non-destructive, non-contact and real time based sorter was needed. This study was performed to develop peach sorter using near-infrared spectroscopy in real time and nondestructively. The prototype was developed to decrease internal and external damage of peach caused by the sorter, which had a way of extracting tray with it. To decrease positioning error of measuring sugar contents in peaches, fiber optic with two direction diverged was developed and attached to the prototype. The program for sorting and operating the prototype was developed using visual basic 6.0 language to measure several quality index such as chlorophyll, some defect, sugar contents. The all sorting result was saved to return farmers for being index of good quality production. Using the prototype, program and MLR(multiple linear regression) model, it was possible to estimate sugar content of peaches with the determination coefficient of 0.71 and SEC of 0.42bx using 16 wavelengths. The developed MLR model had determination coefficient of 0.69, and SEP of 0.49bx, it was better result than single point measurement of 1999's. The peach sweetness grading system based on NIR reflectance method, which consists of photodiode-array sensor, quartz-halogen lamp and fiber optic diverged two bundles for transmitting the light and detecting the reflected light, was developed and evaluated. It was possible to predict the soluble solid contents of peaches in real time and nondestructively using the system which had the accuracy of 91 percentage and the capacity of 7,200 peaches per an hour for grading 2 classes by sugar contents. Draining is one of important factors for production peaches having good qualities. The reason why one farm's product belows others could be estimated for bad draining, over-much nitrogen fertilizer, soil characteristics, etc. After this, the report saved by the peach grading system will have to be good materials to farmers for production high quality peaches. They could share the result or compare with others and diagnose their cultural practice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1454-1461
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• 2022

Palm kernel expeller (PKE), a by-product of palm oil extraction, contains higher amounts of fiber than corn and soybean meal, but offers low energy density, protein value, and amino acid (AA) composition, limiting its use for swine. Recently however, it was reported that dietary fiber has a positive effect on the gut microbiota of the host, and therefore it is necessary to study the effect of PKE feeding on the intestinal microbiota of swine. In this study, we investigated the effects of supplementation with PKE in lactation diets on the gut microbiota composition of lactating sows and their litters. A total of 12 sows were randomly assigned to two dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. The treatments were a diet based on corn-soybean meal (CON) and CON supplemented with 20% of PKE. Sow and piglet fecal samples were collected before farrowing, on days 7 and 28 (weaning) after farrowing, and on days 7 and 28 (weaning) after farrowing, respectively, to verify gut microbiota composition by pyrosequencing analysis. The beta-diversity result showed a significant difference only in weaning-stage piglets, but dietary PKE altered the gut microbiota in sows by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus compared with CON. In piglets, dietary PKE decreased the abundance of opportunistic pathogen Proteus and increased the abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Prevotellaceae and Prevotella. Our results can be helpful in developing feeding strategies and support the beneficial effects of dietary PKE to improve the gut health of animals.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.134-147
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of fiber direction arrangement and layer composition of hybrid bamboo laminate boards on the physical and mechanical properties. The raw material used was tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kurs) rope in the form of flat sheets (zephyr) and falcata veneer (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen). Zephyr bamboo was arranged in three layers using water-based isocyanate polymer (WBPI) with a glue spread rate of 300 g/m². There were variations in the substitution of the core layer with falcata veneers (hybrid) as much as two layers and using a glue spread rate of 170 g/m². The laminated bamboo board was cold-pressed at a pressure of 22.2 kgf/cm² for 1 h, and the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The results showed that the arrangement of the fiber direction significantly affected the dimensional stability, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, shear strength, and screw withdrawal strength. However, the composition of the layers had no significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties. The bonding quality of bamboo laminate boards with WBPI was considered to be quite good, as shown by the absence of delamination in all test samples. The bamboo hybrid laminate board can be an alternative based on the physical and mechanical properties that can meet laminated board standards.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.299-299
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• 2022

Whole wheat is rich in dietary fiber and contains various biological activity substances such as arabinoxylan, phytic acid and phenolic compounds. However, excessive fiber contents of whole wheat has a negative effect on dough formation, making it difficult to process. In this study, we tried to improve the usability of whole wheat by suggesting an appropriate degree of purification of whole wheat from 'Saekeumkang', a domestic wheat cultivar containing protein and gluten suitable for noodle production. The contents of arabinoxylan, phytic acid, and vitamin E were measured in the polishing rate range of 5-20% of whole wheat flour. As the milling ratio increased, the flour properties improved. The arabinoxylan and phytic acid content of whole wheat were 67.95 mg/g and 0.87 mg/g, but when milled at 20%, arabinoxylan and phytic acid were 60% and 80% of whole wheat, respectively. And as the milling ratio increased, the vitamin E content tended to decrease (whole wheat: 4.063 mg/100 g, 20% milled: 2.96 mg/100 g), However, the vitamin E composition ratio did not change. On the other hand, α-tocopherol showed the greatest than other vitamin E isomers. Therefore, further studies needed to optimize milling rate to improve the final product while maintaining the approximate nutritional and functional value of the whole wheat.