• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.231-237
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• 2000

A15052/AFRP laminates were developed principally to obtain a material with good fatigue strength, in which possible cracks would grow very slowly. Weight savings of more than 30% should be attainable in practice. Also, the crack bridging fibers could still was carry a significant part of the load over the crack, thus the COD and stress intensity factor was reduced at the crack tip. A15052/ AFRP laminates consists of three thin sheets of 5052-H34 aluminum alloy and two layers of [0] unidirectional aramid fiber prepreg. The cyclic-bending moment test was investigated based on applying the five kinds of bending moments. The size of the delamination zone produced between 5052-H34 aluminum alloy sheets and fiber-adhesive layers was measured from ultrasonic C-scan pictures taken around the fatigue crack. In addition, the relationship between the cyclic-bending moment and the delamination zone size was studied and the effect of fiber bridging mechanism was also considered.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2003

The influence of cyclic bending moment on the delamination and the fatigue crack propagation behavior in Al/GFRP laminate such as the wing section was investigated. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between crack profile and delamination behavior. And a propose parameter on the delamination growth rate(d $A_{D}$/da) of Al/GFRP laminates with a saw-cut using relationship between delamination area( $A_{D}$) and cycles(N), crack length(a), stress intensity factor range($\Delta$K). Also, the fiber bridging effect factor( $F_{BE}$ ) was propose that the fiber bridging modification factor($\beta$$_{fb}$ ) to evaluate using the delamination growth rate(d $A_{D}$/da). The shape and size of the delamination zone formed along the fatigue crack between aluminum alloy sheet. Class fiber-adhesive layer were measured by an ultrasonic C-scan image. The shape of delamination zone turns out to be semi-elliptic with the contour decreased non-linearly toward the crack tip. It represents that relationship between crack length and delamination growth rate(d $A_{D}$/da) were interdependent by reciprocal action, therefore it's applicable present a model for the delamination growth rate(dA/sib D//da) in Al/GFRP laminates.minates.s.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2003

The fuselage-wing intersection suffers from the cyclic bending moment of variable amplitude. Therefore, the influence of cyclic bending moment on the delamination and the fatigue crack propagation behavior in AFRP/Al laminate of fuselage-wing was investigated in this study. The cyclic bending moment fatigue test in AFRP/Al laminate was performed with five levels of bending moment. The shape and size of the delamination Lone formed along the fatigue crack between aluminum sheet and aramid fiber-adhesive layer were measured by an ultrasonic C-scan. The relationships between da/dN and ΔK, between the cyclic bending moment and the delamination zone size, and between the fiber bridging behavior and the delamination zone were studied. As results, fiber failures were not observed in the delamination zone in this study, the fiber bridging modification factor increases and the fatigue crack growth rate decrease and the shape of delamination zone is semi-elliptic with the contour decreasing non-linearly toward the crack tip.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1402-1405
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• 2003

The main object of this study was evaluated by the delamination damage for fiber stacking angle. Therefore, this work need to compare the shape of delamination for a different fiber stacking angie. So this study uses a method of fatigue test which was created [0]$_2$,[+45]$_2$[90]$_2$. The extension of the delamination zone formed between aluminium alloy and glass fiber-adhesive layer were measured by an ultrasonic C-scan image. As a result, the shapes of delamination zone don't depend upon the crack propagation. We could know that the delamination zone grew interaction between stress flow of fiber layer and crack driving force. Hence, the existing study were applied to the stress transfer, fiber bridging effect, delaminantion growth rate should need to the develop useful factor because of change of fiber stacking angle.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1277-1286
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• 2001

Aluminum 5052/Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic(Al5052/AFRP) laminates are applied to the fuselage-wing intersection. The Al5052/AFRP laminates suffer from the cyclic bending moment of variable amplitude during the service. Therefore, the influence of cyclic bending moment on the delamination and the fatigue crack propagation behavior in Al5052/AFRP laminate was investigated in this study. Al5052/AFRP laminate composite consists of three thin sheets of Al5052 and two layers of unidirectional aramid fibers. The cyclic bending moment fatigue tests were performed with five different levels of bending moment. The shape and size of the delamination zone formed along the fatigue crack between Al5052 sheet and aramid fiber-adhesive layer were measured by an ultrasonic C-scan. The relationships between da/dN and ΔK, between the cyclic bending moment and the delamination zone size, and between the fiber bridging mechanism and the delamination zone were studied. Fiber failures were not observed in the delamination zone in this study. It represents that the fiber bridging modification factor should turn out to increase and that the fatigue crack growth rate should decrease. The shape of delamination zone turns out to be semi-elliptic with the contour decreased non-linearly toward the crack tip.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2004

The hybrid composite material (Al/GFRP laminates) are applied to the fuselage and wing in a aircraft. Therefore, Al/GFRP laminates suffer from the cyclic bending moments. This study was to evaluate the effect of fiber stacking angle on the fatigue crack propagation and delamination behavior using the relationship between crack growth rate (da/dN) and stress intensity factor range (ΔK) in Al/GFRP laminates under cyclic bending moment. The variable delamination growth behavior in case of three different type of fiber orientations, i.e., [Al/O$_2$/Al], [Al/+45$_2$/Al] and [Al/90$_2$/Al] at the interface of Al layer and glass fiber layer was measured by ultrasonic C-scan images. As results of this study, It represent that the delamination shape should turns out to have more effective characteristics on the fiber stacking angle. The extension of the delamination zone in case of [Al/+45$_2$/Al] and [Al/90$_2$/Al] were not formed along the fatigue crack profile. The shape of delamination zone depend on fiber stacking angle and the variable type with the delamination contour decreased non-linearly toward the crack tip at the Al layer.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2004

If Fiber Reinforced Metal Laminates(FRMLs) were delaminated, the decrease of stiffness and fiber bridging effect would result in the sudden aggravation of fatigue characteristics. It was reported that the delamination of FRMLs resulted from the crack of metal layers and that it depended on the crack growth. While cracks were made in FRMLs containing a saw-cuts under fatigue loading, cracks could be produced or not in FRMLs with circular holes under the same condition. When the FRMLs with the circular holes produce not the crack but the delamination, it is not possible to analyze it by the conventional fracture parameters expressed as the function of the crack. And so, this research suggests a new analytical model of the delamination to make the comparison of the delamination behavior possible whenever the cracks occur or not. Therefore, a new analytical model called Pseudo Crack Model(PCM) was suggested to compare the delaminations whether cracks were made or not. The relationship between the crack energy consumption rate( $E_{crack}$) and the delamination energy consumption rate( $E_{del}$) was discussed and it was also known that the effect of $E_{del}$ was larger than that of $E_{crack}$.

• 멤브레인
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2011

자연유기물을 처리하는 침지형 중공사막 정밀여과 시스템에서 $TiO_2$ 나노입자와 UV를 이용한 광촉매 반응을 적용 시 공기폭기, $TiO_2$ 농도, 용액의 pH 그리고 $Ca^{+2}$의 존재가 자연유기물에 의한 파울링에 미치는 혼합영향을 관찰하였다. 실험결과, $TiO_2$ 나노입자 없이 단순 UV의 조사만으로 자연유기물에 의한 파울링은 약 40% 정도 감소시킬 수 있었다. 또한 UV의 조사 없이 $TiO_2$ 나노입자의 교반만으로 약 25%의 파울링 감소효과를 나타내었다. 공기폭기가 광촉매 반응에 미치는 영향을 확인해 본 결과 공기폭기를 적용해 주지 않은 경우와 비교했을시 공기폭기로 인한 자연유기물의 제거효율은 약 12% 정도 향상되었다. 이는 공기폭기로 인한 분리막 표면으로부터 자연유기물의 물리적인 역수송 보다는 산소공급으로 인해 광촉매 반응이 더욱 향상된 것으로 판단된다. 공기폭기 유량, $TiO_2$ 농도, 용액의 pH 영향정도를 관찰한 결과 공기폭기가 자연유기물 파울링 감소에 미치는 영향이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 용액의 pH 경우 낮은 pH (= 4.5)에서 파울링 감소에 미치는 영향이 가장 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 $TiO_2$ 나노입자 농도가 증가할 수록 파울링 감소효과도 증가하였으며 용액의 pH를 낮출수록 파울링 감소는 증가하였다. 이는 낮은 pH에서 서로 반대전하를 지닌 자연유기물과 $TiO_2$ 나노 입자간의 정전기적인 인력이 증가하여 $TiO_2$ 나노입자 표면에서 자연유기물의 광촉매분해능이 향상된 것으로 사료된다. 또한 자연유기물 중 $Ca^{+2}$의 첨가는 상대적으로 높은 pH (= 10)에서 자연유기물과 $TiO_2$ 나노입자 사이 가교현상을 촉진시켜 $Ca^{+2}$이 첨가되지 않은 경우와 비교시 높은 파울링 감소효과와 자연유기물의 분해효과를 달성시킬 수 있었다.