• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2011

경남지역 밭 토양 25개소를 대상으로 2009년에 토양 화학성분과 미생물 다양성을 검토하고 토성, 지형 및 작물별 주요 변동요인을 주성분분석으로 해석하였다. 토양 유효인산 및 치환성 칼륨과 칼슘 함량은 적정수준 보다 높았으며 대부분의 토양 화학성분이 최소값과 최대값의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 지형적으로 산록경사지는 토양 유기물 함량과 치환성 칼륨 함량이 유의적으로 높았고 (p<0.05) 토성별 유기물 함량은 양토에서 높은 반면에 염류농도와 유효인산 함량은 사양토에서 높았으며 고구마 재배지의 치환성 칼슘함량은 감자 재배지에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 지형별 밭토양의 곰팡이 개체수는 곡간 및 선상지가 하성평탄지 보다 유의적으로 많았고 토양 미생물체량과 탈수소효소 활성은 산록경사지가 다른 지형에 비해 유의적으로 높았다 (p<005). 토성에 따른 토양의 coliform 그룹은 미사질양토가 사양토와 양토에 비해 유의적으로 높았고 미생물체량은 양토가 미사질양토 보다 유의적으로 높았으나 (p<005) 작물별 미생물상과 토양 미생물체량 및 탈수소효소 활성은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 주성분 분석결과 제1주성분이 32.2%, 제2주성분이 24.2%로서 전체 56.4%의 자료를 설명할 수 있었으며 제1주성분은 토양의 유효인산 함량이 가장 크게 기여하였다. 토양 바실러스균과 곰팡이균은 토양의 유기물 함량과 정의 상관관계를 보였으며 토양 pH는 형광성 슈도 모나스균과 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.795-806
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• 2016

This study was conducted to improve the continuous techniques for international competitiveness of ginseng industry to Korea-China FTA negotiation and conclusion, and provide the basic information for ginseng industry development of Korea. It was carried out the visiting of the northeastern three provinces (Jilin, Liaoling and Heilongjang) in China for 3-year from 2014 to 2016 and observed the farmers' fields of ginseng cultivation with soil environmental status. The types of ginseng cultivation could be observed in small scales of 0.5~3.0 ha, in middle scales of 4.0~10.0 ha and in large scales of 30~700 ha with the kinds of imhasam, Chinese ginseng, Korean ginseng and western ginseng. Also ginseng was cultivated in newly reclaimed land of forest in two types of direct seeding and transplanting of ginseng seedlings. The field beds of ginseng growing were covered with vinyl films in arch design of 100~130 cm height and vinyl was painted in spraying with blue, green and yellow colours for shading. It was investigated in status of the physico-chemical properties of soils. The physical information on the field soils were silt loam, loam and sandy loam in soil textures, and some plain in low slope, some alluvial fan or local valley in forest of land topography. Soil pH ranged within 5.0~5.2, soil EC was $0.93{\sim}3.78dS\;m^{-1}$, organic matter was $37{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$, nitrate nitrogen $63{\sim}490mg\;kg^{-1}$, available $P_2O_5$ $55{\sim}163mg\;kg^{-1}$, and in exchangeable cations, K was 0.30~0.98, Ca was 6.5~14.0, Mg was $1.1{\sim}5.3cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in ranges. Farmers used the fertilizer for ginseng cultivation in 10~11 t of compost, $200{\sim}400kg\;ha^{-1}$ of complex fertilizer and $750kg\;ha^{-1}$ of oil cakes. The northeastern three provinces of China can use the newly lands with large areas of ginseng cultivation in soil sickness by continuous cropping. and the soil basic fertility is batter than that of Korean in standard guide of ginseng cultivation soil.

• 한국인구학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.197-220
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• 1999

급격한 사회변동을 경험하고 있는 한국사회가 인구변천의 마지막 단계에 진입하면서 인구관련분야의 정책의 핵심은 출산과 인구통제에서 노령인구의 문제로 옮겨지고 있다. 최근들어 국가가 자가부양(self-care)이나 가족부양(family care)을 보완하기 위해서는 공적 서비스(public service)가 확대되어야 한다는 주장들이 강조됨에 따라 노인부양규범이나 공적 서비스(public service)가 확대되어야 한다는 주장들이 강조됨에 따라 노인부양규범이나 의식의 현황 및 변환에 관한 이해의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구는 1994년 보건사회연구원이 실시한 <노인생활실태조사>를 이용하여 노부모들이 어느 정도로 가족, 자신 그리고 국가를 바람직한 노후생활의 부양원으로 보는가를 알아 보고 있다. 다항로짓 모형에 근거한 분석결과에 의하면, 아들이 없는 노부모인 경우 가족이 노인을 부양해야 한다는 전통적인 견해가 약하고, 경제나 건강상 여건이 좋은 노인일수록 자가부양의 견해가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 경제적으로 열악한 상황에 있거나 건강상태가 양호하지 않은 노인들이 국가의 책임을 강조한다고 가정한 가설은 본 연구결과 지지 받지 못했다. 본 연구의 목적은 정책적 함의나 추후연구를 위한 제안 등은 결론에서 다루어지고 있다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2007

Field performance and morphological characterization was conducted on seven transgenic lines of Codonopsis lanceolata expressing ${\gamma}-TMT$ gene. The shoots were obtained from leaf explants after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tume-faciens strain LBA 4404 harboring a binary vector pYBI 121 that carried genes encoding ${\gamma}-Tocopherol$ methyltransferase gene (${\gamma}-TMT$) and a neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (npt II) for kanamycin resistance. The transgenic plants were transferred to a green house for acclimation. Integration of T-DNA into the $T_0\;and\;T_1$ generation of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata genome was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analysis. The progenies of transgenic plants showed phenotypic differences within the different lines and with relative to control plants. When grown in field, the transgenic plants in general exhibited increased fertility, significant improvement in the shoot weight, root weight, shoot height and rachis length with relation to the control plants. However, all seven independently derived transgenic lines produced normal flower with respect to its shape, size, color and seeds number at its maturity. Indicating that the addition of a selectable marker gene in the plant genome does not effect on seed germination and agronomic performance of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata. $T_1$ progenies of these plants were obtained and evaluated together with control plant in a field experiment. Overall, the agronomic performance of $T_1$ progenies of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata showed superior to that of the seed derived non-transgenic plant. In this study, we report on the morphological variation and agronomic performance of transgenic Codonopsis lanceolata developed by Agrobacterium transformation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2014

Objective: To investigate: the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and the relationship between vitamin D status and clinical or metabolic features in this group. Methods: We recruited 38 women with PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria. A total of 109 premenopausal control women were matched with patients based on age and body mass index. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations less than 20 ng/mL were classified as frank vitamin D deficiency. Since vitamin D may play a significant role in metabolic disturbances in women with PCOS, correlations between clinical or metabolic parameters and vitamin D status were analyzed separately in patients and controls. Results: Women with PCOS showed no differences in the level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D ($19.6{\pm}6.6ng/mL$ in patients vs. $20.1{\pm}7.4ng/mL$ in controls, respectively, p=0.696) or prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (57.9% in patients vs. 56.5% in controls, respectively, p=0.880). In addition, we did not find any correlations between serum vitamin D level and clinical or metabolic profiles in either PCOS patients or controls. Conclusion: Our study found no differences in the absolute level of serum vitamin D between PCOS patients and matched controls. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was equally common among both patients and controls. Additionally, we did not find any correlations between serum vitamin D level and clinical or metabolic profiles, suggesting that the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of PCOS is not yet clear.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2010

Early pregnancy diagnosis of bovine is an essential component for efficient reproductive plan in farms because long term of non-pregnancy results in economic losses by failure of offspring production and low milk yield in dairy cattle. The major steroid hormones related with reproduction are known to be progesterone and estrogen in bovine pregnancy. To evaluate detection level of hormones in milk, plasma and milk progestrone and estrogen of Holstein cows was analyzed during artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET). Progesterone concentration at 21 days postestrus was significantly different in plasma and milk between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. Estrogen concentration at estrus was higher in pregnant recipients than that in non-pregnant recipients. To analyze correlation between hormone levels and conception rates in Holstein, the conception and return rates were checked following AI, and the returned cows were on the track of pregnancy after consecutive AI. Pregnant cows following first AI were considered as high conception group while pregnant cows following third AI were rated as low conception group. Proportion of high and low conception groups in this study was 78.2% and 9.1%, respectively. Hormone analysis indicated that high conception group had higher estrogen level during estrus than low conception group ($26.45{\pm}3.32$ vs $19.017{\pm}2.97$). Progesterone level was not different between high and low conception groups during estrus but increased significantly after 21 days postestrus (21 day: $4.95{\pm}1.12$ vs $0.95{\pm}0.23$, 35 day: $12.47{\pm}3.82$ vs $2.41{\pm}1.21$). In conclusion, the pattern of progesterone and estrogen secretion in Holstein milk samples could be a good candidate for early pregnancy detection and selection of recipients during ET.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1997

The early studies demonstrated that the relative amount of FSH was important for stimulating normal ovarian activity and demonstrated the existence of a threshold level for FSH, above which follicular growth was activated. It was found that only a modest increase in circulating FSH level above the threshold (between 10 and 30%) was required to stimulate folliculogenesis. In addition, FSH is primary responsible for initiating estradiol production through the activation of the aromatase enzyme system in granulosa cells, follicular secretion and growth. LH on the other hand, plays a supportive role in ovarian steroidogenesis, stimulating the ovarian thecal cells to produce androgen, the precursor for estradiol synthesis. But there is now an increasing number of reports in the literature demonstrating an adverse effect of LH on fertility and miscarriage in infertile and fertile women. So HP-FSH is the drug of a highly purified FSH preparation which has a higher specific activity and far fewer impurities than FSH. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HP-FSH administered (SC; subcutaneous) versus FSH(IM; intramuscular) for ovulation induction. 20 candidates patients for ovulation induction were participated. All patients underwent pituitary desensitizing with a long gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocol and ovulation induction was started with HP-FSH SC (10 patients; group I) or FSH IM (10 patients; group II). After ovulation, outcome of ovulation induction and local reaction of injection site were compared. There were no difference of outcome of ovulation in two groups except pregnancy rate/embryo transfer. Group I had a higher pregnancy rate/ embryo transfer than Group II (44.4% Vs 28.6%). Pain, redness, tenderness, bruising and itching when the injection received on the first 5 days of treated (50 SC and 50 IM injections) were assessed. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the incidence of tenderness, bruising and itching between the IM and SC injection. But IM injection (FSH) had a tendency of higher above incidence. The number of reports of pain, redness were significantly increased in IM injection group (P<0.05). These results indicate that SC administration of HP-FSH has been shown to be as effect for superovulation as traditional gonadotropins, with an improved safety profile due to the removal of extaneous proteins.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2011

일본의 총 잔디재배면적은 6.623 ha로 이바라키현이 3,900 ha로 일본잔디재배면적의 약 58.9%를 차지하였고, 톳토리현이 779 ha로 11.8%를 차지하여 일본의 한국잔디 재배생산면적의 70% 이상을 차지하고 있었다. 일본에서 고품질 잔디뗏장 생산 및 유지를 위해 잔디 품질인증서 발급을 실시하고 있었으며, 품질관리 항목 중 이형초종을 집중적으로 관리하고 있었다. 또한 잔디 깎는 높이는 고라이시바 품종은 10 mm 내외, 노시바 품종은 25 mm 내외 이었으며, 잔디 뗏장 두께는 1.5 cm 정도로 생산하여 매우 고품질의 잔디를 생산하고 있었다. 잔디 운반비를 제외한 잔디 뗏장의 출하 단가는 300엔/$m^2$ 정도였으며, '쓰쿠바그린' 품종의 경우에는 600엔/$m^2$에 출하하고 있었다. 납품방식은 크게 3가지로 도매, 직판, 위탁형태로 출하되고 있었다. 잔디 품질 유지를 위한 잔디품질보증서는 품질등급기관인 쓰쿠바시 일본농업협동조합에서 주관하여 발급하고 있었으며, 3명의 평가위원을 구성하여 연간 3회 품질평가를 실시한 후 잔디품질보증서를 발급하고 있었다. 잔디밭의 균일도를 유지하기 위해 비선택적 제초제를 사용하여 잔디밭내에 혼입된 이형의 잔디 종(種)을 방제하고 있었으며, 잔디밭의 지력을 유지하기 위해 5-6년 단위로 배추와 윤작을 실시하여 잔디 뗏장 생산력을 유지하고 있었다. 이바라키현의 잔디브랜드화 추진을 위해 쓰쿠바 잔디사업협동조합내 쓰쿠바잔디진흥협의회에서 주관하여 '쓰쿠바히메', '쓰쿠바카가야키', '쓰쿠바타로우', '쓰쿠바그린' 등 4개 품종에 대한 특허 등록을 실시하여 쓰쿠바시를 대표하는 브랜드화를 추진하였다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2009

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy(NIRS)는 짧은 시간 안에 식물의 다양한 영양소를 동시에 정확하고 빠르게 측정할 수 있다. 본 연구는 creeping bentgrass 'CY2' 엽의 여러 가지 기본 요소의 값을 예측하기 위해서 NIRS(근적의선 분광분석기)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과, 질소와 수분 그리고 탄수화물의 $r^2$은 각각 0.892, 0.925, 0.971이었다. 검량식에 대한 검증에서 $r^2$이 높은 상관관계를 나타냈으므로, 잔디에서 더 많은 연구를 위한 실용화 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4121-4126
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• 2013

Objective: Low dose radiation may stimulate the growth and development of animals, increase life span, enhance fertility, and downgrade the incidence of tumor occurrence.The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect and hormesis in an erythrocyte system induced by low-dose radiation. Methods: Kunming strain male mice were subcutaneously implanted with S180 sarcoma cells in the right inguen as an experimental in situ animal model. Six hours before implantation, the mice were given 75mGy whole body X-ray radiation. Tumor growth was observed 5 days later, and the tumor volume was calculated every other day. Fifteen days later, all mice were killed to measure the tumor weight, and to observe necrotic areas and tumor-infiltration-lymphoreticular cells (TILs). At the same time, erythrocyte immune function and the level of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) were determined. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of EPO and VEGFR of tumor tissues. Results: The mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation had a lower tumor formation rate than those without low dose radiation (P < 0.05). The tumor growth slowed down significantly in mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation; the average tumor weight in mice pre-exposed to low dose radiation was lighter too (P < 0.05). The tumor necrosis areas were larger and TILs were more in the radiation group than those of the group without radiation. The erythrocyte immune function, the level of 2,3-DPG in the low dose radiation group were higher than those of the group without radiation (P < 0.05). After irradiation the expression of EPO of tumor tissues in LDR group decreased with time. LDR-24h, LDR-48h and LDR-72h groups were all statistically significantly different from sham-irradiation group. The expression of VEGFR also decreased, and LDR-24h group was the lowest (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Low dose radiation could markedly increase the anti-tumor ability of the organism and improve the erythrocyte immune function and the ability of carrying $O_2$. Low-dose total body irradiation, within a certain period of time, can decrease the expression of hypoxia factor EPO and VEGFR, which may improve the situation of tumor hypoxia and radiosensitivity of tumor itself.