• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.12
• /
• pp.1740-1746
• /
• 2016

In this study, we investigated the nutritional and functional constituents as well as quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Korean cultivated wild ginseng (KG). The chemical compositions and amino acid content of KG were 7.56% water, 73.01% carbohydrates, 12.58% protein, 1.99% lipids, and 5.54% ash as well as 16.17 mg/g of amino acids, respectively. The major ginsenoside and minor ginsenoside contents of KG were 15.94 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of KGE (Korean cultivated wild ginseng with 70% ethanol extract) were 8.93 mg GAE/g and 3.96 mg RHE/g, respectively. KGE also showed higher antioxidant activity than the other extracts (KGW, Korean cultivated wild ginseng with water extract) with regard to DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (57.75% and 70.73%, respectively), nitrite oxide scavenging activity (44.01%), SOD-like activity (78.05%), reducing power activity ($1.08OD_{700nm}$), and ferrous ion-chelating activity (65.33%). Additionally, KGE had higher elastase, collagenase, and tyrosinase inhibition activities than KGW. These results suggest that KGE can be used as a bioactive and functional material in the food industry.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.11
• /
• pp.1311-1318
• /
• 2015

The effects of fruit maturation on changes in the total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids of methanolic extracts of Citrus sudachi, in addition to its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, were determined. Generally, the concentration of these chemical constituents increased as C. sudachi reached maturity. C. sudachi contained high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids at maturity, contributing 6339.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g, 2364.2 mg of rutin equivalent per 100 g, and 678.7 mg/ml, respectively. The scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radicals and the reducing power of mature fruits were significantly higher at all data points than those of immature fruits (p<0.05). In contrast, the ferrous ion chelating activity of mature and immature C. sudachi fruits was similar. The 50% effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of mature fruits were 4.1±0.10 mg/ml for scavenging DPPH radicals, 3.1±0.02 mg/ml for scavenging hydrogen peroxide, 3.9±0.01 mg/ml for scavenging nitric oxide, and 3.8±0.02 mg/ml for chelating ferrous ion. The antidiabetic activity of C. sudachi was studied in vitro using the α-glucosidase inhibitory method. The inhibitory activity of mature C. sudachi fruits on α-glucosidase was higher than that of immature fruits. These results suggest that the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of C. sudachi change during maturation. These findings can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for the preservation of food products, as well as their use as health supplements and nutraceuticals.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2011

Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species has been implicated in several diseases, thus establishing a significant role for antioxidants in maintaining human health. Acetone, methanol, and hot water extracts of Pleurotus citrinopileatus were evaluated for their antioxidant activities against ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleic acid and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, reducing power, ferrous ion-chelating abilities, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. In addition, the tyrosinase inhibitory effects and phenolic compound contents of the extracts were also analyzed. Methanol and acetone extracts of P. citrinopileatus showed stronger inhibition of ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleic acid compared to the hot water extract. Methanol extract (8 mg/mL) showed a significantly high reducing power of 2.92 compared to the other extracts. The hot water extract was more effective than the acetone and methanole extracts for scavenging DPPH radicals. The strongest chelating effect (92.72%) was obtained with 1.0 mg/mL of acetone extract. High performance liquid chromatography analysis detected eight phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin, and biochanin-A, in an acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid (5 : 1) solvent extract. Xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the acetone, methanol, and hot water extracts increased with increasing concentration. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of P. citrinopileatus can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.253-259
• /
• 2011

In this studies, contents and activities of antioxidative substances in the fruits of a pear cultivar and five Korean wild pear lines were investigated. The content of total phenolic compounds was highest with Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta "Shingo" (7.68 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, D.W.) while total flavonoids was highest with P. ussuriensis var. acidula (5.66 $mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$, D.W.). The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids varied according to plant species, but in general pyrifolia lines had higher total polyphenols than total flavonoids whereas in ussuriensis lines total flavonoid contents were higher than total polyphenols. The scavenging effects of DDPH radicals was highest with highest with P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis ($RC_{50}$=1.45 $mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and that of ABTS radicals was highest with P. ussuriensis var. acidula ($RC_{50}$=0.69 $mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). A pear cultivar "Shingo" showed highest total polyphenol content, but scavenging activity of DDPH and ABTS radicals was lowest. The fruits of P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis contained low level of phenolic compounds, but their scavenging effects on two radicals was superior. Ferrous ion chelating effect was high in P. pyrifolia var. culta (98.93%), and in P. ussuriensis var. sinensis (68.71%), but two species had low scavenging activity. The content of phenolic compounds in wild pears was not always directly proportional to the radical scavenging activity. Neither radical scavenging activity was to ferrous ion chelating activity. In conclusion the fruits of P. ussuriensis var. acidula, P. ussuriensis var. seoulensis, and P. ussuriensis var. sinensis had great potential for the development of new antioxidative functional food because their antioxidative activity is higher or at least similar to P. pyrifolia var. culta. However, due to their different levels of antioxidative effects, the development of methods of using them jointly, not singly, to obtain maximum level of antioxidants is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to measure the bioactivity and antioxidant activity of peel from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fructus (GJE). GJE have been known to contain functional materials such as crocin, crocetin, geniposide, gardenosid, geniposidic acid, iridoid glycosides etc. We were separated into GJE peel. After that, we determined proanthocyanidin. GJE peel were extracted by 70% methanol, ethyl acetate (EA) and distilled water (DW) of three solvents. To investigate by the solvent extract of flavonoid content and value as a functional food ingredient of GJE peel through antioxidant activities (DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase like ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion-chelating capacity) were performed. Solvent extract antioxidant activity of increasing concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg/mL) were significantly increased (p<0.05). GJE peel extracts showed lower activity than positive control (ascorbic acid, BHA, EDTA). These results, by a solvent of peel were found that the relationship with the increase of flavonoid content increased physiological activity. The antioxidant activity of the extract from the other except for the EA extract on peel was observed at a high level. The results suggest that GJE peel can be used as nutraceutical foods and natural antioxidant.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant activities of freeze-dried, main root, and fine root of ginseng (Panax ginseng CA. Meyer), which were extracted with various solvents including ethanol, methanol, and water. Ethanol extracts in both parts showed the most powerful scavenging activities against DPPH radicals. Especially, ethanol extract of fine root had higher reducing power and antioxidant capacity than that of main root. The highest antioxidant activity in linoleic acid emulsion system was also observed in fine root extracted with ethanol, followed by methanol and water. Both ferrous ion chelating activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of extracts were increased with the increase of extracts concentration. These results suggest that ethanol extract of fine root of ginseng has the most effective antioxidant capacity compared to the methanol and water extracts tested in the present study. Thus it can be applied for the effective extraction of functional material from ginseng for the usage of pharmaceutical and/or food industries.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.241-244
• /
• 2017

The antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from Jeju camellia mistletoe (Korthalsella japonica (Thunb.) Engl.) was investigated using various in vitro assays as the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating and reducing power assays. Methanol and ethanol extracts showed the most potent antioxidant activity in all assays tested followed by water extract. The inhibitory effect of the Jeju camellia mistletoe extracts on pancreatic lipase and $\acute{a}$-glucosidase was also evaluated and the results showed that methanol and ethanol extracts markedly reduced both enzyme activities. Therefore, the methanol and ethanol extracts of Jeju camellia mistletoe is definitely worthy of further investigation for these beneficial effects on nutraceutical medicine.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.250-256
• /
• 2013

We investigated noodles supplemented with turmeric, purple sweet potato, or seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) for their functional properties, including total phenol, flavonoid contents, electron donating abilities, and nitrite scavenging abilities. The percentage of total phenolic compounds in turmeric, purple sweet potato, and seaweed noodles were 2.40, 2.47, and 1.27%, respectively, whereas the percentage of total flavonoid contents were 0.55, 0.92, 0.74%, respectively. Results showed that purple sweet potato noodles had the highest amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids compared to the other types of noodles. The electron donating abilities of the turmeric, purple sweet potato, and seaweed noodles were 4.72, 4.11, and 3.11 at 1,000 ppm respectively. The nitrite scavenging abilities of the turmeric, purple sweet potato, and seaweed noodles were 75.93, 79.81, and 73.51% at pH 1.2, respectively. Purple sweet potato noodles had the highest nitrite scavenging abilities, with an effect better than BHT and ascorbic acid. The ferrous ion chelating effect of turmeric, purple sweet potato, and seaweed noodles were 12.17, 13.63, and 42.12%. All of the experimental results showed good anti-oxidative activity; thus rice noodles supplemented with turmeric, purple sweet potato, or seaweed, have good functional effects for human beings.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant activities of Panax ginseng extracted with various solvents including n-hexane, chloroform, EtOAC, n-butanol and water. Among the various ginseng extracts, ethyl acetate (EtOAC) extracts showed the most powerful scavenging activities against DPPH radicals. Among the other solvent extracts, the butanol extract seemed relatively more effective in scavenging activity, followed by chloroform, water and hexane extracts. Moreover, the highest reducing power and ferrous ion chelating activity were found in the EtOAC extract followed by other extracts of ginseng. EtOAC extracts, which exhibited the best antioxidant activities of all solvent extracts of ginseng, possessed higher concentrations of total phenolics (777.61 mg/100 g) than other extracts. These results suggest that EtOAC extracts of ginseng (P. ginseng C.A. Meyer) have the most effective antioxidant capacity compared to n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol and water tested in this study, and has important applications for the pharmaceutical and food industries.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.116-121
• /
• 2012

Water extract from Pinus densiflora (WPD) was investigated for its antioxidant activity and its ability to provide protection from DNA damage. A series of antioxidant assays, including a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assay, a reducing power assay, a metal-chelating assay, a superoxide radical scavenging assay, and a nitrite scavenging ability, as well as a DNA damage protection assay were performed. Total phenolic content was found to be 211.32 mg Tan/g WPD. The extract scavenged 50% DPPH free radical at a concentration of 21.35 ${\mu}g/mL$. At that same concentration, the reducing power ability of WPD was higher than that of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. The extract chelated 68.9% ferrous ion at the concentration of 4 mg/mL. WPD showed better nitrite scavenging effect at the lower pH. Meanwhile, WPD exhibited a strong capability for DNA damage protection at 1 mg/mL concentration. Taken together, these data suggest water extract from Pinus densiflora could be used as a suitable natural antioxidant.