• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.426-428
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of black raspberry wine which was administered per os on estrogen levels in Splague-Dawley(SD) rats. Black raspberry wine containing 13% alcohol(v/v) was prepared from ripe fruits of Rubus coreanus fermented with Saccharomyces cervisiae. The rats were divided into 2 groups(A and B): The group A received black raspberry wine and the group B received saline for 7 weeks. All animals were bi weekly monitored for estrogen levels by radioimmunoassay using $125^I$ labeled anti-estrogen monospecific antibody. There was a significant(2.02 fold) increase in estrogen levels in the group A with a peak at the 7th week post administration of black raspberry wine. There was no significant change in estrogen levels of the rats in the group B. These data point to uncharacterized phytoestrogenic bioactivity of black raspberry wine that appears to be a useful phytoestrogenic herbal remedy for human health.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modified fasting therapy on the changes of body compositions. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 33 patients, who carried out modified fasting therapy at Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University from January 1st, 2011 to December 30th, 2015. They went through reducing food intakes period (7 days), fasting period (14 days) and refeeding period (14 days). Body compositions (weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) were reviewed at each state. And then the data was analyzed. Results: The body composition values (weight, body mass index [BMI], skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, basal metabolic rate, waist-hip ratio, visceral fat area) decreased during the fasting therapy period, as a whole. The weight, BMI, percent body fat and visceral fat area decreased during the reducing food intakes period, the fasting period and the refeeding period. The skeletal muscle mass and basal metabolic rate significantly decreased during the reducing food intakes period and the fasting period, and insignificantly increased during the refeeding period. Conclusions: Results from this investigation showed that modified fasting therapy using fermented herbal medicine have positive effects on changes of body compositions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), an oriental herbal medicine, has been known to improve liver function, and has both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, little is known about the immune-enhancing effects of PG and its mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fermented PG extract (FPGE), which has increased platycodin D content, activates the immune response in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess reagent. Cytokine messenger RNA levels of were monitored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory actions of FPGE in RAW 264.7 cells, we have conducted luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting. RESULTS: We found that FPGE treatment induced macrophage cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. FPGE also modulated the expression of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. The activation and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were increased by FPGE treatment. Moreover, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, an activator of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), significantly reduced both lipopolysaccharides- and FPGE-induced NF-κB reporter gene activity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest that FPGE may be a novel immune-enhancing agent acting via AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 연근의 건강식품 소재로서의 활용가능성을 확인하기 위하여 연근의 성분분석 및 연근을 이용하여 만든 연근음료 및 연근 발효음료의 항산화효과를 비교하였으며, 고지방식이를 공급한 흰쥐에게 연근음료 및 연근발효음료를 7주간 공급하여 혈청의 지방대사에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 연근음료 및 연근발효음료는 1%에서 각각 25.55%, 23.88%의 항산화 활성을 나타내었고, 10%에서는 각각 87.5%, 95.81%로 항산화 활성이 매우 높게 나타났다. 또한 아질산염 분해활성은 pH 3.0 및 pH 6.0에서 연근음료의 경우 24.97%, 23.73%의 아질산염 분해활성을 나타내었으며, 연근발효음료도 음료의 농도에 비례하여 아질산염 분해활성이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 고지방식이를 먹인 흰쥐에게 연근음료 및 연근발효음료를 7주간 병행 공급하였을 때 1일 체중증가량은 고지방식이 급여 대조군에 비해 감소하였으나 유의적이지는 않았다. 식이효율은 고지방식이를 급여한 실험군 모두가 정상군에 비해 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 체중 100g당 간의 무게는 고지방식이 급여 대조군에 비해 연근음료 투여군은 11.6%, 연근발효음료 투여군은 9.9% 감소하였으나 유의적이지는 않았다. 혈액 중 총 지방함량과 중성지방 함량은 연근음료와 연근발효음료 급여 시 고지방식이 급여 대조군에 비해 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 혈액 중 총콜레스테롤 함량은 연근음료 및 연근발효음료 공급 시 고지방식이 급여 대조군에 비해 유의적인 감소를 나타내었으나 음료 종류에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, it was investigated the effects of solid-phase fermentation extraction with Phellinus linteus of discarded Schisandra chinensis extract (PS) and its action mechanism on dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Methods : In mice, muscle atrophy model was induced by dexamethasone (5 mg/kg, I.p) once daily for 2 weeks and with PS extract administration (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) as treatment groups. The changes in body weights, grip strength, Treadmill test, muscle weights, and the expression of atrophy-related genes were measured in muscle atrophy mice. The histological changes of gastrocnemius tissues were also observed by H&E staining with measurement of myofiber size. Results : The administration of PS extract increased significantly body weights, grip strength, treadmill test and muscle weights in muscle atrophy mice. PS extract administration increased significantly the area of myofibers and inhibited structural damages of muscle and increased significantly the expression of myogenin and decreased significantly the expression of MuRF1, Atrogin1 and phosphorylation of AMPK and PGC1α in muscle tissues of muscle atrophy mice. Conclusions : These results indicate that PS extract has a improvement effects on muscle atrophy with stimulation of myogenic differentiation and inhibition of mRNA degradation that could be related with the activation of AMPK and PGC1α signaling pathways in muscle. This suggests that PS extract can apply to treat muscle atrophy in clinics.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

Beans are well known to be high-protein diets. Bean seeds contain arginine, lysine, or glycine-rich proteins which are effective to maintain lower glucose levels. In this study, the synergistic effect of fermented small soybean (Chounggukjang) and mulberry leaf on metabolism and hexokinase activity was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. We divided 8 groups as follows: non-diabetic rat group fed with only water diet (NC: control), and STZ-induced diabetic rat groups fed with water (DC), fermented Rhynchosia Nulubilis (Bbc), fermented Glycine max Merr (Ybc), Bbc and YBc (BYbc), mulberry leaf and Bbc (MBbc), mulberry leaf and Ybc (MYbc), or the mulberry leaf, Bbc, and Ybc (MBYbc). Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by subcutaneous STZ administration (70 mg/kg of body weight). All diet groups were fed with Chounggukjang in a powder form. Three ml of Chounggukjang solution (0.75 mg per gram of body weight) dissolved in distilled water was orally administered to all rat groups after STZ administration except for NC rat group. In groups fed with fermented soybeans, the body weight (increased), food efficiency ratio (FER) (increased), glucose level (decreased) and hexokinase (HK) activity (increased) significantly differed to NC. Among them, particularly in the groups fed with both fermented soybeans and mulberry leaf, kidney weight significantly decreased, whereas HK activity significantly increased compared to DC. These results suggest that Chounggukjang of both fermented soybeans and mulberry leaf is potentially used as an effective functional food to prevent diabetes complications.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2014

Codonopsis lanceolata has been used as an herbal medicine for several lung inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. Previously, we showed the neuroprotective effect of steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, the treatment of HT22 cells with SFC decreased glutamate-induced cell death, suggesting that SFC protected HT22 cells from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Based on these, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of SFC by measuring the oxidative stress parameters and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in HT22 cells. SFC reduced contents of ROS, $Ca^{2+}$ and NO. Moreover, SFC restored contents of glutathione and glutathione reductase as well as inhibited Bax and caspase-3 activity in HT22 cells. These results indicate that steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) extract protected HT22 cells by anti-oxidative effect and inhibition of the expression of Bax and caspase-3.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Sipjundaebo-tang was a well-known restorative traditional herbal prescription that used to treat anemia, anorexia, fatigue and inflammation. In this study, we examined the bioconversion of compounds in the Sipjundaebo-tang (SJ) and fermented Sipjundaebo-tang with Lactobacillus fermentum KFRI 164 (FSJ) using established HPLC-DAD method. The chromatogram of FSJ has shown that the contents of six bioactive compounds 5-HMF, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, cinnam aldehyde, decursin, glycyrrhizin in SJ has decreased. And the contents of unknown compounds (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) in FSJ were higher than each contents of SJ. The antioxidant activities of SJ and FSJ were conducted by DPPH free radical and Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) scavenging assay. Electron donating activity (EDA, %) value of FSJ has shown higher than 21.9% and 14.5% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging activity and $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity, respectively. Also, the neuroprotective activities of SJ and FSJ against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) were evaluated by MTT assay. As a result, FSJ has shown higher neuroprotective activity than 56.5% comparing with SJ. In conclusion, the fermented SJ using microorganism could convert compounds in SJ and enhance antioxidant activity and neuroprotective activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2010

본 연구는 식용식물로의 가치뿐만 아니라 약용으로 가치가 인정되는 뽕잎에 미생물 생균제를 이용한 뽕잎발효차 개발을 통하여 기능성 소재 개발 및 새로운 제품 개발의 방안을 제시하고자 뽕잎차 및 뽕잎발효차 추출물의 S-180 고형암, 항알레르기 활성을 비교분석 하였다. in vivo 상에서 S-180 고형암 억제 효과는 뽕잎차에서 16.67%, 뽕잎발효차에서 17.78%로 나타났다. 뽕잎차 및 뽕잎발효차 추출물의 항알레르기 효과를 검증한 결과 두 군 모두 에탄올 추출물보다 열수 추출물이 히스타민 분비 억제에 더 효과적이었고, HMC-1의 염증성 cytokine을 측정한 결과 추출물 군에서는 에탄올 추출물이 열수 추출물보다 염증성 cytokine의 억제율이 더 높았고 뽕잎발효차군이 뽕잎차군에 비해 더 효과적이었다. 뽕잎발효차 추출물의 기능성이 더 우수한 것은 발효를 통해 생리활성 물질이 생성된 것이 원인으로 사료되며 이 점에 있어 구체적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.642-652
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• 2018

본 연구는 LPS 처리 큰포식 세포에서 옻 추출물, 옻 첨가 된장 및 간장 추출물의 항염증 및 산화방지 효과를 확인하였다. 염증 반응은 자극이 가해지면 히스타민, 세로토닌, 프로스타글란딘과 같은 혈관 활성물질에 의해 혈관 투과성이 증대되어 염증을 유발하고 사이토카인, 활성산소종, lysosomal enzyme 등 다양한 매개 인자가 관여한다. 자극에 의한 큰포식세포의 염증반응은 $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$와 같은 pro-inflammatory cytokine의 발현이 유도되고, iNOS와 COX-2에 영향을 받는 유전자의 발현을 자극하게 되어 NO 및 $PGE_2$ 등의 염증 인자가 생성된다. 이에 따라 옻 추출물, 옻 첨가 된장 및 간장 추추물의 염증 및 산화방지시스템 관련 유전자 발현을 분석하였다. 그 결과 옻 추출물은 LPS 자극에 의해 생성된 NO, 염증성 사이토카인 및 $PGE_2$의 생성을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 옻 추출물은 산화방지관련 핵 내 전사인자인 Nrf2 및 관련 유전자의 발현에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 옻첨가 된장 및 간장 추출물은 NO 및 염증성 사이토카인의 생성을 억제하였지만, 염증 및 산화방지관련 유전자의 발현에 영향을 미치지는 않았다.