• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2016

In this paper we propose the resource allocation scheme for the overlaid macro-femtocell networks, which considers the type of handovers such as the inter-macrocell, macrocell-to-femtocell, femtocell-to-macrocell, or inter-femtocell in order to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) and expand the accommodation capacity. Our proposed scheme takes into account the movement of mobile terminals, the QoS degradation, or the load control which trigger handovers in the overlaid networks, before it allocates resources dynamically. Moreover it considers QoS requirements of realtime or non-realtime mobile multimedia services such as video communication, Video on Demand (VoD) and dataa services. Simulation results show that our scheme provides better performances than the conventional one with respect to the outage probability, data transmission throughput and handover failure rate.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1236-1239
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a new incentive mechanism for hybrid access in cognitive femtocell networks. The purpose of the proposed incentive mechanism is to guarantee the QoS of macro user equipments (MUEs) and to increase femtocell capacity. MUEs channel condition report triggers bidding procedure by neighbor femtocell base stations (FBS). Macro base station (MBS) can offer some subchannels as rewards to encourage FBSs to reliably support its MUEs. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1535-1554
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• 2016

This paper proposes a novel channel assignment scheme called multi-cluster based dynamic channel assignment (MC-DCA) to improve system performance for the downlink of dense femtocell networks (DFNs) based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and frequency division duplexing (FDD). In order to dynamically assign channels for femtocell access points (FAPs), the MC-DCA scheme uses a heuristic method that consists of two steps: one is a multiple cluster assignment step to group FAPs using graph coloring algorithm with some extensions, while the other is a dynamic subchannel assignment step to allocate subchannels for maximizing the system capacity. Through simulations, we first find optimum parameters of the multiple FAP clustering to maximize the system capacity and then evaluate system performance in terms of the mean FAP capacity, unsatisfied femtocell user equipment (FUE) probability, and mean FAP power consumption for data transmission based on a given FUE traffic load. As a result, the MC-DCA scheme outperforms other schemes in two different DFN environments for commercial and office buildings.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 회사 또는 백화점 등과 같은 고층 건물에 다수의 펨토셀 기지국들(Femtocell base stations, fBSs)이 밀집되어 배치되는 기업형 펨토셀 네트워크(Enterprise femtocell network, EFN) 환경에서 부분 주파수 재사용 (Fractional frequency reuse, FFR) 자원할당 방법을 이용하여 하향링크에 대한 시스템 성능을 분석한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 매크로셀과 펨토셀 사이의 주파수 간섭을 완화시키는 Split reuse 주파수 할당 방법에 대해 소개하고, 이후 EFN의 fBS들에게 주파수 간섭 완화 및 주파수 효율을 극대화할 수 있는 FFR을 이용한 자원할당 방법을 제안한다. 마지막으로 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안하는 FFR 자원할당 방법의 시스템 성능을 분석하고, EFN 환경에서 주파수 재사용 계수(Frequency reuse factor: FRF)를 4로 사용하는 전형적인 FRF 4 방법보다 제안하는 FFR 자원할당 방법이 평균 fUE 용량, 전체 EFN 용량, 그리고 Outage probability 측면에서 우수한 성능임을 보인다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

The deployment of mobile femtocellular networks can enhance the service quality for the users inside the vehicles. The deployment of mobile femtocells generates a lot of handover calls. Also, numbers of group handover scenarios are found in mobile femtocellular network deployment. The ability to seamlessly switch between the femtocells and the macrocell networks is a key concern for femtocell network deployment. However, until now there is no effective and complete handover scheme for the mobile femtocell network deployment. Also handover between the backhaul networks is a major concern for the mobile femtocellular network deployment. In this paper, we propose handover control between the access networks for the individual handover cases. Call flows for the handover between the backhaul networks of the macrocell-to-macrocell case are proposed in this paper. We also propose the link switching for the FSO based backhaul networks. The proposed resource allocation scheme ensures the negligible handover call dropping probability as well as higher bandwidth utilization.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 먼저 최근 급격히 증가하는 모바일 데이터 트래픽을 오프로드(Offload)시키는 Local IP Access(LIPA) 기술을 펨토셀 네트워크와 함께 소개한다. 이후, 전형적인 이동통신 시스템, 펨토셀 기반 시스템, 그리고 펨토셀과 LIPA를 함께 이용하는 시스템에서 댁내 모바일 데이터 트래픽을 전송할 때, 트래픽 전송시간과 이동통신 사업자망으로 전송되는 모바일 데이터 트래픽 확률에 대한 성능을 분석한다. 분석결과를 통해 차세대 이동통신 시스템에서 펨토셀과 LIPA를 함께 이용하면 이동통신 사업자망으로 전송되는 모바일 데이터 트래픽 부하를 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 댁내 모바일 트래픽의 전송시간을 크게 줄이는 효과도 얻을 수 있음을 보인다. 즉, 전형적인 이동통신 시스템과 펨토셀 기반 시스템은 펨토셀과 LIPA를 함께 이용하는 시스템보다 인터넷 지연시간이 10ms에서 약 3배와 4배 정도 길었고, 인터넷 지연시간이 100ms에서 약 14배와 26배 정도 긴 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.312-320
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• 2013

Home evolved Node-B (HeNB), also called a femtocell or a femto base station, is introduced to provide high data rate to indoor users. However, two main problems arise in femtocell networks: (1) Small coverage area of HeNB, which results in limited cell-splitting gain and ping-pong handover (HO) problems and (2) high inter-femtocell interference because HeNBs may be densely deployed in a small region. In this study, an efficient cooperation mechanism called an HeNB-aided virtual-HO (HaVHO) scheme is proposed to expand the coverage area of femtocells and to reduce inter-femtocell interference. The cooperation among neighbor HeNBs is exploited in HaVHO by enabling an HeNB to relay the data of its neighbor HeNB without an HO. The HaVHO procedure is compatible with the existing long term evolution specification, and the information exchange overhead in HaVHO is relatively low. To estimate the signal to interference plus noise ratio improvement, the area average channel state metric is proposed, and the amount of user throughput enhancement by HaVHO is derived. System-level simulation shows that HaVHO has a better performance than the other four schemes, such as lesser radio link failure, lesser ping-pong handover, lesser short-stay handover, and higher user throughput.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.2597-2615
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• 2013

This paper proposes a dynamic downlink load control scheme that jointly employs dynamic load threshold management and virtual coverage management schemes to reduce the degree of performance degradation due to traffic overload in two-tier femtocell networks. With the proposed scheme, the downlink load in a serving macrocell is controlled with a load threshold which is adjusted dynamically depending on the varying downlink load conditions of neighboring macrocells. In addition, traffic overloading is alleviated by virtually adjusting the coverage of the overloaded serving macrocell, based on the adjusted load threshold of the serving macrocell. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the performance of two-tier femtocell networks in terms of the outage probability and sum throughput. This improvement is significantly increased with appropriate values of load thresholds and with an intermediate-level adjustment of the virtual coverage area (i.e., handover hysteresis margin: HOM). Furthermore, the proposed scheme outperforms both a previously proposed load control scheme with a static load threshold and the LTE system without a HOM adjustment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.2530-2547
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• 2015

In the recent years, femtocell technology has received a considerable attention due to the ability to provide an efficient indoor wireless coverage as well as enhanced capacity. However, under the spectrum sharing between femtocell user equipment (FUEs) and the owner of spectrum macrocell user equipment (MUEs), both may experience higher uplink interference to each other. This paper proposes a novel distributed power control algorithm for the interference management in two-tier femtocell networks. Due to the assignment of licensed radio frequency to the outdoor macrocell users, the access priority of MUEs should be higher than FUEs. In addition, the quality of service (QoS) of MUEs that is expressed in the target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) must always be achieved. On the other hand, we consider an efficient QoS provisioning cost function for the low-tier FUEs. The proposed algorithm requires only local information and converges even in cases where the frontiers of available power serve the target SINRs impossible. The advantage of the algorithm is the ability to implement in a distributed manner. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm based on our cost function provides effective resource allocation and substantial power saving as compared to the traditional algorithms.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권10호
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• pp.865-873
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 펨토셀을 채택한 셀룰러 통신망에서 매크로셀 사용자를 보호하기 위한 새로운 분산식 펨토셀 전송전력 제어 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법에서, 인근의 펨토셀로부터 심한 간섭을 받는 매크로셀 사용자는 그 사실을 매크로셀 기지국을 통해 해당 펨토셀 기지국에게 알린다. 펨토셀 기지국은 전송전력을 감소시켜 매크로셀 사용자를 보호한다. 제안된 기법은 매크로셀 기지국, 매크로셀 사용자 및 펨토셀 기지국 간에 교환해야 할 제어 정보가 많지 않고, 펨토셀 기지국의 계산량이 적어서 구현이 용이한 장점을 가진다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면, 제안된 기법은 그 단순함에도 불구하고 최소한의 펨토셀 사용자의 성능 열화를 대가로 탁월한 매크로셀 성능 향상을 달성한다.