• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2015

The proliferation of the Internet and communication technologies and applications, besides the conventional retailers, has led to a new form of distribution channel, namely home sopping through the telephone, TV, catalog or the Internet. The conventional and new distribution channels have different transaction costs perceived by the consumers in the following perspectives: the accessibility to the product information, the traffic cost and the opportunity cost for the time to visit the store, the possibility of 'touch and feel' to test the quality of the product, the delivery time and the concern for the security for the personal information. Difference in the transaction costs between the distribution channels results in the different selling prices even for the same product. Moreover, distribution channels with different selling prices necessarily result in different business surpluses. In this paper, we study the multilateral bargaining strategy of a manufacturer who sells a product through multiple distribution channels with different transaction costs. We first derive the Nash equilibrium solutions for both simultaneous and sequential bargaining games. The numerical analyses for the Nash equilibrium solutions show that the optimal bargaining strategy of the manufacturer heavily depends not only on the degree of competition between the distribution channels but on the difference of the business surpluses of the distribution channels. First, it is shown that there can be four types of locally optimal bargaining strategies if we assume the market powers of the manufacturer over the distribution channels can be different. It is also shown that, among the four local optimal bargaining strategies, simultaneous bargaining with the distribution channels is the most preferred bargaining strategy for the manufacturer.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2019

1인가구의 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 연령층은 60대 이상의 노인이다. 그들의 상당수가 경제적으로 어려운 상황에 처해있어 낙후된 주거공간에 거주한다. 노인의 주거공간의 창문은 존재하지 않거나 창문으로써의 역할을 제대로 하지 못하는 경우가 많다. 그들은 우울증, 고독사 등 사회적 문제에 취약한 상태로 노출되어 있다. 그래서 비상상황에 대한 대처능력이 현저히 떨어진다. 본 논문은 낙후된 주거공간에 거주하는 1인가구 중 60대 이상 노인을 대상으로 하는 외부 환경 정보 반영 대화형 창문 인터페이스를 제안한다. 본 콘텐츠는 별도의 공간과 비용이 요구되지 않는 보급형 TV 혹은 PC 모니터를 활용한다. 노인이 사용하는데 어려움이 없는 직관적인 터치센싱을 통해 손을 인식하면 현재 외부 환경을 반영하는 날씨 영상, 온도 정보를 제공한다. 보다 중요한 노인의 비상상황에 대비하여 알림소리, SMS전송 서비스를 제공한다. 본 콘텐츠를 통해 사용자는 정서적 안정을 느낄 수 있고 비상상황에 빠르게 대처할 수 있다.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.480-490
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• 2003

An innovative biopolymer known as the Rhizobian gum has been developed in France, which shows some dramatic refreshing effect on the skin. The origin of this innovative project takes its source in the natural environment, and in particular the natural environment of the roots of sunflowers and wheat, where a symbiotic bacterium has been discovered. It is a Rhizobium bacterium, which is hosted by the roots, and which is able to synthesize a specific polymer showing a dramatic water binding capacity. This polymer is in particular synthesized in period of drought, and its biological role is to concentrate the small amount water present in the soil in order to take it available for the root, which becomes then able to absorb it. This vital mechanism allows the plant to survive despite a severe climatic environment. This basic research has been conducted in collaboration whit the French National centre of scientific Research (CNRS), and has lead to the isolation of the Rhizobium bacteria. Rhizobian gum is a branched biopolymer consisting in the repetition of a polysaccharide unit of 3 molecules of glucose, 3 molecules of galactose and 1 molecule of glucuronic acid, whit one pyruvate group an average 1.6 acetyl groups. The fresh effect of Rhizobian gum is a strong sensorial impact that 100 ％ of the consumers are able to perceive, and which is judged very pleasant by most of them. In addition to this, a large majority of consumers are perceived, and which is judge very pleasant by most of them. In addition to this, a large majority of consumers also feel a very pleasant relaxing sensation. Smoothness and softness are also felt by most consumers and qualified positively by most of them. These qualities guarantee a strong impact on today's consumers.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.50-60
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• 2003

An innovative biopolymer known as the Rhizobian gum has been developed in France, which shows some dramatic refreshing effect on the skin. The origin of this innovative project takes its source in the natural environment, and in particular the natural environment of the roots of sunflowers and wheat, where a symbiotic bacterium has been discovered. It is a Rhizobium bacterium, which is hosted by the roots, and which is able to synthesize a specific polymer showing a dramatic water binding capacity. This polymer is in particular synthesized in period of drought, and its biological role is to concentrate the small amount water present in the soil in order to take it available for the root, which becomes then able to absorb it. This vital mechanism allows the plant to survive despite a severe climatic environment. This basic research has been conducted in collaboration whit the French National centre of scientific Research (CNRS), and has lead to the isolation of the Rhizobium bacteria. Rhizobian gum is a branched biopolymer consisting in the repetition of a polysaccharide unit of 3 molecules of glucose, 3 molecules of galactose and 1 molecule of glucuronic acid, whit one pyruvate group an average 1.6 acetyl groups. The fresh effect of Rhizobian gum is a strong sensorial impact that 100 ％ of the consumers are able to perceive, and which is judged very pleasant by most of them. In addition to this, a large majority of consumers are perceived, and which is judge very pleasant by most of them. In addition to this, a large majority of consumers also feel a very pleasant relaxing sensation. Smoothness and softness are also felt by most consumers and qualified positively by most of them. These qualities guarantee a strong impact on today's consumers.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.107-128
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• 2009

Literature had been at center-stage in the traditional grammar-translation-focused English classrooms up to the mid-twentieth century. As the Audiolingual Method and the Communicative Language Teaching have gained popularity in the English classrooms, however, literature has receded into the background of English education. The main reasons for using literary texts in the English classrooms for communication-focused English instruction need to be examined. First of all, students can come in touch with the subtle and varied uses of language through literature-based teaching. They also feel close to certain characters in the literary work and share the emotional reponses with them. They get personally involved in the plot of the story. Universal human experience and cultural enrichment are two other merits which can be conferred on students by literary texts. Such linguistic and literary experiences can be significantly integrated into the literature-based instruction. More significantly, the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) can be combined with one another and integrated into a literature-focused curriculum for English education. The value of literary texts in the English classrooms can be clearly demonstrated by effective ways of using such texts as Charlotte's Web for integrated instruction. The full array of benefits that literature can bring to English instruction, however, has yet to be fully realized. These potentials need to be materialized into classroom practice.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.963-975
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to call attention to the mental, physical and occupational hazards of the anticancer-drug-handling nurses by examining the possible urinary mutagenicity and measuring physical symptoms and stress level of the nurses exposed to anticancer drugs. The experimental group of the urinary mutagenicity assay was 14 nurses handling anticancer drugs at the medical wards of a hospital located in J city ; the control group was 12 psychiatric nurses of the same hospital. The test material was the nurses' 24hrs urine, which was concentrated by XAD-2 column chromatography. Tester strains were TA98(±S9 mix), TA100(±S9 mix), TA1535(±S9 mix) and TA1537(±S9 mix) ; Salmonella mammalian-microsomal test(Ames test) was employed for the urinary mutagenicity assay. The physical symptoms of which the nurses experienced were investigated through self-reports on open-questionnaires. The stress levels of the experimental group were measured by a stress measuring instrument developed by this author. Reliability of this instrument was found to be adequate (Cronbach's Alpha=0.9079). To ascertain the urinary mutagenicity of the experimental group, the mean and the standard deviation of the colonies of Tester strains appearing on the minimal plates were taken and compared differences between two groups. T-test was employed for the significance test of two groups. The physical symptoms were compared between the two groups through the analysis of the nurse' self-reports. The mean and standard deviation of the stress levels of the experimental group were also calculated and were examined through t-test. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The experimental group revealed significantly higher urinary mutagenicity both in the activation method test and the non-activation method test of the tester strains TA98, TA100 and TA1535. In the case of TA1537, two groups showed no difference in the non-activation method test, but the activation method revealed difference. 2. The physical symptoms were also much more frequently reported in the experimental group. 79.3% of the experimental group reported more than 1 kind of physical symptoms. On the other hand, 33.2% of the control group complained of 1 kind of physical symptom. The items with high symptom frequency were 'headache', 'itching sensation', 'corneal congestion', 'skin allergy' 3. The mean score of stress in the experimental group was 2.41(range 1-4). The experimental group showed the stress level above 2.0 in the 14 of 15 items in all. The highest stress level were recorded in the following items in the order quoted, 'I fear that anticancer drug may touch any part of body while handling it.', 'I feel concerned there is no protective countermeasure against anticancer drug handling.', 'I am afraid the anticancer drug handling may produce a fetal loss in the future'.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2018

고분자 단독으로는 얻을 수 없는 다양한 물성을 얻기 위하여 두 가지 이상의 고분자를 블렌드하는 기법을 많이 사용하고 있다. 폴리올레핀계 TPE(Thermoplastic Elastomer)는 디스플레이, 자동차, 가전제품 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 소비자는 고감성이고 고급화된 자동차 내장부품을 요구한다. 높은 폼형성도와 흐름성이 있는 고분자소재 개발이 필요하다. 내부에 폼층이 있는 TPE은 좋은 고분자소재이다. 두 종류의 TPE 소재를 개발하였다. 첫번째 소재는 Homo-PP(PolyPropylelne)에 SEBS/Oil을 혼합하였고, 두 번째 소재는 Co-PP와 SEBS/Oil을 혼합하였다. 혼합온도는 $180^{\circ}C$, $190^{\circ}C$. $260^{\circ}C$(두번째 소재), 혼합속도는 50rpm, 혼합시간은 5분이다. TPE의 MI(Melt Index)는 PP의 MI에 영향이 있고, 혼합온도의 영향은 미미하였다. 경도와 인장탄성률은 PP의 MI와 혼합온도의 영향은 적었으나, SEBS/Oil의 비율이 높아지면 낮아졌다. 소프트터치감은 SEBS/Oil의 비율이 증가하면 증대하였다. TPE릉 자일렌으로 SEBS/Oil 층을 녹여내어 IPN(Interpenentration polymer network) 구조를 확인할 수 있었으며, Strain-harding 현상도 확인하였다. 제조한 TPE가 고무현상을 보이고, 생성된 closed cell이 안정한 상태임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.338-350
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• 2017

강릉의 기존 해돋이 축제와 단오축제에서 벗어나 새롭게 시작하고 있는 커피축제가 2016년 부로 8회 차를 맞고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 강릉지역의 커피축제를 대한민국 대표축제로 발전하기 위해 전통적인 예향의 도시에서 벗어나 젊고 밝은 이미지를 부각시킬 수 있는 시스템을 마련하기 위해 커피축제참가자의 서비스품질, 지각된 가치, 만족, 충성도의 영향관계를 구조방정식 모형을 통해 조사하였다. 본 연구는 2016 강릉커피축제행사에 온 623명의 관광객을 중심으로 설문조사를 통해 수행되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서비스 품질요인은 축제프로그램과 이미지, 축제장소와 음식, 축제안내와 진행의 3개의 요인으로 구분되었다. 신뢰도 분석은 3개 요인 모두 0.8이상 높은 신뢰성을 나타났다. 둘째, 축제의 서비스품질은 지각된 가치, 만족도, 충성도에 일부항목을 제외하고는 전반적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지각된 가치는 만족도와 충성도에 각각 영향을 미치는가에 대해 만족도에만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 축제의 만족도는 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과로부터 시사점을 제시하면 강릉커피축제의 다양한 프로그램을 통한 커피문화거리를 조성하고, 커피도시로서의 가능성을 부각시킬 수 있는 킬러콘텐츠를 확보해야 한다. 또한 관광객으로 하여금 보고, 만지고, 느끼는 체험요소가 필요하다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.126-143
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the grade of practical use, the important element and the significant characteristics of Sasangin' s face, voice, skin and pulse diagnostic impression, in Sasang constitutional clinical diagnosis. 2. Methods We analysed the survey data about Sasangin' s face, voice, skin and pulse diagnostic impression, drawn up by specialist in Sasang constitutional medicine. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) In the application degree of face feature, the case which it was applied with 20-40% and 40-60% were 16 people(43.2%) respectively. In voice, the case applied with 0-20% was 19 people(51.4%), in skin, 0-20% and 20-40% were 14 people(37.8%) respectively and in pulse diagnosis, 0-20% were 25 people(73.0%). (2) In constitutional diagnosis, the important element of face were 'frontal whole shape', 'whole impression' and 'size and shape of eye, ear, mose and mouth', the important element of voice 'speed of speech', 'purity and impurity' and 'pitch', the important element of skin 'thickness', 'feel of touch' and 'size of skin pores' and the important element of pulse diagnosis 'speed of pulse', 'sinking and floating' and 'weakness and firmness'. (3) The important face characteristics of Taeyangin were 'bright eye', 'broad forehead' and 'strong impression', Soyangin 'protruding forehead', 'thin and small lips', 'narrowing and sharp chin', Taeumin 'thick lips', 'flat face', 'large eye, nose, ear and mouth' and Soeumin 'long and slender face', 'downward slanting eyes' and 'small eye, nose, ear and mouth', The important voice characteristics of Taeyangin were 'loud' and 'clear', Soyangin 'rapid' and 'high-pitched tone', Taeumin 'chick', 'slow' and 'low-pitched tone' and Soeumin 'small and feeble' and 'slow'. The important skin characteristics of Taeyangin were 'thin' and 'white', Soyangin 'thin', 'smooth' and 'elastic', Taeumin 'thick', 'large skin-pore', 'coarse' and Soeumin 'soft', 'thin' and 'subtle skin-pore'. The important pulse characteristics of Taeyangin were 'rapid' and 'large', Soyangin 'rapid' and 'floating', Taeumin 'tense', 'long' and 'solid' and Soeumin 'fine', 'weak' and 'slow'.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2016

기술격차 감소로 인해 제품 차별화를 위한 인지 감성적 제품설계가 중요해지고 있다. 성별, 연령 등 다양한 사용자이 느끼는 감각(시각, 청각, 촉각 등), 인지(주의력, 기억력 등), 감성(심미성, 기능성 등)을 고려하기 위한 데이터베이스와 제품설계 가이드라인이 필요하다. 여러 실험으로부터 도출된 사용자 특성정보는 제품의 설계 및 평가 시 주요한 지표로 사용되고 있으며, 이를 저장할 통합적 인지 감성 데이터베이스를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 인지 감성적 제품설계 지원을 위한 사용자 특성정보 메타데이터를 설계하고 프로토 타입 시스템으로 구축하였다. 감각, 인지, 감성에 관련된 기존 문헌들을 조사하고 분류하여 인지, 감성 유형별로 반영할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 제품설계/평가에 필요한 다양한 사용자 특성정보를 RDF 형식의 설계하였고, 설계된 메타데이터에 따라 인지, 감성에 관련된 사용자 특성정보를 저장할 수 있도록 프로토 타입 시스템을 구축하였다.