• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2003

Oil palm fronds (OPF) are one of the main by-products of the oil palm industry in Malaysia. It contains about 38.5 % crude fibre with ME values of about 5.65 MJ/kg dry matter. OPF has great potential to be utilized as a roughage source or as a component in a complete feed for ruminant animals. This paper briefly reviews the availability of OPF in Malaysia and its importance in the local beef and dairy industry. About 26 million metric tonnes of OPF are produced on dry matter basis annually during pruning and replanting operations in the plantations. The nutritive value of OPF and studies to improve its feeding value is highlighted. The optimum level of inclusion for ruminant feeding is 30 % and improvement to intake and digestibility can be further enhanced with addition of other oil-palm by-products. Performances of beef and dairy cattle fed fresh OPF or as silage, pellets and cubes are shown. Good quality OPF silage can be produced without using any additive and the significant improvement on the rate of growth and milk yield were shown. With good formulations, OPF based diets can allow live weight gains of between 600-850 g/day and for local crossbred dairy animals, milk yield of about 11.1 to 20.3 liter/day can be obtained. Pellet based on ground OPF seemed to be less well utilized for ruminant feeding due to its smaller particle size. OPF based cubes which have longer particle size is more suitable for beef and dairy cattle. Long-term feeding of OPF based feeds have been shown to produce good quality carcasses, and the meat is safe for consumption.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1986

Pteridium sp.의 농축추출액(濃縮抽出液)을 흰쥐에게 7주간(週間) 주입(注入)하여 혈청지질(血淸脂質)과 지질과산물(脂質過酸物) 및 간조직지질과산물(肝組織脂質過酸化物)의 변화(變化)를 분석(分析)하여 다음의 결과(結果)를 득(得)했다. 7주(週)의 혈청중성지방양(血淸中性脂肪量)은 비교군(比較群)이나, 제(第)3주(週)의 1, 2 군(群)의 그것보다 크게 많이 증가(增加)했다. 혈청체난지방(血淸遞難脂肪) 및 혈청주산화물(血淸週酸化物)(T-BA 치(値))양(量)은 각군별(各群別) 및 3주(週), 7주(週) 연령간(年令間)에 별(別) 변화차(變化差)가 없었다. 간조치(肝組熾)의 지질주산화물(脂質週酸化物)(TBA) 7주연령(週年令)이 3주(週)에 비(比)하여 크게 증가(增加)하였다. 단(但), 1, 2 군간(群間)의 차(差)는 크지 않았다. 여기서 이 추출물(抽出物) 또는 그 식품(食品)의 섭취(攝取)가 주량(週量)으로 장기간(長期間) 계속되지 않는 한(限) 생체(生體) 미치는 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 사료(思料)됨

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2014

One of the major challenges in metabolic engineering for enhanced synthesis of value-added chemicals is to design and develop new strains that can be translated into well-controlled fermentation processes using bioreactors. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of various fed-batch strategies in the performance of metabolically engineered Pseudomonas putida strains, ${\Delta}gcd$ and ${\Delta}gcd-pgl$, for improving production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) using glucose as the only carbon source. First we developed a fed-batch process that comprised an initial phase of biomass accumulation based on an exponential feeding carbon-limited strategy. For the mcl-PHA accumulation stage, three induction techniques were tested under nitrogen limitation. The substrate-pulse feeding was more efficient than the constant-feeding approach to promote the accumulation of the desirable product. Nonetheless, the most efficient approach for maximum PHA synthesis was the application of a dissolved-oxygen-stat feeding strategy (DO-stat), where P. putida ${\Delta}gcd$ mutant strain showed a final PHA content and specific PHA productivity of 67% and $0.83g{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$, respectively. To our knowledge, this mcl-PHA titer is the highest value that has been ever reported using glucose as the sole carbon and energy source. Our results also highlighted the effect of different fed-batch strategies upon the extent of realization of the intended metabolic modification of the mutant strains.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the empirical cause-effect relationships among business ethical values and person-organization fit, job satisfaction, turnover intent, and organizational performance within family restaurants and feeding facilities. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 459 restaurant employees. The SPSS and Amos programs were then applied to the data to perform frequency, factor, reliability, correlation and SEM analyses. The primary results are as follows. First, business ethical values had a significant positive effect on person-organization fit. Second, person-organization fit had a significant positive effect on job satisfaction, and a significant negative effect on turnover intent. Third, job satisfaction had a significant positive effect, and turnover intent had a significant negative effect, on organizational performance. Finally, upon verifying the possible direct and indirect effects of business ethical values within family restaurants and feeding facilities, it was determined that the ethical values had significant direct and indirect effects on person-organization fit, job satisfaction, turnover intent, and organizational performance. These findings have various implications. For example, an improved in-house ethical working environment leads to greaterperson-organization fit, and having employees that feel there is better in-house ethical reliability leads to greater consistency between personal and organizational values, resulting in higher job satisfaction and ultimately organizational performance.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.84-95
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• 1989

한국(韓國) 동남해역(東南海城)의 대륙붕(大陸棚)에서 채집된 저서다모류(底棲多毛類)를 대상으로 Fauchald와 Jumars(1979)에 의해 제기된 다모류(多毛類)의 식이조합(食餌組合)(feeding guild)을 조사하고, 이들 식이조합(食餌組合)과 환경(環境)과의 관계(關係)를 논의(論議)하였다. 본 조사해역(調査海域)의 주요 식이조합(食餌組合)들로는 BSX(표층하퇴적물식자(表層下堆積物食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 무악(無顎)), SDT(표층퇴적물식자(表層堆積物食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 유촉수(有觸手)), SST(표층퇴적물식자(表層堆積物食者), 고착성(固着性), 유촉수(有觸手)), BMJ(표층하퇴적물식자(表層下堆積物食者), 운동성(運動性), 유악(有顎), BMX(표층하퇴적물식자(表層下堆積物食者), 운동성(運動性), 무악(無顎)) 및 SDJ(표층퇴적물식자(表層堆積物食者), (半運動性), 유악(有顎)) 등이었다. 식이조합(食餌組合)들과 퇴적물(堆積物)의 평균입도(平均粒度)간의 관계(關係)에 있어서는 SST와 BMJ는 양(陽)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보인 반면에, CDJ(육식자(肉食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 유악(有顎))와 FDT(부유물식자(浮遊物食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 유촉수(有觸手)) 등은 음(陰)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다. CDJ와 CMX(육식자(肉食者), 운동성(運動性), 무악(無顎))은 사질함량(砂質含量)에, SST는 점토질함량(粘土質含量)과 양(陽)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다. 퇴적물(堆積物)의 분급도(分級度) 역시 표층퇴적물식자(表層堆積物食者)와 부유물식자(浮遊物食者) 또는 고착성(固着性) 및 촉수(觸手)를 가진 식이조합(食餌組合)들과 약간의 양(陽)의 상관성을 보였다. 본 조사해역(調査海域)의 상비적(像備的)인 다모류(多毛類) 식이역(食餌域) (feeding surfaces)으로서 다음과 같이 4가지로 구분될 수 있었다. 즉, 니질퇴적상(泥質堆積相)을 보인 연안역(沿岸域)의 남북(南北)지역에는 SDJ가, 연안역(沿岸域)의 중앙해역(中央海域)에는 SDT, BSX 및 BMX 등이 우점(優點)하였고, 외해역(外海域)의 북(北)쪽에 위치한 니질(泥質)의 대륙붕단(大陸棚端)에는 SST 식이조합(食餌組合)이, 남부(南部) 외해역의 사질퇴적상(砂質堆積相)에는 SDJ와 IDT(부유(浮遊) 및 퇴적물식자(堆積物食者), 반운동성(半運動性), 유촉수(有觸手)) 식이조합(食餌組合)이 점유하였다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

Early growth, the rate of yolk sac absorption, and nucleus size in liver parenchymal cells were correlated with the nutritional status of first feeding larval haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Larvae that successfully began exogenous feeding maintained high growth rates, delayed yolk sac resorption, and had larger hepatocyte nuclear sizes than starved larvae. At 10 days post hatch (DPH) the cumulative mortality in the starved larval haddock group was 100%. The area of the hepatocyte nuclei in starved larvae gradually decreased, reaching its lowest value by 9 DPH. Our results support the current practice of providing the first food supply at 3 DPH. Hepatocyte nuclear size can be used to assess larval haddock nutrition status, and may be a good criterion for assessing the success of transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.108-110
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• 2000

A 12-w feeding trial was conducted with 600 38-wk-old layers to evaluate the nutritive value of high oil corn(HOC) in layer diets. For the control, a commercial corn-soybean meal basal diet was used. An iso-calorie diet(HOC-ISO) was prepared replacing corn with HOC in the control diet. In addition a third diet was prepared by simply replacing corn with HOC on 1:1 basis to give a high energy diet(HOC-1:1). There were 5 replicates per treatment, and 40 birds per replicate. Birds were housed in an open-sided layer house equipped with wire cages. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, and 17L:7D lighting program was adopted. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found among dietary treatments in laying performance. Also physical qualities of eggs were not significantly affected by the feeding of HOC. Although not significant, HOC-ISO tended to improve the laying rate during the summer. The HOC feeding significantly increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in egg yolk, especially the linoleic acid The AME contents of Chinese yellow corn, U.S. corn, and HOC were 3177, 3158 and 3387 kcal/kg respectively.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1988

An experiment was conducted to determine the feeding value of Arundinella hirat silage making by different methods ie., added starch 3%, formic acid 1% (FA), anhydrous ammonia ($NH_3$) 3%, and dried poultry waste (DPW) 3%. The samples were analyzed organic acid, cell wall constituent (NDF), cell contents (NDS), lignincutin-silica (ADL), hemicellulose (H: CHO) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) by pepsin-cellulase technique. The feeding value of silages were compared with corn siiage. The results are summarized as follows; 1.Formic acid treated to silage was lower pH(4.0), but anhydrous ammonia (8.37) and DPW added silage (8.72) were higher than that of the other treatment silages. 2.Fermentative quality of corn silage, starch, DPW, $NH_3$, control and FA treated silage were marked 100,81, 77,63,62 and 58, respectively. 3.Silage with $NH_3$, (23.57%) and DPW (10.42%) of content of protein were higher than that of other treated silages. 4.Silage with $NH_3$, was significantly lower contents of NDF, but did not ADF of among the treated silages. 5.In the contents of ADL, starch added silage was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), but did not the other treatment. 6.DMD of in vitro by pepsin-cellulase of silage with starch was increased three folds as equal to corn silage but did not increased the other treated silages. 7.Correlationship of latic acid an total acid, and NDS were a positive but lactic acid and NDF was a negative correlation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 1979

To investigate the feeding value of the concentrated feedstuff including the Korean ginseng meal instead of wheat bran, Holstein milk cows were fed by this feedstuff (10kg/day) for 80 days, and the amounts of milk production and quality of milk were checked. The results are as follows: 1. Milk production of cows fed by the concentrated feedstuff including the ginseng meal was increased as averaged as 1.25kg/day compared with those of controlled cows during same period(SA) and before feeding treatment (SB). Significant different of milk production was found between cows treated and cows of SB plot, but there was no significant difference of milk production between cows treated and cows of SA plot. 2. Milk fat content was significantly increased as moth as 0.22%, 0.69% and 0.455% by the feeding of ginseng meal compared with that of SB Plat and that of SA Plot, and as average value, respectively. 3. Solid not fat (SNF) of milk from cows fed by the ginseng meal was also significantly increased as much as 0.845%, 1.339% and 1.0925 tempered with these of cows before treatment (SB) and cows controlled (SA), and as average value, respectively. 4. Specific gravity of milk produced from cows treated was higher as average as 0.0055 than those of controlled plots (SA and SB). Significant difference of specific gravity was found between cows treated and cows of SA plot, but there was no significant difference between tows treated and cods of SB plot. 5. Acidity of milk produced from cows treated was lower as averaged as 0.0045 than those of controlled plots (SA and SB). Significant difference between cows treated and cows of SA plot was found, but there was no significant difference between cows treated and cows treated and cows of SB plot.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.296-300
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• 2005

Human-induced soil salinity is becoming a major threat to agriculture across the world. This salinisation occurs in both irrigated and rain-fed agricultural zones with the highest proportions in the arid and semi-arid environments. Livestock can play an important role in the management and rehabilitation of this land. There are a range of plants that grow in saline soils and these have been used as animal feed. In many situations, animal production has been poor as a result of low edible biomass production, low nutritive value, depressed appetite, or a reduction in efficiency of energy use. Feeding systems are proposed that maximise the feeding value of plants growing on saline land and integrate their use with other feed resources available within mixed livestock and crop farming systems. Salt-tolerant pastures, particularly the chenopod shrubs, have moderate digestible energy and high crude protein. For this reason they represent a good supplement for poor quality pastures and crop residues. The use of salt-tolerant pasture systems not only provides feed for livestock but also may act as a bio-drain to lower saline water tables and improve the soil for growth of alternative less salt tolerant plants. In the longer term there are opportunities to identify and select more appropriate plants and animals for saline agriculture.