• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.219-231
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was designed to determine the effects of the GGEx18 ethyl acetate fraction(EF) on body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio, and obesity-related factors in plasma as well as histology of liver and adipose tissues using high fat diet-fed male C57BL/6N obese mice. Methods : 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, EF(1), EF(2) and EF(3). After mice were treated with EF for 9 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma leptin and lipid levels. We also analysed histology of liver and adipose tissues on high fat diet-fed male C57BL/6N obese mice. Results : Compared with control, EF-treated mice had significantly lower body weight gain and feeding efficiency ratio. Consistent with the effects on body weight gain, EF significantly decreased the adipose tissue weight compared with control. Consistent with the effects on feeding efficiency ratio, EF significantly decreased plasma leptin concentrations compared with control. EF reduced the size of adipocytes as well as hepatic lipid accumulation compared with control. EF seems to be safe since not only the plasma levels of ALT and AST are within the normal range, but also EF did not show any toxic effects on organs. EF(3) was most effective among EF(1), EF(2), and EF(3) at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that EF effectively reduces body weight gain, feeding efficiency ratio in high fat diet-fed obese mice, leading to the modulation of obesity. In addition, EF decreases the size of adipocytes and improves plasma lipids and controls hepatic lipid accumulation, suggesting that EF may act as a therapeutic agent for obesity.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2004

The effect of feeding extracts from rhus trees on performance of broiler were performed to investigate development of natural antibiotic in process of broilers production. A total of 320 broiler chicks at 7 day of age were fed the commercial diet and water, water containing 0 ppm (control), 300 ppm (T1), 600 ppm (T2) and 1000 ppm (T3) of extracts from rims trees for 7 weeks. The body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improvement by feeding extracts from rims trees at 7 to 21 days of age (P<0.05), but amount of feed intake and mortality were not different among the four group. When 21 to 35 days of age, body weight gain, amount of feed intake, feed conversion ratio and mortality were almost same results when 7 to 21days of age, but it was not significantly different. When 35 to 49 days of age, body weight gain in T1 and T3 group was significantly improvement than control group (P<0.05), also feed conversion ratio was improve by feeding extracts from rhus trees. There was a decrease in the microflora population of both E coli. and salmonella in the cecum contents and feaces in broilers by feeding extracts from rhus trees. Emission of ammonia and VFA gas from excreta were significantly decreased at 5 to 10 days of storaged period (P<0.05). The digestibility of dry matter, crude fat, and crude ash of feed were tend to increased in broiler feeding extracts from rims trees. Digestibility of crude protein of feed in broiler three treatmental groups was significantly improved (P<0.05) as compared with those in control group. These results indicated that the feeding extracts from rhus trees of 300 to 1000 ppm of broiler production were improvement in th6 body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality due to increasing nutrients digestibility from feed, decreasing of microflora population of both E coll. and salmonella in the cecum contents and feaces, decreasing emission of ammonia and VFA gas from excreta.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2015

This study investigated the general status of tube feeding for intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients and evaluated the consequent nutritional status of patients. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of a general hospital located in Daegu metropolitan city. The subjects of this study were 80 adult patients who had been admitted to the ICU of a hospital, received fed tube feeding, and then been discharged. The differences in nutrition screening indicators, including percentage ideal body weight (PIBW), serum albumin, hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count, and total cholesterol, before and after tube feeding according to body mass index (BMI) or nutrient feeding levels were investigated. The ratios of actually provided amounts to calorie and protein requirements of patients were $72.8{\pm}15.8%$ and $72.6{\pm}19.8%$, respectively. The change in PIBW before and after tube feeding was significantly different among the BMI groups (P<0.01). The change in hemoglobin concentration before and after tube feeding was also significantly different among the BMI groups (P<0.01). When subjects were divided into three groups (<60%, 60~79%, ${\geq}80%$) according to the ratio of actually provided calories to required calories, there was no significant difference in nutrition screening indicators before and after tube feeding. When the subjects were divided into three groups (<60%, 60~79%, ${\geq}80%$) according to the ratio of actually provided protein to required protein, serum albumin concentration showed a significant difference among the groups before and after tube feeding (P<0.05). Therefore, an intensive nutrition intervention program would be needed for the nutritional improvement of ICU inpatients receiving tube feeding.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

유체 공급배관내의 압력진동을 감쇠할 수 있는 방법으로 배관내에 오리피스를 설치하는 방법을 채택하여, 그 압력진동 감쇠효과를 수치해석을 통해 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는, 압력진동의 진폭이 작다는 가정에 기초하여 오리피스의 음향학적 감쇠효과에 초점을 맞추었다. 오리피스의 위치에 따른 계산 결과로부터 압력진동의 마디, 즉 속도진동의 배가 되는 위치에 오리피스를 설치할 때 가장 효과적으로 압력 진동이 감쇠되었다. 이에 반해서, 오리피스를 압력진동의 배에 설치한 경우에는 오리피스의 설치 효과가 아주 미약하였다. 오리피스의 유로 봉쇄율이 증가함에 따라 감쇠효과는 단조적으로 증가하였고, 오리피스의 두께가 증가할수록 공진성을 약화시켜 감쇠효과가 크게 나타났다. 또한, 직경이 작은 배관에서 감쇠 효과가 더 크게 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1975

In the classic point of view, it has well known that the tangle is the mineral source, especially iodide. However, there are few reports that the tangle can be used the high-protein source. With the consideration whether the tangle can be used as a protein source as well as one of the foodstuff or not, this studies is done by animal experiment. The Albino rats to be examined were fed on the basal diet (Table 1) and the others including the polished tangle by weight 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%, as experimental diets, for 4 weeks, respectively. The weight gain(Fig. 1), total amount of diet intake (Fig. 2), total water intake(Fig. 3), feed efficiency ratio (Fig. 4) and protein efficiency ratio (Fig. 5) was measured by each week, respectively. In addition, organ weight (Fig. 6) and blood study (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) was also analyzed at the end of the experiment. As the results of this study, growth rate, that is, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio in all experimental groups increased more than those of the control group. Moreover, it was also found that weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio by feeding on the 2 percent tangle group was higher than the corresponding values of all experimental groups. However, feed intake and total water gain were the most by feeding on the 5% tangle group. This result may be interpreted to show that the total content of sodium includes more than enough in the feed intakes. To obtain further information concerning the effect of the tangle-dietary conditions on the growth rate of Albino rats, it was measured the organ weight. In the adrenal and spleen, the total weight by feeding on the all experimental groups were decreased more than that in the case of the control group. In the other hand, in the liver the weight by feeding on the high concentration groups (4%, 5% tangle diets) were not higher than the control group, while in the case of the low concentration groups (2%, 3% tangle diets) were higher than that of the control group. When it was observed the blood components, total protein, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, white blood cell and red blood cell of rats, the content of white blood cell by feeding on all experimental groups were lower than that by feeding on the control group, but it was also clear that in the other components except white blood cell in blood the contents by feeding on all experimental groups were similar to that in the case of the control groups. However, in the 5% tangle group, the content of sodium was the lowest of all experimental groups, where as the content of potassium was the highest of all experimental groups.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2018

Controlling the residual glucose concentration is important for improving productivity in $\text\tiny{L}$-threonine fermentation. In this study, we developed a procedure to automatically control the feeding quantity of glucose solution as a function of ammonia-water consumption rate. The feeding ratio ($R_{C/N}$) of glucose and ammonia water was predetermined via a stoichiometric approach, on the basis of glucose-ammonia water consumption rates. In a 5-L fermenter, 102 g/l $\text\tiny{L}$-threonine was obtained using our glucose-ammonia water combined feeding strategy, which was then successfully applied in a 500-L fermenter (89 g/l). Therefore, we conclude that an automatic combination feeding strategy is suitable for improving $\text\tiny{L}$-threonine production.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.367-370
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• 2007

Numerous sets of simulation were conducted in order to find out the optimum operational conditions of the existing BNR process using GPS-X program. The model of ASM3 and modified Bio-P module were applied for simulations. From the result of this study, effluent quality was closely related with the step feeding rate and influent C/N ratio. The effluent TN concentration seemed to be significantly affected by step feeding rate at the low C/N condition. But at the high C/N condition, the effluent concentration of TP rather than that of TN was affected by the control of step feeding rate.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.337-348
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• 1999

This descriptive study was cone to investigate the incidence of and reasons for the interruption of breast-feeding by married nurses. For this purpose, data was collected from married nurses, each of whose last child was under five years old, living in Seoul, Tong Hae, Sam Chok and Kang Rung. The number of children involved was 208. The data was collected from various places in Seoul, Tong Hae, Sam Chok and Kang Rung area, using 150 survey questionnaires. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The proportion of children receiving breast-feeding was 1.4%, mixed feeding 33.8% and milk feeding 64.9%. The most frequent duration of breast-feeding was one month (80.2%). 2. The major reasons for breast-feeding were the health of the child 97%, and for emotional attachment with the child 75%. 3. The major reasons for interrupting breast-feeding were the job of mother 79.5%, and an abnormality of the breast or nipple 26.0%. 4. The major reasons for quitting breast-feeding were the job of mother 89.2%, insufficient breast milk 34.2%, and breast pain 19.9%. The above results suggest that the breast-feeding ratio in married nurses is very low. Therefore it is recommended that education about and propagation of breast-feeding be carried out. To enhance and promote breast-feeding, hospital managers should provide a comfortable environment, which is conducive to breast-feeding.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the experiences of breast milk feeding information and education, breast milk feeding knowledge and attitude and needs for breast milk feeding nutrition education of high school students to encourage breast milk feeding. The subjects were 565 (male: 250, female: 315) high school students from first to third grade. The results obtained were as follows: In this survey, only 30.0% of subjects experienced breast milk feeding information and only 6.1% of subjects had breast milk feeding education. And the subjects showed the average scores of knowledge of breast milk feeding were 0.29 points of 1 point. Subjects knew well about ingredients of breast milk but they didn't know well about the physiology and method of breast milk feeding and benefits of breast milk feeding for mothers. The average scores of attitude of breast milk feeding were 3.03 points of 4 points, showed slight positive attitudes of breast milk feeding, but they had negative attitudes of emotional and practical aspects. The future plan of feeding practices was breast milk feeding 35.9% and 60.0% of formula milk feeding. A concern was that the students showed high ratio of formula milk feeding plan and they decided by incorrect knowledge of breast milk feeding. The 33.5% of students answered high school students will need breast milk feeding nutrition education, and they thought hospital faculties were the proper educators of breast milk feeding education, but dietitians were recomended as educators because of easy access at school and good knowledge of life-cycle nutrition. Therefore, to encourage breast milk feeding by mothers and supporters of breast milk feeding, breast milk feeding nutrition education is needed urgently among high school male and female students. And nutrition education programs will have to contain benefits of breast milk for babies and mothers and physiology and practical methods of breast milk feeding to improve emotional and practical attitudes for breast milk feeding. Nationwide campaign to promote breast milk feeding at public areas will be needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.10-18
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• 1977

Activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue, accumulation of carcass fat, and serum triglyceride have been determined in meal-fed (MF) and ad libitum-fed (AD) rats. At each feeding frequency, the animals received diets providing total fat as 15% or 30% of calories and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as 2.5% or 11% of calories. The food intake of the MF rats was 75% of that consumed by the AD rats but MF rat utilized their food more efficiently, as evidenced by weight gain per 100 Kcal consumed. Meal feeding, as contrasted to ad libitum feeding, resulted in greater activities of both LPL and HSL. This suggested a higher turnover of fat in the adipose tissue of MF rats. In AD rats, body fat was significantly correlated with LPL and the ratio of LPL/HSL. Meal feeding significantly increased the ratio of LPL/HSL, indicating a greater capacity for energy storage and fat deposition in the MF rat. However, at the limited caloric intake, MF rats failed to realize this potential; there was no significant difference in percentage of body fat at the two feeding frequencies. Body fat deposition was greater in rats fed the 30% fat diet, as compared with the 15% diet, regardless of the rate of food ingestion. This was coupled with a higher ratio of LPL/HSL. The significant correlation of serum triglycerides with body fat and with the ratio of LPL/HSL in AD rats suggests that LPL activity and fat deposition may be controlled by the concentration of circulating triglycerides. Both serum triglycerides and adipose LPL activity were significantly reduced when the diet contained high levels of PUFA. The percentage of body fat was also lower in animals whose intake of PUFA was high.