• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.142-147
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• 2023

This paper presents a novel design of a differential patch antenna for 60-GHz millimeter-wave applications. The design process of the back-to-back (BTB) patch antenna is based on the conventional single-patch antenna. The initial design of the BTB patch antenna (Type-I) has a patch size of 0.66 × 0.98 mm² and a substrate size of 0.99 × 1.48 mm². It has a gain of 1.83 dBi and an efficiency of 94.4% with an omni-directional radiation pattern. A 0.4 mm-thick high-resistivity silicon (HRS) is employed for the substrate of the BTB patch antenna. The proposed antenna is further analyzed to investigate the effect of substrate size and resistivity. As the substrate resistivity decreases, the gain and efficiency degrade due to the substrate loss. As the substrate (HRS) size decreases approaching the patch size, the resonant frequency increases with a higher gain and efficiency. The BTB patch antenna has optimal performances when the substrate size matches the patch size on the HRS substrate (Type-II). The antenna is redesigned to have a patch size of 0.81 × 1.18 mm² on the HRS substrate in the same size. It has an efficiency of 94.9% and a gain of 1.97 dBi at the resonant frequency of 60 GHz with an omni-directional radiation pattern. Compared to the initial design of the BTB patch antenna (Type-I), the optimal BTB patch antenna (Type-II) has a slightly higher efficiency and gain with a considerable reduction in antenna area by 34.8%.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2024

A study was conducted to evaluate dietary valine (Val) requirement for Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Five isonitrogenous (353 g/kg) and isocaloric (4.08 kcal/g) semi-purified diets containing graded levels of Val (2.7, 5.1, 8.7, 12.1 or 16.0 g/kg) were formulated. Quadruplicate groups of 12 shrimp (average body weight: 0.46 ± 0.00 g) were fed one of the experimental diets (2%-5% of total body weight) for 8 weeks. Maximum weight gain was observed in 8.7 g/kg Val group. However, the growth performance was reduced when Val concentration in diets were higher than 12.1 g/kg. Feed conversion ratio was significantly increased with 2.7 and 16.0 g/kg Val inclusion. Shrimp fed the diets containing 2.7 g/kg Val showed significantly lower protein efficiency ratio, whole-body crude protein and Val concentrations. Dietary inclusion of Val significantly improved the relative expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein and immune-related genes (prophenoloxidase, lysozyme and crustin) in the hepatopancreas and 8.7 g/kg Val group showed highest expression among all the groups. The dietary requirement of Val for maximum growth of juvenile P. vannamei, estimated using polynomial regression analysis on growth, was 9.54 g/kg of Val (27.2 g/kg based on protein level) and maximum growth occurred at 9.27 g/kg of Val (26.2 g/kg based on protein level) based on broken-line regression analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.641-646
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• 2024

This paper is studied for the design and experiment of a wideband printed 1x2 dipole array antenna for 3.5GHz band application. The printed dipole antenna used in the array antenna was implemented in the form of a rectangular strip, and was consisted with a broadside coupled stripline (BCS). The feed line was designed to be tapered for broadband impedance matching. As a result of comparing the simulation results and measurement results, it was found that the two results were in good agreement with 2.8% error(100MHz shift @3.5GHz). As a result of the experiment, based on VSWR=2, a bandwidth of about 16% was obtained from the center frequency of 3.5 GHz to 3.15~3.70 GHz.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the performance, immune response and small intestinal microflora in laying hens. A total of 960 Hy-Line $Brown^{(R)}$ laying hens of 27 wks old, housed in 2 bird cages, were assigned in a completely randomized block design into one of the following 6 dietary treatments: control, antibiotic (6 ppm avilamycine), 0.025% MOS, 0.05% MOS, 0.25% FOS, and 0.5% FOS. Each treatment had 4 replicates of 40 birds and was fed ad libitum for 6 wks under 16 h lighting regimen. There were significant differences among treatments in hen-day and hen-housed egg production. Hen-day egg production in 0.025% MOS was significantly higher than that of control. Hen-housed egg production in antibiotic-treated group was significantly higher compared with control. Egg weight, feed intake and feed conversion were not significantly different among treatments. Egg shell thickness was highest in 0.25% FOS, but was not significantly different among the rest of treatments. There were no significant differences among treatments in egg shell strength, egg shell color, egg yolk color and Haugh unit. IgG concentrations in serum were not significantly different among treatments. On the other hand, IgA concentrations of the treated birds tended to be increased compared with control. Dietary treatments tended to decrease Cl. perfringens and E. coli, and to increase Lactobacillus spp. The result of this experiment showed that dietary supplementation of MOS and FOS in laying hens tended to improve egg production comparable to the supplementation of antibiotics. The level of serum IgA and small intestinal microflora were also significantly affected by the treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2009

Dietary effects of Agaricus bisporus powder (ABP) on the quality characteristic of eggs from hens (Hy-Line) were investigated. Experimental groups (100 hens/group) were divided into normal control group (Control), 0.3% ABP supplemented diet group (M-0.3) and 0.6% ABP supplemented diet group (M-0.6), then fed for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in shell thickness, while Haugh unit in M-0.3 and M-0.6 groups were 18.3$\sim$27.6% higher than that of control groups. Color $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of egg albumen and yolk in the M-03 and M-0.6 groups were lower whereas $a^*$ values were higher than those of NC group. In the yolk of M-03 and M-0.6 groups compared with control groups, the levels of total phospholipids and HDL-cholesterol were 4.5$\sim$13.9% and 86.1$\sim$87.0% higher, respectively, while the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol were 29.4$\sim$31.9%, 51.9$\sim$52.4% and 49.1$\sim$53.5% lower than those of control groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in fatty acids. In the result of sensory evaluation, gory odor of raw eggs in the M-03 and M-0.6 groups was slightly lower compared with control groups. These results suggest that the feed containing mushroom of Agaricus bisporus can be used to reduce the egg yolk cholesterol content and gory odor from raw egg, and also to increase the phospholipids as a functional feed. Further studies on the mechanism are required.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary safflower seed (SFS) powder and chitosan on hatching egg production and eggshell qualify in aged egg-type breeder hens. A total of four hundred 54-week-old Hy-Line Brown breeder hens were divided into five the groups and fed experimental diets either with addition of 0.25 and 0.50% SFS powder or 0.10 and 0.20% chitosan or devoid of all for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake and laying performances among the groups. The rate of sellable egg in the groups fed diets containing SFS powder or chitosan was significantly increased compared to that of control (P<0.05), irrespective of dose-dependent manner. The addition of SFS powder or chitosan significantly improved the eggshell strength (P<0.01). Eggshell thickness was also significantly increased in the groups 134 diets containing chitosan as compared with that of control (P<0.01). Fertility and hatchability of egg set were significantly improved by dietary chitosan that those of control (P<0.05). ike contents of tibial Ca and P were significantly increased in the groups fed diets containing 0.5% SFS powder, 0.1 and 0.2% chitosan as compared with those of control. The levels of blood estrogen, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone were not affected by the dietary treatments. The overall results indicated that the proper use of some feed additives such as safflower seed powder and chitosan might provide means of improving eggshell quality and reproductive performances in aged egg-type breeder hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C and Sea buckthorn on the performance, blood biochemistry and meat quality in old laying hens. A total 200 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (101 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments : (1) Basal : basal diet, (2) Vit. C : basal diet + 0.1% vitamin C, (3) SB 0.1 : basal diet + 0.1% Sea buckthorn, (4) SB 0.5 : basal diet + 0.5% Sea buckthorn, and (5) SB 1.0 : basal diet + 1.0% Sea buckthorn. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with 10 birds units were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 4 weeks under 16L:8D lighting regimen. The diets were fed to hens on an ad libitum basis for 4 weeks. Result indicated that during feeding trial of the experiment, hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratio were not significantly influenced by treatments. However, feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Vit. C and SB treated groups than the basal during 1 wks and 3 wks. Egg weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in basal and Vit. C than the SB 1.0 treatment. There were no differences in carcass yield during feeding trials. However, partial ratio (breast and neck) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in SB 0.5 than other treatment. There were no differences in the level of leukocytes and erythrocytes. There were no significant differences on proximate analysis (DM, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash), meat color, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and fatty acids concentrations. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of vitamin C and Sea buckthorn to the diet of old laying hens might be a potential ingredient for increasing partial weight (breast) in old laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of copper-soy proteinate (Cu-SP) and herbal mixture (HBM) on growth performance, blood parameter, and immune response in laying hens. A total 800 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (60 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments : (1) Control : control diet, (2) Cu-SP : control diet + 100 mg/kg Cu-soy proteinate, (3) HBM : control diet + 0.15% herbal mixture, and (4) Cu-SP + HBM : control diet + 100 mg/kg Cu-soy proteinate + 0.15% herbal mixture. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with forty birds units were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted 5 weeks under 16L : 8D lighting regimen. The diet and water were available ad libitum. Result indicated that during feeding trial of the experiment, hen-day egg production was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP and HBM treated groups than control. However, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, broken and shell less egg production were not significantly influenced by treatments. Eggshell strength was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Cu-SP than control. Eggshell thickness, eggshell color, egg yolk color, Haugh unit were not significantly influenced by treatments. The level of WBC and stress index (heterophil : lymphocyte) were higher in supplemented groups than the control. The concentration of plasma IgG was higher in supplemented groups than the control. The result of this experiment showed that dietary copper-soy proteinate or herbal mixture tended to improve egg production and affect positively on immune response of laying hens.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.547-554
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of a transgenic Aspergillus oryzae(AO) culture on the performance, egg quality and intestinal microflora of layers. A total of 840 Hy-line Brown layers of 39wks old were assigned to one of the following 7 dietary treatments: control(C), C+0.2% AO culture, C+0.5% AO culture, C+0.2% transgenic AO culture, C+0.5% transgenic AO culture, C+0.2% transgenic mutant AO culture, and C+0.5% transgenic mutant AO culture. The transgenic AO was made by inserting Salmonella gallinarum gene to AO. And the transgenic mutant AO was made by inserting Salmonella gallinarum gene to mutant AO which was mutated by UV irradiation. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds housed in 2 bird cage. Twenty birds units were arranged according to completely randomized block design. Feeding trial lasted for 8wks under 16 hour lighting regimen. Laying performance and egg quality were significantly(P<0.05) affected by the treatments. Transgenic AO culture supplementation at the level of 0.2% significantly increased egg production, while its egg weight was significantly decreased compared to that of the control. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were not significantly different among the AO treatments and the control. The eggshell strength of the AO treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. Transgenic mutant AO culture supplemented at the level of 0.5% significantly increased egg yolk color. Intestinal microflora were significantly(P<0.05) affected by the treatments. The cfu of Lactobacilli spp. significantly increased and those of Salmonella species and E. coli decreased in the AO treatments. The transgenic AO and transgenic mutant AO culture were more effective than the AO culture in reducing the cfu of Salmonella species and E. coli. It is concluded that supplementation of the transgenic AO culture at the level of 0.2% could be recommended for the improvement of egg production. Supplementation of transgenic AO or transgenic mutant AO culture at 0.2% level effectively controlled intestinal Salmonella species population.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of graded levels of a herbal recipe(Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$, Herb BIO Co.) supplemented to a commercial layer diet. The Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ is an improved recipe of Herb $Mix^{(R)}$, fortified with Angelica gigas, Discorea japonica and Ligusticum jeholense. A total of 720 layers (Hy-Line Brown) of 45 wks old were assigned to one of six treatments; control, 0.2% Herb $Mix^{(R)}$, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$, and 6 ppm Avilamycin. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 20 birds each housed in 2 birds cages. Birds were fed diets and water ad libitum for 5 weeks. Hen-day egg production was significantly (P<0.05) different among treatments. Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ 0.2% treatment showed the highest egg production followed by Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ 0.3%, Herb $Mix^{(R)}$ 0.2%, Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ 0.1%, Avilamycin 6 ppm and the control. Hen-housed egg production, egg weight, soft and broken egg ration, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, shell strength, shell thickness, shell color index, Haugh unit and yolk color index were not significantly different among treatments. Nor was cfu of Cl. perfringens and E. coli and Lactobacilli in the small intestinal content significantly different among treatments. The number of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, heterophil, lymphocyte, thus heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were not significantly modified. It was concluded that Herb Mix $Gold^{(R)}$ at the level of 0.2% in the layer diet improves laying performance.