• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2008

The performance of growing rabbits fed Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa) residue, Mimosa pigra and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was studied in an experiment using 64 rabbits (4 males and 4 females per treatment) of 2 breeds, New Zealand White and a crossbred between New Zealand White and native breed. The rabbits had an average initial weight of 668 g, were about 6 weeks old and were housed in individual pens. The foliages were fed ad libitum and a commercial concentrate was fed at a restricted level of 2% of body weight on a dry matter (DM) basis. In the digestibility experiment, the rabbits, 4 per foliage and males only, were fed the same foliages as in the growth experiment but without concentrate. Daily weight gain was lower in the group fed Ruzi grass, 14.8 g/d (p<0.001) compared to 17.6, 18.5 and 18.4 g/d for head lettuce, Mimosa pigra and water spinach, respectively. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were lowest for the rabbits fed water spinach, 66 g DM/d and 3.6 kg DM/kg live weight, respectively. The New Zealand White breed had a higher daily gain than the crossbred rabbits (p<0.05), 18.0 and 16.7 g/d, respectively. There were no significant differences in feed intake, growth or feed conversion ratio due to sex. The digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the rabbits fed Ruzi grass. Breed and sex had no effect on digestibility. In conclusion, feeding head lettuce residue, Mimosa pigra and water spinach resulted in higher growth rate and digestibility than feeding Ruzi grass and can be recommended as alternative feeds.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2018

A total of 459 broiler chicks were studied from 1 to 32 days of age to evaluate the effect of phytase diet supplementation on their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality. Chicks were randomly divided into 3 treatments (9 replicates/treatment, 17 chicks/replicate). This was a 32 day experiment that included 2 phases: phase 1, grower (0 to 17 day); and phase 2, finisher (17 to 32 day). Dietary treatments were: T1, control basal diet (CON); T2, CON + 0.01% phytase (300 IU); and, T3, CON + 0.01% phytase (500 IU). Results showed that supplementation of the basal diet with phytase increased pH value of meat. During the period between day 7 and 17 of the study, T2 and T3 groups had higher body weight gain (BWG) than T1 group. After phase 2 and the use of finisher feed, T3 group had significantly improved BWG and feed intake (FI). During the whole experiment, T3 resulted in higher BWG and FI than other treatments. But feed conversion ratio was not affected by phytase supplementation throughout the experiment. Both T2 and T3 groups had significantly higher apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter when compared with T1. However, no differences were observed for Nitrogen, Ca, and P during the experiment. In conclusion, supplementation of phytase increased BW, FI, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM). However, there was no significant influence in feed conversion ratio (FCR), relative organ weight and breast muscle quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1447-1455
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• 2011

Sixty four, 30-week-old, Lohmann Brown-Lite laying hens were randomly allocated to one of four treatments with eight replicates per treatment and two hens per replicate for a 10 week study. The control diet was a high energy (11.81 MJ/kg) diet and the moderate energy (11.39 MJ/kg) diets were formulated dropping the level of animal fat. The three moderate energy diets were fed either unsupplemented (0.0%) or supplemented with 0.05 or 0.10% glycine. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in hen-day egg production, egg weight, feed intake or feed conversion between birds fed the unsupplemented moderate energy and high energy diets. Significant differences were detected concerning egg components and quality measurements as assessed by albumen percentage (p = 0.02), yolk weight (p = 0.02), yolk percentage (p<0.01), yolk to albumen ratio (p<0.01) and yolk color (p = 0.01) between birds fed the unsupplemented moderate and high energy diets. Glycine supplementation of the moderate energy diet linearly increased (p<0.01) egg weight and feed intake with no significant (p>0.05) effects on egg production or feed conversion. Glycine supplementation significantly increased egg content (p<0.01), albumen weight (p<0.01) and percentage (p<0.01) as well as yolk weight (p<0.01) while yolk percentage (p = 0.04), yolk to albumen ratio (p = 0.01) and egg shell percentage (p<0.01) were linearly decreased. Supplementation with glycine produced a tendency (p = 0.09) towards an increase in the percentage of large eggs (63-72.9 g) produced with a concomitant decrease in the percentage of small (below 53 g) eggs (p = 0.09). The overall results of this study indicate that glycine supplementation of laying hen rations has the potential to increase egg production and weight. These increases appeared to be mediated through increases in feed intake and the ileal digestibility of fat and energy.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different additives on the growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics in Holstein steers during 18month fattening periods. Twenty four Holstein steers, 5months of age and 176.6kg, were randomly allocated to 3 experimental groups 8 animals each for 18-months feeding trial. The groups were control (not additive), T1 (fed zinc, Vitamin C) and T2 (fed zinc, Vitamin C, Vitamin B6 and Selenium). According to feeding additives, final weight was not significantly different among the treatment groups, tended to be high at T2 group (827kg) compared to the other groups. Average daily gain was not different among the treatment groups during the experimental periods, but T2 group was significantly greater than T1 group in growing stage (p<0.05). The feed additives had no effects on DMI during experimental periods. Feed conversion ratio of T1 group in growing stage was significantly higher than those of other groups (p<0.05), average feed conversion ratio was tend to be decreased at T2 group rather compared with other groups. In the results of yield traits, carcass weight were relatively higher in T2 group than other groups (p<0.05). Rib-eye area, back fat thickness and yield index were similar between groups. In quality traits, marbling, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were not significantly different among the groups. In economic efficiency, income was highest at T2 group as 91~393 thousand won among 3 groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 1997

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding graded levels of chromium in the form of chromium picolinate on growth performance, blood components, carcass grade, in vitro lipogenesis and lipolysis, and in vitro protein degradation and synthesis in growing-finishing pigs. There were no significant differences for daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion among treatments during growing phase, while in the finishing phase, feed intake was lower in groups fed diets with 200 ppb chromium than in other treatment (p < 0.1). Feed conversion was improved in the groups fed diets with chromium compared with control. Carcass weight was similar among treatments while carcass length was longer in groups fed diets with 200 ppb chromium (p < 0.05). Thinner carcass fat was found with groups fed diets with chromium compared to control. Three A grade of carcasses were from groups fed chromium compared to control. No significant differences were observed with blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acid at 60kg body weight. While, at 100 kg body weight, blood triglyceride was lower in groups with 200 and 400 ppb chromium but higher in groups with 100 ppb chromium (p < 0.05). In vitro lipolysis and protein synthesis in adipose tissues were increased as dietary chromium was increased from 0 to 200 ppb (p < 0.1). As a result, 200 ppb chromium in a growing-finishing diet could improve feed efficiency and carcass traits; an increase to 400 ppb has no further effect.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2018

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with four phosphorus (P) additives [mono-calcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and magnesium hydrogen phosphate (MHP)] on the growth, feed utilization and whole body mineral composition of juvenile olive flounders Paralichthys olivaceus. A basal diet without P supplementation was prepared as a negative control and four supplemental P sources were added at a level of 2%. Triplicate groups of fish (initial mean body weight 11 g) were fed one of the experimental diets to apparent satiation twice a day, at 08:30 and 18:00 for 10 weeks. The final body weights of fish fed the experimental diets ranged from 29.4 g (DCP) to 34.2 g (MCP) and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among treatments. Similar tendencies were found for all parameters including weight gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed intake (FI) and survival rate (SR). The hematocrit (%), hemoglobin (g/dL), serum inorganic P and whole body mineral composition did not differ significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments. Therefore, dietary P addition is not necessary for juvenile olive flounder fed a fish meal-based diet.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2001

The objective of these experiments gas to investigate the feeding of Powerfeel supplementation on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks. Five treatments were allocated into 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10% Powerfeel with four replications for five weeks. Diets contained 21.5% CP, 3,100 kcal/kg ME for the first three weeks and 19% CP, 3,100 kcal/kg ME for the rest two weeks. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion were weekly measured. E. coli and Salmonella were examined from cecum and ileum at the end of experiment. ND titer were also measured at five weeks old after first and booster vaccination at 14 and 21 days of age. In experiment 1, Weight gain of Powerfeef treatments was significantly higher for five weeks (P〈0.05). Feed intake increased on all Powerfeel treatments. Chicks fed Powerfeel improved feed conversion ratio(FCR) significantly compared to that of control (P〈0.05), but was not shown the consistency. In experiment 2, Weight gain and feed consumption of chicks fed Powerfeel were tended to increase, but were not statistically different from control. Powerfeel treatments showed significantly lower FCR than control(P〈0.05). The number of Salmonella and E. coli of chicks ileum fed Powerfeel were highly decreased, compared to those of control in both experiments. Powerfeel supplementation seemed to decrease the number of both Salmonella and E. coli in illeum, but was not consistency in cecum. Chicks fed Powerfeel showed significantly higher ND titer than control (P〈0.05). These results indicated that the optimum level of Powerfeel to maximize the performance of broiler chicks were estimated from 0.050 to 0.075% in broiler diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2004

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine (Tau) supplements on broiler growth performance, serum constituents and antibody production. In Exp. 1, 3 day old chicks received a basal diet supplemented with Tau at 0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 or 0.40% for 6 weeks. Although dietary Tau supplementing at 0.30 or 0.40% enhanced feed conversion and reduced feed consumption during 0 to 3 weeks (p<0.05), neither serum total cholesterol or anti-Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titer were affected. In Exp. 2, dietary Tau supplement at 0.25-0.75% enhanced feed conversion of broilers during 0 to 3 weeks, but daily gain and feed consumption were not affected. The 0.75% Tau supplement group displayed lower serum total cholesterol at 6 weeks (p<0.05) comparing with the control group but no difference in anti-NDV titers. In Exp. 3, broilers were treated with dietary Tau of 0 or 0.50% combined with low (0/0%), medium (0.18/0.08%), or high (0.36/0.16%) methionine (Met) levels for 6 weeks (0 to 3/3 to 6 weeks). The addition of Met significantly improved daily gain and feed conversion of broilers during 0 to 3 weeks (p<0.01). Dietary Tau interacted significantly with Met on daily gain and feed consumption. Broiler serum amino acids revealed that Met supplements only increased serum Met level, but only serum Tau level was enhanced as given dietary Tau supplementation. The broilers receiving Tau normalized serum triglycerides level by feeding with the low Met diet and tended to display higher anti-NDV titers (p<0.10). The experimental results suggest that the growth response obtained by Tau supplements results partly from interactions with sulfur amino acids. However, the modulation of the broiler lipid metabolism may be responsible for dietary Tau.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 1998

사료에 한방 생약 제재인 어보산을 첨가하여 틸라피아의 성장을 향상시키고, 사료 계수의 개선을 통한 나일틸라피아의 양식 생산성을 향상시키기 위하여 수행한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 사료내 어보산 첨가 농도에 따른 자어의 성장. 어보산 첨가구는 대조구에 비해 어체중 성장, 증체율, 일일 성장률 및 사료 계수가 향상되었다. 첨가구중에서는 0.25%, 0.5% 및 1.0% 첨가구가 2.0%에 비해 어체중 성장, 증체율, 일일 성장률이 높았고 사료 계수는 0.25% 첨가구가 가장 낮았다. 2. 사료내 어보산 0.3% 첨가에 따른 중간 육성어 및 성어의 성장. 어보산 첨가구는 대조구에 비해 어체중 성장, 증체율, 일일 성장률및 사료 계수가 유의하게 좋았다. 3. 어보산이 첨가된 사료를 공급한 실험구의 체조성 분석. 실험어의 등 근육과 간의 단백질, 수분, 지방 및 회분 함량은 대조구와 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1993

A study was conducted to compare the effect of feeding commercial formula ration and corn-soybean meal based rations on growth performance, feed conversion ratio, mortality percentage, dressing percentage, carcass composition and economics of raising broiler chicks at commercial farms. 3000 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 250 birds in each. Four iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric rations (A, B, C and D) were prepared and randomly allotted to each group. Ration A was a commercial broiler ration whereas ration B had the same formula with the exception that all the animal protein sources were replaced with soybean meal (SBM). Ration C was based on only corn and SBM. Ration D contained corn, SBM and 25% fullfat soybean (FFSB). The birds were given the experimental rations starter from day 1 to 28 and finisher from 29 to 49. The results indicated that the birds fed on corn-soybean meal based rations gained significantly figher weights showed better feed conversion ratio, gave higher dressing percentage with better carcass composition, lower mortality and higher net profits as compared to those fed on commercial ration. The replacement of animal protein sources in commercial ration with SBM (ration B) although did not show any significant differences in the performance of birds as compared to ration A, a little improvement was visible indicating that SBM can be used as a good substitute of animal protein sources. Similarly the replacement of SBM with FFSB up to a level of 25% did not affect the broiler performance as compared to only SBM.