• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
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• pp.176-180
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• 2001

There are several factors causing re-work in CMP process such as improper polish time calculation by operator. removal rate decline of the polisher, unstable in-suit pad conditioning, slurry supply module problem and wafer carrier rotation inconsistancy. And conclusively those fundimental reason for the re-work rate increasement is mainly from the cycle time delay between wafer polish and post measurement. Therefore, Wafer thickness measurement in wet condition could be able to remove those improper process conditions which may happen during the process in comparison with the conventional dried wafer measurement system and it can be able to reduce the CMP process cycle time. CMP scrap reduction by overpolish, re-work rate reduction, thickness control efficiency also can be easily achieved. CMP Equipment manufacturer also trying to develop integrated system which has multi-head & platen, cleaner, pre & post thickness measure and even control the polish time from the calculated removal rate of each polishing head by software. CMP re-work problem such as over & under polish by target thickness may result in the cycle time delay. By reducing those inefficient factors during the process and establish of the automatic process control, CLC system need to be adopted to maximize the process performance. Wafer to Wafer Polish Time Feed Back Control by measuring the wafer right after the polish shorten the polish time calculation for the next wafer and it lead to the perfact Post CMP target thickness control capability. By Monitoring all of the processed the wafer, CMP process will also be stabilize itself.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2014

Fuel injection pressure has steadily increased in diesel engines for the purpose of improving fuel efficiency and cleaning exhaust gas, but it has now reached a point, where the cost for higher pressure does not warrant additional gains. Common rail systems on modern diesel engines have fuel pumps that are mechanically driven by crankshaft. The pumps actually house two pumping module inside: a low pressure pump component and a high pressure pump component. Part of the fuel compressed by the low pressure component returns to the tank in the process of maintaining the pressure in the common rail. Since the returning fuel represents pumping loss, fuel economy improves if the returned fuel can be eliminated by using a properly controled electrical fuel pump. As the first step in developing an electrical fuel pump the fuel supply system on a 6 liter diesel engine was modeled with AMESim to analyze the workload and the fuel feed rate of the injection pump, and the results served as basis for selecting a suitable servo motor and a reducer to drive the pump. A motor controller was built using a DSP and a program which controls the common rail pressure using a proportional control method based on the target fuel pressure information from the engine ECU. A test rig to evaluate performance of the fuel pump is implemented and used to show that the newly developed electrically driven fuel pump can satisfy the fuel flow demand of the engine under various operating conditions when the rotational speed of the pump is adequately controlled.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2016

경기도 포천시 하수처리장에서 수처리후 탈수된 몇 가지 유기성 슬러지내 크롬과 망간 농도에 대하여 조사하였다. 또한, 슬러지 급이량 변화에 따른 줄지렁이(Eisenia fetida) 체내 크롬과 망간의 생물축적에 대하여 고찰하였다. 유기성 슬러지내의 크롬과 망간 농도는 각각 0.0~0.3 mg/kg, 3.6~17.6 mg/kg를 나타내었기에, 이러한 중금속 농도들은 지렁이 개체군에 대하여 급성독성을 유발시키지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고, 슬러지 급이량 증가에 의하여 지렁이 체내에 크롬의 생물축적이 이루어졌으나 슬러지 공급량에 비례해서 크롬 농도가 증가하지 않았으며, 일정한 농도로 유지되다가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 한편, 망간에 대해서는 생물축적이 거의 일어나지 않았다. 본 실험으로부터 60 g의 슬러지를 공급하였을 때, BAF 값은 망간의 경우 0.00~0.12이었으며, 인분슬러지를 주입하였을 때 BAF 값은 크롬의 롬 경우 19.33를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.136-146
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• 2017

Purpose: This paper presents an appropriate wrapping method by analyzing the pressure distribution applied to a bale surface, along with the change in pressure according to an increase in the number of film layers in rice straw bales, which account for 74% of the total bulky feed supply in Korea. Methods: A model with the shape of an actual bale was fabricated to analyze the distribution of surface pressure in bale wrapping, and the pressure was measured. Experiments were conducted to analyze the pressure using eight different layer numbers (2, 4, 6, 8 10, 12, 14, and 16 layers) at five wrapping speeds (27, 29, 31, 33, and 35 rpm). Results: The maximum pressure applied to a circular bale by the film occurred at the center of the end of the bale, whereas the minimum pressure occurred at the center of the bale side. An extreme value ratio between the minimum and maximum pressures was distributed as 8.5-56.6%, which was improved with an increase in rotation speed. The an uneven pressure distribution occurred because the number of film overlaps was 8.24-times greater at the center of the bale's end than at the center of the ba le side. At a level 5 rotation speed, the minimum pressure was $P_{LV5-M1}=0.0625{\sigma}^2+36.173{\sigma}-36.753$ ($R^2=0.9845$) at $M_1$, and the maximum pressure was $P_{LV5-M6}=5.5552{\sigma}^2+41.05{\sigma}-39.071$ at $M_2$, revealing a correlation of $R^2=0.9983$. Conclusions: To replace four layers with six layers, 2-4 layers were added only to the side of the bale, and the minimum pressure at $M_1$ was then improved from that at four layers to that at six layers, and the amount of film consumed for 4-6 layers was reduced by 84.6%.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권
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• pp.175-185
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• 2002

Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop as a vegetable oil, concentrated feed and industrial materials. The name "canola" was registered in 1979 by the Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association to describe "double-low" varieties. Double low indicates that the processed oil contains less than 2% erucic-acid and the meal less than 3mg/g of glucosinolates. Today annual worldwide production of rapeseed is approximately 35 million tons on 24 million hectares. China accounts for 33% of the world production and the European Economic Community for nearly 32%. Canola ranks 3rd in production among the world's oilseed crops following soybeans, sunflowers, peanuts and cottonseed. The recent advances in genomics and in gene function studies has allowed us to understand the detailed genetic basis of many complex traits, such as flowering time, height, and disease resistance. The manipulation of seed oil content via transgene insertion has been one of the earliest successful applications of modern biotechnology in agriculture. For example, the first transgenic crop with a modified seed composition to be approved for unrestricted commercial cultivation in the US was a lauric oil, rape-seed, grown in 1995. There were also some significant early successes, mostly notably the achievement of 40% to 60% lauric acid content in rapeseed oil, which normally accumulates little or no lauric acid. The name "$\textrm{Laurical}^{TM}$" was registered in 1995 by Calgene Inc. Nevertheless, attempts to achieve high levels of other novel fatty acids in seed oils have met with much less success and there have been several reports that the presence of novel fatty acids in transgenic plants can sometimes lead to the induction of catabolic pathways which break down the novel fatty acid, i.e. the plant recognizes the "strange" fatty acid and, far from tolerating it, may even actively eliminate it from the seed oil. It is likely that, in the future, transgenic oil crops and newly domesticated oil crops will both be developed in order to provide the increased amount and diversity of oils which will be required for both edible and industrial use. It is important that we recognize that both approaches have both positive and negative points. It will be a combination of these two strategies that is most likely to supply the increasing demands for plant oils in the 21st century and beyond.ant oils in the 21st century and beyond.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.238-268
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• 1992

Since rural people migrated to urban area as a result of rapid industrialization in Korea, a significant proportion on agricultural labor farces has consistently reduced and therefore incurred labor shortage in rural area which might aggravate the farm household's economy. This sutdy suggests a long run plan of supplying agricultural machines for forage cultivation based on the survery of 102 livestock farm housecholds conducted in 1987, aimed at curtailing the labor costs which would contribute to improving the livestock farming management. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Among the 102 livestock farm household surveyed, 50 farm housecholds were found to cultivate 398a of grassland on average while other 52 farm households produced the forage on the 169a of land under cultivation averagely. 2. Over 50 percent of farm houseolds were reported to have their own agricultural machine for harvesting and cutting, however rates of mechanization in other operations such as mowing and sowing were less than 20 percent. 3. There were more than 50 percent of livestock farm households who have shown their intention to buy and operate their own farming machines when proprer opportunities are given. 4. In order to estimate the long-run demand for agricultural machines for livestock farm household considering current mechanization procedure, data for the machine's optimal capacty, growth of arable acreage for feed stuffs was collected and analyzed. 5. Based on the estimated demand, long range supply plan of livestock farming machines for the period of 1990-2010 was suggested. 6. Finally, measures for technological developement and finanacial support were suggested to implement so as to encourage the farmers' adoption of agricultural machines, and to achieve the goal of mechanization planning for the livestock farm household.

• 멤브레인
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1994

정유산업 방출폐수를 재처리하여 양질의 공업용수로 활용하고자 역삼투막 및 공정으로 구성된 재활용 system을 고안하여 현장 pilot 실험을 수행하였다. 생산공정 운전상황에 따라 불규칙적으로 변하는 폐수 특성에도 불구하고 역삼투막의 경우 10~15$kg/cm^2$의 운전압력 범위내에서 96~99%정도의 비교적 높은 염배제율을 보였으며 본 실험을 통하여 얻은 재생수의 경우 냉각탑 공급용수로써의 충분한 가능성을 보여 주었다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제안 사용된 여과형 전처리 공정만으로는 충분한 처리효율을 기대하기 어려웠으며, 이는 각 여과공정법 처리수의 수질분석 결과 및 NaOH를 이용한 역삼투막 세정 결과로부터 쉽게 확인되었다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2005

Among modern people's life-style, the lack of exercise and sleep is related to infertility. Underexercise accumulates damp-sputum, resulting in the insufficiency of essence. It also obstructs the creation of essence, leading to insufficient essence. Activities at night without sleep cannot create the condition to help the process of yin, causing the insufficiency of essence. Fast food is made from the cattle which are fed the feed containing growth hormone and antibiotics in large quantities. Growth hormone causes the process of yang excessively in human body, while antibiotic suppresses the process of yin, leading to excessive damp-heat and hyperactive ministerial fire. Antiseptic included in instant food hampers the process of fermentation, or yin, and inhibits the digestion mechanism, obstructing damp-heat and bringing about hyperactive ministerial fire. Intake of excessive flesh and meat gives rise to incomplete combustion and hinders the creation of essence, causing hyperactive ministerial fire due to the lack of yin. Milk suits the calf that has a rapid growth cycle. Milk intake by humans leads to the rapid process of yang and eventually hyperactivity of ministerial fire. The imbalance between yin and yang, with essence insufficent and ministerial fire hyperactive, causes infertility in three aspects. First, the lack of essence itself makes conception difficult. Secondly, damp-sputum resulting from ministerial fire obstructs the circulation of qi and blood. It also hampers the normal supply of qi and blood to the uterus. Thirdly, the excessive process of yang may result in infertility. Generally speaking, pregnancy starts with implantation. If the excessive process of yang is in progress in body, static condition needed for implantation cannot be maintained, leading to infertility.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.176-180
• /
• 2001

There are several factors causing re-work in CMP process such as improper polish time calculation by operator, removal rate decline of the polisher, unstable in-suit pad conditioning, slurry supply module problem and wafer carrier rotation inconsistency. And conclusively those fundimental reason for the re-work rate increasement is mainly from the cycle time delay between wafer polish and post measurement. Therefore, Wafer thickness measurement in wet condition could be able to remove those improper process conditions which may happen during the process in comparison with the conventional dried wafer measurement system and it can be able to reduce the CMP process cycle time. CMP scrap reduction by overpolish, re-work rate reduction, thickness control efficiency also can be easily achieved. CMP Equipment manufacturer also trying to develop integrated system which has multi-head & platen, cleaner, pre & post thickness measure and even control the polish time from the calculated removal rate of each polishing head by software. CMP re-work problem such as over & under polish by target thickness may result in the cycle time delay. By reducing those inefficient factors during the process and establish of the automatic process control, CLC system need to be adopted to maximize the process performance. Wafer to Wafer Polish Time Feed Back Control by measuring the wafer right after the polish shorten the polish time calculation for the next wafer and it lead to the perfect Post CMP target thickness control capability. By Monitoring all of the processed the wafer, CMP process will also be stabilize itself.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

One of the major obstructing factors against managing dairy farm in Korea has been a shortage of roughage supply, which resulted in excessive abuse of concentrate feed. In order to solve this problem, production of the wrap silage by the winter cereal forages raised in the fallow paddy field is strongly recommended in Korea. The main objective is to develop a tractor attached round bale wrapper which can process the silage by wrapping the round bales with thin plastic films. This is the first half of the study which is divided by two parts. In this first part, bale wrapping process was analyzed, and based on this results the followings were designed, developed and tested. 1. Bale wrapper which haying the maximum capacity of 1 ton bale with various functions such as loading, wrapping, discharging the round bales and supplying and cutting wrap films was designed. 2. An actuator and its hydraulic circuit of each process were developed and tested. 3. Also, the variations of hydraulic pressure and engine speed were investigated by operating bale wrapper developed. In this test, maximum pressure of the hydraulic circuit for the bale wrapping was 130 kg/㎠ when it raised the bale, which was quite below the relief pressure of 170 kg/㎠ of hydraulic circuit. In the engine speed test, speed drop was 20∼67 rpm, which meant that there was no over-load operation. Therefore, the experiment proved that developed hydraulic circuit and mechanism is stable in bale wrapping operation