• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1661-1666
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Se-enriched bean sprout, Se-enriched yeast and sodium selenite on productivity, egg quality and egg Se concentrations in laying hens. Using a Completely Randomized Design, 144 Rohman laying hens at 71 weeks of age were divided into four groups. Each group consisted of four replicates and each replicate contained nine hens. The dietary treatments were T1: control diet, T2: control diet plus 0.3 mg Se/kg from sodium selenite, T3: control diet plus 0.3 mg Se/kg from Se-enriched yeast, T4: control diet plus 0.3 mg Se/kg from Se-enriched bean sprout. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in feed intake, egg production and egg quality among treatments. Selenium supplementation from Seenriched yeast and Se-enriched bean sprout markedly increased (p<0.05) egg Se concentration as compared to the control and sodium selenite groups. The results indicated that Se-enriched bean sprout could be used as an alternative Se source in diets of laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1583-1591
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate microbial population in the rumen of dairy steers as influenced by supplementing with dietary condensed tannins and saponins and different roughage to concentrate ratios. Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers (Bos indicus) were used in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. The main factors were two roughage to concentrate ratios (R:C, 60:40 and 40:60) and two supplementations of rain tree pod meal (RPM) (0 and 60 g/kg of total DM intake). Chopped 30 g/kg urea treated rice straw was used as a roughage source. All animals received feed according to respective R:C ratios at 25 g/kg body weight. The RPM contained crude tannins and saponins at 84 and 143 g/kg of DM, respectively. It was found that ruminal pH decreased while ruminal temperature increased by a higher concentrate ratio (R:C 40:60) (p<0.05). In contrast, total bacterial, Ruminococus albus and viable proteolytic bacteria were not affected by dietary supplementation. Numbers of fungi, cellulolytic bacteria, Fibrobactor succinogenes and Ruminococus flavefaciens were higher while amylolytic bacteria was lower when steers were fed at 400 g/kg of concentrate. The population of Fibrobactor succinogenes, was found to be higher with RPM supplementation. In addition, the use of real-time PCR technique indicated that the population of protozoa and methanogens were decreased (p<0.05) with supplementation of RPM and with an increasing concentrate ratio. Supplementation of RPM and feeding different concentrate ratios resulted in changing the rumen microbes especially, when the animals were fed at 600 g/kg of concentrate and supplemented with RPM which significantly reduced the protozoa and methanogens population.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.594-602
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• 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) as a rumen enhancer of dry matter consumption, nutrient digestibilities, ruminal ecology, microbial protein synthesis and rumimal methane production in Holstein crossbred bulls. Methods: Four animals, with an average live-weight of 200±20 kg were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the influence of DFPP supplementation. There were four different dietary treatments: without DFPP, and with 200, 300, and 400 g/h/d, respectively. Results: Results revealed that dry matter consumption of total intake, rice straw and concentrate were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). It was also found that ruminal pH was not different among treatments (p>0.05), whilst protozoal group was reduced when DFPP increased (p<0.01). Blood urea nitrogen and NH3-N concentrations were increased at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.01). Additionally, volatile fatty acid production of propionate was significantly enhanced by the DFPP supplementation (p<0.05), while production of methane was consequently decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, microbial protein synthesis and urinary purine derivatives were remarkably increased especially at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plant secondary compounds or phytonutrients (PTN) containing saponins (SP) and condensed tannins (CT) have been reported to influence rumen fermentation. DFPP contains both CT and SP as a PTN. The addition of 400 g of DFPP resulted in improved rumen fermentation end-products especially propionate (C3) and microbial protein synthesis. Therefore, DFPP is a promising rumen enhancer and indicated a significant potential of DFPP as feedstuff for ruminant feed to mitigate rumen methane production.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of barley and barley bran contaminated with Fusarium spp on growth performance and feed efficiency of fattening and growing pigs. In experiment 1, total 48 fattening Landrace pigs were used in a fattening trial for 71 days. Pigs weighing around 75 kg were allocated into different substitution groups containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% of barley contaminated Fusarium spp. In experiment 2, total 16 growing Landrace pigs were used in a growing trial for 45 days. Pigs weighing around 29.4 kg were allocated into different substitution groups containing 0, 5, 10 and 20% of barley bran contaminated Fusarium spp. Mycotoxin concentrations of barley and barley bran contaminated with 30% Fusarium spp were 0.452 and 1.049 ppm for deoxynivalenol, 8.125 and 17.646 ppm for nivalenol and 0.023 and 0.029 ppm for zearalenone, respectively. In experiment 1, no differences were found in weight gain and feed intake between control group (0%) and 10 or 20% substitution groups, but in 30% substitution group, weight gain and feed intake were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in control group. After slaughtering, the extended haemorrhage of the fundus region in stomach was observed in 20 or 30% substitution groups. In experiment 2, weight gain and feed intake were not significantly different among treatment groups. After slaughtering of experimental pigs, the extended haemorrhage of the fundus region in stomach was observed in pigs fed diet with 20% substitution group. These results suggest that the feeding of diet with contaminated highly levels of Fusarium spp was negative effect on growth and feed efficiency in growing and fattening pig.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.143-147
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• 2005

팽이버섯 배지 부산물(F. velutipes media by-product)의 사료 자원화를 위하여 산란계 사료에 0, 5 및 $10\%$를 12주간 하이라인 갈색산란계 360수에게 급여하였다. 전 시험 기간 동안의 산란율, 난중, 산란량, 사료요구율 및 생존율은 대조구와 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사료섭취량은 대조구에서 120.5g 으로 T2의 123.9g보다 유의적으로 적었다(p<0.05). 난각강도, 난각두께 및 호우유니트도 시험 전 기간 동안 처리구간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 난황색은 대조구, T1, T2에서 각각 7.92, 7.29 및 6.83으로 대조구에 비하여 T2에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 팽이버섯배지부산물을 산란계 사료원료로서 $5\%$를 급여하여 대조구와 비교시 생산성 및 계란의 품질에 미치는 영향이 없었으므로 사료자원으로 이용이 가능하지만, $10\%$를 급여시에 난황색이 현저하게 저하되었으므로 착색제의 첨가가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.189-193
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• 1996

A study was conducted to estimate nutritive value of forage sources used in deer diets. Bags containing feedstuffs were incubated four times for periods up to 72 hours in two chemostats filled with ruminal fluid from deer or cattle. Parameters estimated were water-soluble and $65{\mu}m$ filterable plus insoluble digestible fractions(No. = 4) and extent of disappearance(No. = 8) of feed neutral detergent fiber(NDF). Among tested feeds, the ranking of values of these parameters were soybean hulls > alfalfa pellets > corn cobs or rice straw > cottonseed hulls or rice hulls > sawdust, indicating that soybean hulls and alfalfa pellets were more fermentable than other agricultural residues. It is possible to utilize variability among tested feeds of fraction, disappearance rate and (or) extent of DM and NDF when these feeds are used as roughage sources in deer diets.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 타피오카 주정박에 인삼박을 혼합하여 사일리지를 제조하였을 때, 사일리지의 품질 (시험 I)과 건물 섭취량 및 소화율 (시험 II)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사일리지 조제시 수분함량을 낮추기 위하여 소맥피를 10% 수준으로 첨가하였으며, 인삼박의 혼합비율은 원물기준으로 0, 15 및 30% 수준 (3 처리)으로 하였다. 처리당 5반복으로 20kg 씩 비닐백에 넣고 공기를 배제하여 포장한 후 $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서 30일간 숙성시켜 공시하였다. 시험 II의 소화 시험에서는 10개월령의 재래산양 수컷 12두 (평균체중 14 kg)를 공시하여서 처리당 4반복이 되게 하였다. 7일 동안의 적응기간을 거친 후, 5일간 소화율을 조사하였던 바, 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 인삼박의 혼합 비율이 증가함에 따라 조단백질, NDF 및 ADF의 양이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 특히 인삼박 30% 첨가구는 인상박 무첨가구와 인삼박 15% 침가구에 비하여 유의하게 높은 결과를 나타내었다 (P<0.05). 그리고 조지방 함량과 hemicellulose 함량은 처리구간에 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 2. pH는 인삼박을 혼합하므로서 유의하게 감소하였으며, 인삼박 처리구간에 는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 젖산 함량은 인삼박 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 많아졌으며(P<0.05), 총산도 인삼박 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비하여 유의하게 많은 결과를 나타냈다. 초산은 인삼박 30% 첨가구가 유의하게 적었다. 한편 낙산은 인삼박 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비하여 유의하게 적었다(P<0.05). 3. 사일리지의 섭취량은 인삼박 첨가구가 무첨가구 보다 유의하게 많았다. 건물 소화율은 인삼박을 많이 혼합할수록 증가하였다. 위의 결과로 볼 때 주정박에 인삼박을 혼합하여 사일리지를 조제하는 것은 주정박 만으로 조제할 때 보다 더 좋은 품질의 사일리지를 만들 수 있으며, 기타 유사 재료에 대해서도 광범위한 적용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.409-431
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• 2022

Various insects have emerged as novel feed resources due to their economical, eco-friendly, and nutritive characteristics. Fish, poultry, and pigs are livestock that can feed on insects. The digestibility of insect-containing meals were presented by the species, life stage, nutritional component, and processing methods. Several studies have shown a reduced apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) when insects were supplied as a replacement for commercial meals related to chitin. Although the expression of chitinase mRNA was present in several livestock, indigestible components in insects, such as chitin or fiber, could be a reason for the reduced ADC. However, various components can positively affect livestock health. Although the bio-functional properties of these components have been verified in vitro, they show positive health-promoting effects owing to their functional expression when directly applied to animal diets. Changes in the intestinal microbiota of animals, enhancement of immunity, and enhancement of antibacterial activity were confirmed as positive effects that can be obtained through insect diets. However, there are some issues with the safety of insects as feed. To increase the utility of insects as feed, microbial hazards, chemical hazards, and allergens should be regulated. The European Union, North America, East Asia, Australia, and Nigeria have established regulations regarding insect feed, which could enhance the utility of insects as novel feed resources for the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.591-595
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• 1993

A trial involving 200 day-old 288 Shaver chicks in a randomized experimental design tested the effects of using diets based on local feed materials (LF). Commercial imported counterpart feeds (CF) served as control diets. Birds were raised from 0-6 w on Chick Starter feed, from 7-17 w on Pullet Developer feed and from 18 to 72 w on Layer feed. The results obtained indicated that there were no significant differences in the performance of birds fed LF and CF diets during the Chick Starter and Pullet Developer phases. During the Laying phase, there were also no differences in laying percentage, (66 vs 65) and in egg size (62 vs 63 g) between LF and CF diets. Feed cost was lower on LF diet had a better egg yolk colour score, (4 vs 1) than those fed on CF diet. Feed cost was lower on LF than CF diets and the feed cost for producing eggs was approximately 50 percent lower on LF compared to CF (P$ 0.06 vs P$ 0.12). It was concluded that the use of locally available feed resources produces comparable performance to that obtained using commercial imported feeds. Secondly, using local materials markedly reduces feed cost and cost of producing eggs.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.85-85
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• 2005