• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.786-793
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• 2024

Latin America is a culturally, geographically, politically, and economically diverse region. Agriculture in Latin America is marked by a remarkable diversity of production systems, reflecting various agroecological zones, farm sizes, and technological levels. In the last decade, the swine industry increased by 30.6%, emerging as a great contributor to food security and economic development in Latin America. Brazil and Mexico dominate the pig production landscape, together accounting for 70% of sow inventory in the region. The swine industry in Latin America is predominantly comprised of small and medium-sized farms, however, in the past 30 years, the number of pig producers in Brazil dropped by 78%, whereas pork production increased by 326%. Similar to the global pork industry, the growing demand for pork, driven by population growth and changing dietary habits, presents an opportunity for the industry with an expected growth of 16% over the next decade. The export prospects are promising, however subject to potential disruptions from global market conditions and shifts in trade policies. Among the challenges faced by the swine industry, disease outbreaks, particularly African Swine Fever (ASF), present significant threats, necessitating enhanced biosecurity and surveillance systems. In 2023, ASF was reported to the Dominican Republic and Haiti, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Venezuela, and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) in Mexico, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Ecuador. Additionally, feed costs, supply chain disruptions, and energy expenses have affected mainly the smaller and less efficient producers. The swine industry is also transitioning towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, including efficient feed usage, and precision farming. Ensuring long-term success in the swine industry in Latin America requires a holistic approach that prioritizes sustainability, animal welfare, and consumer preferences, ultimately positioning the industry to thrive in the evolving global market.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.552-557
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• 2013

Partially purified ${\alpha}$-galactosidase from Bacillus sp. LX-1 was non-covalently immobilized on a reversibly soluble-insoluble polymer, Eudragit L-100, and an immobilization efficiency of 0.93 was obtained. The optimum pH of the free and immobilized enzyme was 6.5 to 7.0 and 7.0, respectively, while there was no change in optimum temperature between the free and immobilized ${\alpha}$-galactosidase. The immobilized ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was reutilized six times without significant loss in activity. The immobilized enzyme showed good storage stability at $37^{\circ}C$, retaining about 50% of its initial activity even after 18 d at this temperature, while the free enzyme was completely inactivated. The immobilization of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase from Bacillus sp. LX-1 on Eudragit L-100 may be a promising strategy for removal of ${\alpha}$-galacto-oligosaccharides such as raffinose and stachyose from soybean meal and other legume in feed industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.852-860
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• 2012

An Antarctic bacterial isolate displaying extracellular ${\alpha}$-galactosidic activity was named Paenibacillus sp. LX-20 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Optimal activity for the LX-20 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase occurred at pH 6.0-6.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. The enzyme immobilized on the smart polymer Eudragit L-100 retained 70% of its original activity after incubation for 30 min at $50^{\circ}C$, while the free enzyme retained 58% of activity. The enzyme had relatively high specificity for ${\alpha}$-D-galactosides such as p-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-galactopyranoside, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, and was resistant to some proteases such as trypsin, pancreatin and pronase. Enzyme activity was almost completely inhibited by $Ag^+$, $Hg^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, but activity was not affected by ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol or EDTA. LX-20 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase may be potentially useful as an additive for soybean processing in the feed industry.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

The purpose of this experimental study is to gain equations for the prediction of surface roughness depending on the three major parameters(the cutting speed, the feed rate and the nose radius). It is the merit of Response Surface Methodology that the test time is reduced to minimum size and accurate analysis can be done. On this study, first, made specimen, Al 5052 BE material which is widely used in school and cut the specimen with coated tungsten carbide tools, by varying the cutting conditions, such as the cutting speed, the feed rate and the nose radius. In conclusion, the surface roughness was most greatly influenced by the feed rate. And Surface Roughness equation gained by experiment is as followed $$R=58.2\;v^{-0.22}f^{1.7}r^{-0.66}$$.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-31
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• 1981

1980년 6월 7일부터 8월 8일까지 실내순환수조에서 고형사료 pellet을 이용한 뱀장어(Anguilla japonica) 사육실험을 했다. 실험에 이용한 뱀장어는 1974년부터 1976년 사이 본 대학에 들어온 것 중에서 성장이 불진하여 남아 있던 것을 이용했다. 실험 결과, 사료계수 $1.05{\sim}1.678$, 일간성장률$0.96{\sim}1.46\%$로 나타났으며, 특히 이 중에서도 가장 작은 것들도 일간성장률 $1.3\%$의 높은 성장률을 나타내었다. 이것은 현재까지 일반 뱀장어 양식에 이용되어온 반죽사료와 비교해 볼 때에 못지않는 충분한 생장이었다. 또한 Pellet을 이용함으로 해서 먹이를 주고 난뒤 수질이 흐려지는 것도 방지할 수 있었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2023

The Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, is a highly valued and industrially important aquaculture species with growing demands of the expanding abalone aquaculture industry. To explore the feasibility of using the brown alga, Sargassum horneri, as a potential substitute for abalone feed, it is important to identify the feed preference and attractant effect of S. horneri on Pacific abalone. Our experiments indicated that the feeding-associated movement of abalone could be detected using a video tracking system under indirect illumination with dim red light. To further analyze the attraction potentials of various test materials, preference analysis was performed using Avicel-coated glass plates with ground powders of various seaweeds (e.g., S. horneri, Saccharina japonica, and Undaria pinnatifida) and commercial abalone feed, together with coffee waste. Heat map analysis indicated greater attraction by the kelp S. japonica than by S. horneri and commercial feed, which showed similar preference levels. Feeding preference based on the area of Avicel eaten by abalone showed a significant preference for U. pinnatifida over S. horneri (feeding area: 68.6 ± 20.1% vs. 37.5 ± 22.4%, p < 0.05). Additionally, the feeding area was significantly greater for plates with S. japonica than for plates with S. horneri (44.0 ± 16.6% vs. 22.6 ± 15.4%, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in feeding area between commercial feed and S. horneri (31.7 ± 11.6% vs. 31.6 ± 20.2%, p > 0.05). The methanol extracts attracted abalone in the following order: U. pinnatifida > S. horneri > S. japonica > commercial feed > coffee waste. To determine the attractive effects of the components of methanol extracts, mixtures of methanol extracts of commercial feed with increasing amounts of S. horneri were examined. The results showed a significant increase in feeding preference upon addition of S. horneri up to 50% and 75%, suggesting its potential for use as an appetite-enhancing feed additive. This study identified conditions that can be successfully used to monitor the movement of Pacific abalone; the results of preference analysis confirmed that abalone exhibited similar attraction and feeding preference for S. horneri, compared with commercial feed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2020

본 시험은 돼지 사료 내 단백질원으로 사용되는 원료사료의 외관상 회장 아미노산 소화율과 표준 회장 아미노산 소화율을 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 시험에서 T-cannula를 회장에 설치한 자돈(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc, 14.4±0.35kg) 6두를 공시동물로 사용하였으며, 6×6 라틴스퀘어 설계법(Latin square design)을 이용하였다. 평가 원료사료로서 옥수수 배아, 옥수수 글루텐 밀, 옥수수 글루텐 피드, 클로렐라 및 라이신 부산물이 사용하였으며, 각 원료사료별 5일의 적응기간과 2일의 소화물 채취기간을 두었다. 라이신의 외관상 회장 소화율에서 클로렐라와 라이신 부산물이 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 각각 79.1% 및 78.7%이였다. 메치오닌의 외관상 회장 소화율은 원료사료들 간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 트레오닌의 외관상 회장 소화율은 클로렐라가 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 81.8%이였다. 라이신의 표준 회장 소화율에서 클로렐라, 라이신 부산물 및 옥수수 글루텐밀이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 각각 80.4%, 79.5% 및 77.0%이였다. 메치오닌의 표준 회장 소화율은 원료사료들 간의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 트레오닌의 표준 회장 소화율은 클로렐라가 라이신 부산물, 옥수수 글루텐 피드에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 84.2%이였다. 본 연구결과, 클로렐라와 라이신 부산물의 외관상 및 표준 회장 아미노산 소화율이 가장 우수하였으며, 이 원료들은 돼지 사료 내 단백질 대체 원료사료로서 가치가 있음을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.558-564
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• 1999

A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effects of standard (ST), long-term (LT), and expander (EX) conditioners on nutritional value of phase-three nursery and finishing swine diets. In Exp. 1, 180 pigs (average initial BW of 11.7 kg) were fed com-soybean meal based diets (1.3% lysine) during a 28 d growth assay. Gain/feed was improved (p<0.004) with pelleting and pellet durability index (PDI) increased with degree of conditioning (LT>ST). However, there was no advantage for LT vs ST conditioning in rate or efficiency of gain (p>0.5). In Exp. 2, 180 pigs (average initial BW of 10.4 kg) were fed con-soybean meal based diets (0.9% lysine) during a 28 d growth assay, Pelleted diets tended to support greater ADG (p<0.08) and gain/feed (p<0.002) with no marked advantage from EX vs ST conditioning. In Exp 3, a total of 70 barrows (average initial BW of 54 kg) was used in a growth assay to determine the effects of feeding a com-soybean meal based diet processed with a standard (ST) steam conditioner, a long-term (LT) steam conditioner, and an expander (EX) conditioner. The conditioned diets were fed as mash (M) or pellets (P) to give a $2{\times}3$ factorial plus a meal control. PDI increased with degree of conditioning (EX>LT>ST). There was a trend (p<0.07) for greater ADG in pigs fed diets that had been thermally conditioned. Also, there was a general advantage in gain/feed with pelleting (p<0.04), but this advantage was pronounced only with standard conditioning. Indeed, the greatest gain/feed was observed for pigs fed the expander treatments (p<0.03) and the expander mash was used as efficiently as the expander pellets. There was no difference in backfat thickness among pigs fed the treatments (p>0.3). but the more extreme the processing technique. the greater the incidence and severity of stomach lesions (p<0.04). These results suggest maximum rate and efficiency of growth with pelleting after standard steam conditioning or simply feeding an expanded mash.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2015

가축산업분야에서 항생제의 사용이 금지됨에 따라, 질병 예방을 통한 축산농가의 생산성 향상을 위해 사료첨가제인 미생물제재의 개발과 같은 예방적 수단이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구는 가축의 생산성을 높이기 위해 사료 분해 능력이 좋고 항균활성이 뛰어난 포자 형성 Bacillus 균주 3종인 B. sutilis LCB7, B. licheniformis SHS14, B. amyloliquefaciens LCB10을 우수 균주로 선발하였다. 최종적으로 선발한 Bacillus 3종을 1:1:1 비율로 혼합하여 혼합 종균을 제조하여 항균시험(in vitro) 결과, 단일 3종 및 lincomycin과 비교하여 유사한 활성을 보여주었으며, 송아지를 이용하여 항균활성 시험(in vivo)을 실시한 결과에서도 lincomycin 투여 대비 90% 수준의 높은 활성을 보여주었다. 개발한 혼합 종균의 안정적 보존을 위해 혼합 종균을 제조하여 다시 증균을 통하여 미생물군집 분석을 통하여 확인한 결과, 초기 군집비율과 증균 후 군집비율이 매우 유사하게 유지되었다. 이로서 본 연구에서는 선발된 Bacillus 균주 3종을 이용하여 제조한 혼합 종균이 사료첨가제용 미생물제재로서 이용 가능함을 최종 확인하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.109-109
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• 2008