• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 1999

The purposesof the study are to analyze the community nursing center in U.S.A and to develop the model of nursing care system based on nurse-midwifery clinic in community for women's health in Korea. 1. In America nursing center is defined as nurse-anchored system of primary care delivery or neighborhood health center. Nursing centers are identified the following four types: (1) community outreach centers, which are similar to traditional public health clinics: (2) institutional-based centers following the mission of a large institution, such as a hospital or university: (3) wellness/health promotion centers, which offer screening, education, counseling, triage, and health maintenance services: and (4) independent practice. Nursing centers are a concept of services provided by nurses in practice arrangements in a community. Nursing centers offer a variety of services, ranging from primary care provided by advanced practice nurses with medical acute management and nursing care to the more traditional education, health promotion, screening wellness and coordination services. Some services, such as the care provided by advanced practice nurses are reimbursed under various insurance plan in some instances and states, where as others, such as preventive and educational services, are not. Thus, lack of reimbursement has threatened the survival of some centers. Licensing of nursing centers varies by state and program and accreditation of nursing centers is also limited. 52% of centers are affiliated with another facility and 48% are freestanding centers. The number of registered nurse at the nursing centers ranges from just one to 115, with a mean of eight RNs peragency and a median of three. Nursing centers avail ability varies: 14% are open 24 hours, 27% have variable short hours, 23% are open 6-7 days per week, and 36% are open Monday- Friday. As the result of my visiting three health centers in Seattle and San Francisco, the women's primary care nurse practitioners focus on a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the health status of women and diagnosis and management of common physical and psychosocial health concerns of women in ambulatory settings. Therapeutic nursing strategies are directed toward self-care, risk reoduction, health surveillance, stress reduction, healthy nutrition, social support, healthy coping, psychological well-being, and pharmacological therapy. They function as primary care providers for the well ness and illness care of women from adolescence through the older adult years and pregnant families. 2. In Korea a nurse-midwife practices independently for pregnant women's health including childbearing family at her own clinic in community. Her services are reimbursed under national health insurance but they are not paid on a fee-for-service schedule covering items. Analyzing the nursing centers in America, I suggest that nurse-midwifery clinics offer primary care for women and home care for chronic ill patients. The health law and health insurance policy should be reovised in order to expand nurse-midwife's and home care nurse's roles at nurse-midwifery clinic.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.309-321
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• 2002

Purpose: A cost analysis for nursing services in operative nursing unit, emergency nursing unit, and ambulatory nursing unit was performed using patient classification system by nursing intensity in order to determine an appropriate nursing fee schedule. Method: The data were collected from 4 secondary hospitals and 5 tertiary hospitals from November 14th 2000 to January 15th 2001. The study was conducted through four phases as follows: 1) Nursing hours of each nursing service in special nursing units were measured using three kinds of patient classification systems by nursing intensity. 2) The nursing cost of nursing services in operative nursing unit, emergency nursing unit, and ambulatory nursing units was estimated based on patient classification system by nursing intensity. Results: As a result, nursing hours by nursing intensity of each special nursing unit were measured, and every nursing cost by nursing intensity in operation room and emergency room was estimated, meanwhile, the cost of nursing services in ambulatory care units was estimated only per visit as shown in chapter 4. Conclusion: Future research on nursing cost should be extended to other special nursing units such as various intensive nursing care units, delivery room, and so on. In addition, the patient classification system should be refined for its appropriateness to apply all levels of medical institutions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.257-266
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• 2018

This study was carried out to examine comparison of relating influencing factors on medical service satisfaction between general dental patients and orthodontic patients and to improve quality of the medical services by the treatment type of the visit. The data were collected from 421 patients who visited dental clinics and hospitals in Daegu and Gyeongbuk region, using self-administered questionnaire for the period from Sep 1 to Sep 30, 2015. The multiple regression showed that the medical staff and medical fee were common statistically significant independent variables to influence service satisfaction in both groups, however, fear in the treatment was added to statistically significant variables in only the orthodontic patients. Therefore, based on the provision of high - quality medical services and adequate medical care for patients' satisfaction, comprehensive plans including tailor-made counseling management and reducing the fear of dental treatment for general dental patients should be needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.142-145
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• 2001

I did research or design technology of(integration) network of PSTN and PSDN in this paper. Network structure model in association with soft switching and access gateway can create various services based on web and live time and service fee at the rate of bandwidth which can't be provided by existing network based on SONET. Also, interns of capability(function) of each area and construction of local network subscribers, it has great recovery capability by separating each network as local areas. It indicates that it can additionally maximize the application of its own communication network and drastic reduction of communication cost because it is alternated to exclusive usage cost.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.131-148
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• 2006

With the rapid penetration of digital technology In recent years, there are growing expectations that many new services will soon become available. One of the new services is 3Dimension(3D) services, because our concern is concentrated on the quality of information that exceeds the digitalization of information. A stereoscopic technique for generating 3D images is contributed to raise the quality of Information and Communication Technology(ICT) service and is extensively applied to various fields. So 3D services, based on that technique, are expected to create a new market for ICT industry and provide significant benefits to consumers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the consumer preference and evaluate the economic value of the 3D broadcasting service, so it provides propriety of the 3D technology development for market planners and product developers who need to assess the market potential of a product that is not yet available for actual test marketing. And it is useful for decision-makers in considering the provision of 3D services. In this paper, the gang survey was conducted to understand consumer preference of 3D services. And it attempts to apply the contingent valuation method(CVM) to measuring the willingness to Pay(WTP) for the 3D broadcasting service and analyzing the determinants of the WTP.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.302-312
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) and its conversion factor for advanced nursing practices carried out by critical care nurse practitioners (CCNP) in intensive care units. Methods: The methodology was developed by calculating CCNP's RBRVS for 32 advanced nursing services based on CCNP's workload and time spent in the context of national health insurance. A cost analysis was performed to estimate the conversion factor of CCNP's RBRVS. The share of CCNP's contribution to fee-for-service in intensive care units was also analyzed. Results: Calculation of the RBRVS of 32 advanced nursing practices showed a range of points from 100.0 to 1,181.4 and an average of 296.1 points. The relevant conversion factor for advanced nursing practices in CCNP were estimated at 37.3-48.4 won. The contribution rate of CCNP's advanced nursing practices in the relative value scale of the national health insurance was estimated at 0.1-31.3%. Conclusion: Measuring the economic value of advanced nursing services will be a basis for esta-blishing a reimbursement system for CCNP's practices and thus encourage a social demand for advanced nurse practitioners.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2023

Currently, a new energy system is emerging that implements consumption reduction by improving energy efficiency. Accordingly, as smart grids spread, the rate system by timing is expanding. The rate system by timing is a rate system that applies different rates by season/hour to pay according to usage. In this study, external factors such as temperature/day/time/season are considered and the time series prediction model, LSTM, is used to predict energy power usage data. Based on this energy usage prediction model, energy usage charges are reduced by analyzing usage patterns for each device and transferring power energy from the maximum load time to the light load time. In order to analyze the usage pattern for each device, a clustering technique is used to learn and classify the usage pattern of the device by time. In summary, this study predicts usage and usage fees based on the user's power data usage, analyzes usage patterns by device, and provides customized demand transfer services based on analysis, resulting in cost reduction for users.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to reexamine current oriental medical treatment fees based on valuation of input resources which are the treating time, the treatment's difficulty, and the material cost. Methods : This study obtained the following results by reviewing the answers given by 172 oriental medical doctors from March 1 to April 15, 2006. To investigate material cost, we took inventory of treatment materials used by 2 oriental hospitals. Results : The current system does not reflect well enough the treating time and treatment's difficulty. Considering current oriental treatment fees, material costs are too much of doctors' fees. Especially, Wang-ssuk-dduem, which is another form of moxibustion treatment, was spent as much as 74.6% on materials cost. Conclusions : The findings suggest the current oriental treatment fees should be revised to reflect the actual input resources into oriental medical doctor activities and to avoid a distortion of physicians' behavior.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.29
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• pp.27-63
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyze the document delivery service(DDS) of the academic libraries and suggest its improvement model in Korea. DDS means providing copies of information requests in any format and from any source. And DDS is gaining in importance as libraries turn to 'just-in-time' access rather than 'just-in-case' collection to meet user information needs. By good fortune, rising journal subscription prices, declining financial resources, canceling some of journal subscriptions, electronic transmission technologies, and the rise of commercial document delivery services have allowed libraries to begin to deliver articles to users in a much more rapid and acceptable time frame. Therefore, the library paradigm for the 2000s must be the creation of new document delivery structures which capitalize on the access tolls and structures created by librarians during the past generations. First of all, library-based document service requires a close review of existing library-to-library delivery mechanisms, application of technology to transfer of facsimiles of materials and facilitated use of existing fee-based document sources. The ideal document delivery system would feature a transparent, seamless electronic service incorporating searching and browsing identification and marking of desired items, and transmission and fulfillment of requests. And requested items would be supplied from library collection, commercial suppliers, or other sources. But the future of DDS will succeed when physical resources, policies, personnel, and practices are organized to provide timely information delivery to users.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.200-207
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• 2014

This study aimed to assess the quality of outpatient antibiotic consumption in Korea compared with other countries. We used the National Health Insurance claims data for outpatient services in March, June, September, and December in 2012 and calculated nine indicator values based on the 12 European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) drug-specific quality indicators. Indicator values in this study reflect the yearly use of antibiotic expressed in defined daily doses for 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) and the use of main subclasses of antibiotics expressed in DID and as percentage of the total antibiotic use. Korea showed lower quality in the consumption of total antibiotics (J01), especially in the use of Cephalosporins (J01D) expressed in DID. Korea also showed low quality with regard to the use of narrow/broad spectrum antibiotics. The percentage of the use of narrow-spectrum Penicillins (J01CE) was lowest in Korea. The quality on the use of the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporin (J01(DD+DE)) was the fourth lowest among 26 countries. High rates of antibiotic resistance and payment system based on fee-for-service might have influenced on the high consumption of the broad spectrum antibiotics in Korea. It needs to further investigate the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics to identify the target of strategies promoting quality use of antibiotics in Korea.