• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.279-289
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate features of leisure and recreation scholarship study in The Korean Journal of physical education based on co-authors network and topic modeling through using Word Cloud and LDA Topic Modeling(Latent Dirichlet Allocation). The data collected for this study are 2,697 papers published online from January 2008 to March 2017 on the Korean journal of physical education. Respectively ordered analysis targets are the major author, author of correspondence, co-author 1, co-author 2, co-author n in related document to explore studies' trends using the 369 documents. As a result, the co-author network analysis result found that 451 were linked to the research network, on average researchers had 1.52 relationships and the average distance between researchers was 2.33. The Representative author's concentration of connection was ranked high in the order of the following, Lee. K. M., Hwang. S. H., H., Lee. C. S., and proximity centers were shown in Seo K. B., Han. J. H., Kim. K. J. Finally, parameter-centric features appeared in order of Lee. C. W. and Seo. K. B. was most actively connected between the researchers of the leisure-related academic papers. Future research needs discussions among scholars regarding the trend and direction of future leisure research.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.80-81
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• 2012

Recently, one of the critical issues in the etching processes of the nanoscale devices is to achieve ultra-high aspect ratio contact (UHARC) profile without anomalous behaviors such as sidewall bowing, and twisting profile. To achieve this goal, the fluorocarbon plasmas with major advantage of the sidewall passivation have been used commonly with numerous additives to obtain the ideal etch profiles. However, they still suffer from formidable challenges such as tight limits of sidewall bowing and controlling the randomly distorted features in nanoscale etching profile. Furthermore, the absence of the available plasma simulation tools has made it difficult to develop revolutionary technologies to overcome these process limitations, including novel plasma chemistries, and plasma sources. As an effort to address these issues, we performed a fluorocarbon surface kinetic modeling based on the experimental plasma diagnostic data for silicon dioxide etching process under inductively coupled C4F6/Ar/O2 plasmas. For this work, the SiO2 etch rates were investigated with bulk plasma diagnostics tools such as Langmuir probe, cutoff probe and Quadruple Mass Spectrometer (QMS). The surface chemistries of the etched samples were measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer. To measure plasma parameters, the self-cleaned RF Langmuir probe was used for polymer deposition environment on the probe tip and double-checked by the cutoff probe which was known to be a precise plasma diagnostic tool for the electron density measurement. In addition, neutral and ion fluxes from bulk plasma were monitored with appearance methods using QMS signal. Based on these experimental data, we proposed a phenomenological, and realistic two-layer surface reaction model of SiO2 etch process under the overlying polymer passivation layer, considering material balance of deposition and etching through steady-state fluorocarbon layer. The predicted surface reaction modeling results showed good agreement with the experimental data. With the above studies of plasma surface reaction, we have developed a 3D topography simulator using the multi-layer level set algorithm and new memory saving technique, which is suitable in 3D UHARC etch simulation. Ballistic transports of neutral and ion species inside feature profile was considered by deterministic and Monte Carlo methods, respectively. In case of ultra-high aspect ratio contact hole etching, it is already well-known that the huge computational burden is required for realistic consideration of these ballistic transports. To address this issue, the related computational codes were efficiently parallelized for GPU (Graphic Processing Unit) computing, so that the total computation time could be improved more than few hundred times compared to the serial version. Finally, the 3D topography simulator was integrated with ballistic transport module and etch reaction model. Realistic etch-profile simulations with consideration of the sidewall polymer passivation layer were demonstrated.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop an agent-based computing platform enabling simulation of on-farm produce contamination by enteric foodborne pathogens, which is herein called PPMCS (Preharvest Produce Microbial Contamination Simulator). Also, fecal contamination of preharvest produce was simulated using PPMCS. Although Agent-based Modeling and Simulation, the tool applied in this study, is rather popular in where socio-economical human behaviors or ecological fate of animals in their niche are to be predicted, the incidence of on-farm produce contamination which are thought to be sporadic has never been simulated using this tool. The agents in PPMCS including crop, animal as a source of fecal contamination, and fly as a vector spreading the fecal contamination are given their intrinsic behaviors that are set to be executed at certain probability. Once all these agents are on-set following the intrinsic behavioral rules, consequences as the sum of all the behaviors in the system can be monitored real-time. When fecal contamination of preharvest produce was simulated in PPMCS as numbers of animals, flies, and initially contaminated plants change, the number of animals intruding cropping area affected most on the number of contaminated plants at harvest. For further application, the behaviors and variables of the agents are adjustable depending on user's own scenario of interest. This feature allows PPMCS to be utilized in where different simulating conditions are tested.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.99-113
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• 1999

The role of a GIS as a tool for a national information infrastructure can best be fulfilled once GIS standards are implemented. In this paper, we have identified what the contents of GIS standards in other countries are, and what should be the future direction for implementing a nation's GIS standards. Based on a detailed review on GIS standards in the USA, Australia, Japan and the United Kingdom, we derived the following: (1) A nations's GIS standards should include both geographic information content standards and geographic information service standards: (2) A nation's GIS standards should be a profile of ISO GIS standards: (3) Each GIS standards should be developed on the bassis of the Entity-Relationship Model using Unified Modeling Language: and (4) Experts in GIS should pay much more attention on studies on GIS service standardization. As for building the national GIS Standards for Korea, we recommend both GIS Content Standards and GIS Service Standards be simultaneously developed. GIS Content Standards include geographic feature content standard, feature classification standard, portrayal standard, rules for application standards, spatial reference model and terminology. GIS Service Standards include standards for data sharing such as metadata standard and transfer standard, quality standard, quality principle and portrayal standards.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new technique of image based rendering(IBR) for the pose transformation of a face by using only a frontal face image and its mesh without a three-dimensional model. To substitute the 3D geometric model, first, we make up a standard mesh set of a certain person for several face sides ; front. left, right, half-left and half-right sides. For the given person, we compose only the frontal mesh of the frontal face image to be transformed. The other mesh is automatically generated based on the standard mesh set. And then, the frontal face image is geometrically transformed to give different view by using Invertible Meshwarp Algorithm, which is improved to tolerate the overlap or inversion of neighbor vertexes in the mesh. The same warping algorithm is used to generate the opening or closing effect of both eyes and a mouth. To evaluate the transformation performance, we capture dynamic images from 10 persons rotating their heads horizontally. And we measure the location error of 14 main features between the corresponding original and transformed facial images. That is, the average difference is calculated between the distances from the center of both eyes to each feature point for the corresponding original and transformed images. As a result, the average error in feature location is about 7.0% of the distance from the center of both eyes to the center of a mouth.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.86-96
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose stereo vision-based obstacle detection and vehicle verification methods using U-disparity map and bird's-eye view mapping. First, we extract a road feature using maximum frequent values in each row and column. And we extract obstacle areas on the road using the extracted road feature. To extract obstacle areas exactly we utilize U-disparity map. We can extract obstacle areas exactly on the U-disparity map using threshold value which consists of disparity value and camera parameter. But there are still multiple obstacles in the extracted obstacle areas. Thus, we perform another processing, namely segmentation. We convert the extracted obstacle areas into a bird's-eye view using camera modeling and parameters. We can segment obstacle areas on the bird's-eye view robustly because obstacles are represented on it according to ranges. Finally, we verify the obstacles whether those are vehicles or not using various vehicle features, namely road contacting, constant horizontal length, aspect ratio and texture information. We conduct experiments to prove the performance of our proposed algorithms in real traffic situations.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.9-23
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• 2015

A lane change maneuver which has a high driver cognitive workload and skills sometimes leads to severe traffic accidents. In this study, the Advanced Lane Change Assist System (ALCAS) was developed to assist with the automatic lane changes in merging sections which is mainly based on an automatic control algorithm for detecting an available gap, determining the Optimal Lane Change Start Point (OLCSP) in various traffic conditions, and positioning the merging vehicle at the OLCSP safely by longitudinal automatic controlling. The analysis of lane change behavior and modeling of fundamental lane change feature were performed for determining the default parameters and the boundary conditions of the algorithm. The algorithm was composed of six steps with closed-loop. In order to confirm the algorithm performance, numerical scenario tests were performed in various surrounding vehicles conditions. Moreover, feasibility of the developed system was verified in microscopic traffic simulation(VISSIM 5.3 version). The results showed that merging vehicles using the system had a tendency to find the OLCSP readily and precisely, so improved merging performance was observed when the system was applied. The system is also effective even during increases in vehicle volume of the mainline.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.563-568
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• 2007

This paper presents a methodology for predicting nonlinear time series based on the neural network with weighted fuzzy membership functions (NEWFM). The degree of classification intensity is obtained by bounded sum of weighted fuzzy membership functions extracted by NEWFM, then weighted average defuzzification is used for predicting nonlinear time series. The experimental results demonstrate that NEWFM has the classification capability of 92.22% against the target class of GDP. The time series created by NEWFM model has a relatively close approximation to the GDP which is a typical business cycle indicator, and has been proved to be a useful indicator which has the turning point forecasting capability of average 12 months in the peak point and average 6 months in the trough point during 5th to 8th cyclical period. In addition, NEWFM measures the efficiency of the economic indexes by the feature selection and enables the users to forecast with reduced numbers of 7 among 10 leading indexes while improving the classification rate from 90% to 92.22%.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

In this paper, we realized a real-time text-independent speaker recognition system using gaussian mixture model, and applied frame level likelihood normalization method which shows its effects in verification system. The system has three parts as front-end, training, recognition. In front-end part, cepstral mean normalization and silence removal method were applied to consider speaker's speaking variations. In training, gaussian mixture model was used for speaker's acoustic feature modeling, and maximum likelihood estimation was used for GMM parameter optimization. In recognition, likelihood score was calculated with speaker models and test data at frame level. As test sentences, we used text-independent sentences. ETRI 445 and KLE 452 database were used for training and test, and cepstrum coefficient and regressive coefficient were used as feature parameters. The experiment results show that the frame-level likelihood method's recognition result is higher than conventional method's, independently the number of registered speakers.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.2 s.54
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• pp.231-242
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• 2009

The baseline distribution of a structure represents the statistical distribution of dynamic response feature from the healthy state of the structure. Generally, damage-sensitive dynamic response feature of a structure manifest themselves near the tail of a baseline statistical distribution. In this regard, some researchers have paid attention to extreme value distribution for modeling the tail of a baseline distribution. However, few researches have been conducted to theoretically understand the extreme value distribution from a perspective of statistical damage assessment. This study investigates the asymptotic convergence of domain of attraction in extreme value distribution through parameter estimation, which is needed for reliable statistical damage assessment. In particular, the asymptotic convergence of a domain of attraction is quantified with respect to the sample size out of which each extreme value is extracted. The effect of the sample size on false positive alarms in statistical damage assessment is quantitatively investigated as well. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerically simulated acceleration data on a two span continuous truss bridge.