• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2010

A EAARS(Electronic Attendance-Absence Recording System) is the important LSS(Learning Support System) for blending a on-line learning in the face-to-face classroom. However, the EAARS based on the smart card can not identify a real owner of the checked card. Therefore, we develop the CS(Client-Sever) system that manages the attendance-absence checking automatically, which is used the self-organizing neural network for the face recognition. A client system creates the ID file by extracting the face feature, a server system analyzes the ID file sent from client system, and performs a student identification by using the Recognized weight file saved in Database. As a result, The proposed CS EAARS shows the 92% efficiency in the CS environment that includes the various face image database of the real classroom.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.513-516
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• 2012

Objective : It is rare that the medial loop in the V2 segment of the vertebral artery (VA) causes compression of the proximal cervical root of the spinal cord without leading to bony erosion and an enlarged foramen. We evaluated the clinical significance and incidence of the medial loop in the V2 segment of the VA. Methods : We reviewed the records from 1000 consecutive patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the cervical spine between January 2005 and January 2008. The inclusion criteria were that over a third of the axial aspect of the VA located in the intervertebral foramen was inside the line between the most ventral points of the bilateral lateral mass, and that the ipsilateral proximal root deviated dorsally because of the medial loop of the VA. We excluded cases of bone erosion, a widened foramen at the medial loop of the VA, any bony abnormalities, tumors displacing VA, or vertebral fractures. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively to search for factors of clinical significance. Results : In six patients (0.6%), the VA formed a medial loop that caused compression of the proximal cervical root. One of these patients had the cervical radiculopathy that developed after minor trauma but the others did not present with cervical radiculopathy related to the medial loop of the VA. Conclusion : The medial loop of the VA might have a direct effect on cervical radiculopathy. Therefore, this feature should be of critical consideration in preoperative planning and during surgery.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.985-993
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• 2001

Neural networks are shown to be effective in being able to distinguish incomplete penetration-like weld defects by directly analyzing the plasma which is generated on each impingement of the laser on the materials. The performance is similar to that of existing methods based on extracted feature parameters. In each case around 93% of the defects in a database derived from 100 artificially produced defects of known types can be placed into one of two classes: incomplete penetration and bubbling. The present method based on classification using plasma is faster, and the speed is sufficient to allow on-line classification during data collection.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

Under a very tough situation that there has been increasing concern to the air quality in underground subway spaces, this study set sights on the thorough estimation of the chemical properties and source apportionment of particulate matter (PM) collected on an underground subway platform by a cooperative approach of semi-bulk and single particle analyses. The size-resolved PMs were intensively collected on the platform of Miasageori station on the Seoul Subway Line-4, and then, they were semibulkily analyzed by a PIXE and the TOR$^{(R)}$ method, and individually analyzed by a SEM-EDX. Overwhelmingly enriched iron was a notable feature of elemental concentration of $PM_{2.5}$. Source classification of iron in $PM_{10-2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ performed along with their elemental concentrations, indicates that the railway originated iron accounts for 95.71% and 66.39% of total iron in $PM_{10-2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. Via a stoichiometric categorization, $Fe_2O_3$, $CaAl_2Si_2O_8$, $Al_2O_3$, and $CaCO_3$ show more than 85% abundance ratio in individual coarse particles. The result of theoretical estimation of the subway derived organic carbon ($OC_{Subway}$) suggests that $OC_{Subway}$ in $PM_1$ and $PM_{2.5-1}$ account for 75.86% and 51.88% of total organic carbon, respectively.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

This study has analyzed the scanning path algorithm shown at the process of exploring spatial information through an observation experiment with the object of lobby in subway station. In the estimation of observation time by section, the frequency of scanning type was found to increase as the observation time got longer, which makes it possible that the longer the observation lasts the more the observation interruptions occur. In addition, the observation slipped out of the range of imaging when any fatigue was caused from the observation or the more active exploration took place. Furthermore, when the trend line was employed for the examination of the changes to the scanning type by time section, "concentration" "diagonal or vertical" showed a sharp and a gentle increases along with the increase of time section respectively, while "circulation. combination, horizontal" showed a reduction. The observation data of the subjects observing a space include various visual information. The analysis of the scanning type found at "attention concentration" enabled to draw this significant conclusion. The features of increase and decrease of scanning types can be a fundamental data for understanding the scanning tendency by time.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.399-422
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• 2011

There has been an agreement on the necessity for each citizen is to be educated, so called, to develop quantitative literacy or statistical literacy, dealing with real world data. For this reason, it is highly demanded to improve traditional statistics education. In particular, critical thought and statistical communication competency cultivation is becoming more crucial in statistics classes. In line with this reform movement in statistics education, we developed tasks facilitating statistical debate among students through inducing cognitive conflict. The tasks employed for this study resulted in playing crucial role to activate statistical debate. Including aforementioned feature about the tasks for this study, we obtained several positive results such as promoting critical thought and conceptual extension by designed teaching experiment focusing on statistical debate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• 제25권6_1호
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• pp.545-555
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• 2007

3D buildings are the most prominent feature comprising urban scene. A few of mega-cities in the globe are virtually reconstructed in photo-realistic 3D models, which becomes accessible by the public through the state-of-the-art online mapping services. A lot of research efforts have been made to develop automatic reconstruction technique of large-scale 3D building models from remotely sensed data. However, existing methods still produce irregular building polygons due to errors induced partly by uncalibrated sensor system, scene complexity and partly inappropriate sensor resolution to observed object scales. Thus, a geometric regularization technique is urgently required to rectify such irregular building polygons that are quickly captured from low sensory data. This paper aims to develop a new method for regularizing noise building outlines extracted from airborne LiDAR data, and to evaluate its performance in comparison with existing methods. These include Douglas-Peucker's polyline simplication, total least-squared adjustment, model hypothesis-verification, and rule-based rectification. Based on Minimum Description Length (MDL) principal, a new objective function, Geometric Minimum Description Length (GMDL), to regularize geometric noises is introduced to enhance the repetition of identical line directionality, regular angle transition and to minimize the number of vertices used. After generating hypothetical regularized models, a global optimum of the geometric regularity is achieved by verifying the entire solution space. A comparative evaluation of the proposed geometric regulator is conducted using both simulated and real building vectors with various levels of noise. The results show that the GMDL outperforms the selected existing algorithms at the most of noise levels.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

The objective of the research is to automatically recognize railway objects from MLS data in which 9 key objects including terrain, track, bed, vegetation, platform, barrier, posts, attachments, powerlines are targeted. The proposed method can be divided into two main sub-steps. First, multi-scale contextual features are extracted to take the advantage of characterizing objects of interest from different geometric levels such as point, line, volumetric and vertical profile. Second, by considering contextual interactions amongst object labels, a contextual classifier is utilized to make a prediction with local coherence. In here, the Conditional Random Field (CRF) is used to incorporate the object context. By maximizing the object label agreement in the local neighborhood, CRF model could compensate the local inconsistency prediction resulting from other local classifiers. The performance of proposed method was evaluated based on the analysis of commission and omission error and shows promising results for the practical use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2004

This thesis researches consumers' behaviors in Purchasing avatar fashion products depending on their motives and point of reference as the avatar fashion marketing is conducted. Also, it explores the correlation between avatar's fashion products and the point of reference by which consumers actually purchase casual wear. The results were as follows: First, Avatar's fashion product purchasing motivation is done through four classified dimensions, conformity, differentiation, fashionability, and substitution. The standard of Avatar's fashion product choice was classified by the symbol (Product name recognition) and two dimensions of aesthetics. Second. the more valued the aesthetic component of Avatar's fashion product the greater effect on the order the dimensions used in correlation in this case being substitution, differentiation, conformity, and fashionability. Should the consumer place greater value on the Product symbol the dimension order is affected in order by fashionability, conformity, and differentiation. Third, fashionability was a stronger consideration for women as opposed to men in terms of demographical feature. whereas symbol (Product recognition) was of greater importance to higher income people. Last, when aesthetics is considered to buy Avatar's fashion products it is favorably comparable to other casual wear lines. In other words, symbol is considered to buy casual's, it brings to the same result when buying Avatar's. Avatar's fashion product was great tool to research new casual wear line because of approving by the correlation to each other.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2005

In the 500m short track speed skating, the matter of who reaches the first corner first can important factor since each competitor races with all speed from the start to the first line. A filed study was attempted to kinematical estimation six female foreign skaters, who participated in the 500m female final round competition, and two Korea skates during the World Short track Skating Championship. The three dimensional motion analysis with DLT method was executed using four video cameras for analyzing the actual competition situation. In point of analyzing the actual competition situation, it is expected that skaters and coaches the effective informations, and the following conclusions are drawn; The elapsed time by phase in start motion of the foreign skaters appeared shorter those of Korea skaters, so the start training of Korea skaters should be strengthed. Also the displacement of C.G in the foreign skaters appeared shorter displacement than those of Korea skaters. Especially in the starting position, the foreign skaters are superior to Korea skaters in displacement of first(left) and next following stroke(right). The velocity of C.G and maximum velocity of skate blade of foreign skaters art faster than those of Korea skaters. And the foreign skaters show the superior early velocity change. Both of leaning body angle, and left and knee angle of the foreign skaters lead to positive point of having the propulsive force in the early starting position. Observing in the most prominent feature of foreign and Korea skaters in start phase, foreign skaters skate quickly the third stroke. These features of Korea skaters would appear disadvantage of location selection in entering the coner course.