• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.296-306
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• 1998

Airborne MSS data is regarded as a potentially effective data source for the measurement of water quality and for the environmental change of water bodies. In this study, we measured the radiance reflectance by using multi-spectral image of low resolution camera(LRC) which will be reached in the multi-purpose satellite(KOMPSAT) to use the data in analyzing water pollution. We also investigated the possibility of extraction of water quality factors in water bodies by using high resolution remote sensing data such as Airborne MSS. Especially, we tried to extract environmental factors related with eutrophication such as chlorophyll-a, suspended sediments and turbidity, and also tried to develop the process technique and the radiance feature of reflectance related with eutrophication. Although it was difficult to explicitly correlate Airborne MSS data with water quality factors due to the insufficient number of ground truth data. The results were summarized as follows: First, the spectrum of sun's rays which reaches the surface of the earth was consistent with visible bands of 0.4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$~0.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and about 50% of total quantity of radiation could be found. The spectrum was reached highest at around 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band in visible bands. Second, as a result of the radiance reflectance Chlorophyll-a represented high mainly around 0.52${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band, and suspended sediments and turbidity represented high at 0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and at 0.57${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. Finally, as a result of the water quality analysis by using Airborne MSS, Chlorophyll-a could have a distribution image after carrying out ratio of B3 and B5 to B7. Band 7 was useful for making the distribution image of suspended sediments. When we carried out PCA, suspended sediments and turbidity had distributions at PC 1 and PC 4 which are similar to the ground data. Above results can be changed according to the change of season and time. Therefore, in order to analyze the environmental factors of water quality by using LRC data more exactly, we need to investigate the ground data and the radiance feature of reflectance of water bodies constantly. For further studies, we will constantly analyze the radiance feature of the surface of water in wafter bodies by measuring the on-the-spot radiance reflectance and using low resolution satellite image(SeaWiFS). We will also gather the data of water quality analysis in water bodies and analyze the pattern of water pollution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.244-251
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• 2007

Intention reading technique is essential to provide personalized services toward more convenient and human-friendly services in complex ubiquitous environment such as a smart home. If a system has knowledge about an user's intention of his/her behavioral pattern, the system can provide mote qualified and satisfactory services automatically in advance to the user's explicit command. In this sense, learning capability is considered as a key function for the intention reading technique in view of knowledge discovery. In this paper, ore introduce a personalized media control method for a possible application iii a smart home. Note that data pattern such as human behavior contains lots of inconsistent data due to limitation of feature extraction and insufficiently available features, where separable data groups are intermingled with inseparable data groups. To deal with such a data pattern, we introduce an effective engineering approach with the combination of fuzzy logic and probabilistic reasoning. The proposed learning system, which is based on IFCS (Iterative Fuzzy Clustering with Supervision) algorithm, extract probabilistic fuzzy rules effectively from the given numerical training data pattern. Furthermore, an extended architectural design methodology of the learning system incorporating with the IFCS algorithm are introduced. Finally, experimental results of the media contents recommendation system are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.115-124
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• 2014

This study has carried out scanning tests in order to figure out the features of scanning search by sex of space users, with the result of which the validity of data has been estimated. In this research, the scanning patterns were set up for verifying the typology of scanning paths and then the reason for determining scanning paths and the validity of estimation method were reviewed. Since the observation features depends on sex, the analysis of visual activities for acquiring any information in a space will reveal the intention and purpose of space users. The findings by analyzing the features of scanning pattern by sex which were found at the determination of scanning patterns can be defined as the followings. First, for estimating the process of space-information search, the movement distance at each point of continuative-observation data from the angle of eye-movement has been extracted, on the ground of which the fixation and movement of eye have been defined for the establishment of scanning-cut characteristics. Second, the scanning times were estimated for the extraction of effective observation data that would be used for comparative analysis, which showed that men had more data (3,398.2/64.4%) than women (2,998.2/55.6%). This enables the acknowledgment that the scanning cut of men was relatively less, which indicates that men will acquire more information on space than women in the process of observing any space. Third, men's scanning times (58.0 times/2.02 seconds) were less than those of women (71.9 times/1.39 seconds) while the scanning time of the former was longer than that of the latter, which shows the feature that it takes longer for men than women in scanning while the scanning times of the former is less than those of the latter. Fourth, the observation features can be determined that the combination of this result with the predominance character by sex for a general viewpoint to be employed indicates that while men employ mixed-scanning for observation activities to acquire space-information spending for longer time, women, by concentrated-scanning, focus on a single point for shorter time or stay at one location for a considerably long time for space-information acquirement.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

The society we are living in has being changed to the age of the intelligent information society after passing through the knowledge-based information society in the early 21st century. In this study, we have developed the instructional model for software education based on the machine learning which is a field of artificial intelligence(AI) to enhance the core competencies of learners required in the intelligent information society. This model is focusing on enhancing the core competencies through the process of problem-solving as well as reducing the burden of learning about AI itself. The specific stages of the developed model are consisted of seven levels which are 'Problem Recognition and Analysis', 'Data Collection', 'Data Processing and Feature Extraction', 'ML Model Training and Evaluation', 'ML Programming', 'Application and Problem Solving', and 'Share and Feedback'. As a result of applying the developed model in this study, we were able to observe the positive response about learning from the students and parents. We hope that this research could suggest the future direction of not only the instructional design but also operation of software education program based on machine learning.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Facial expressions exhibit not only facial feature motions, but also subtle changes in illumination and appearance. Since it is difficult to generate realistic facial expressions by using only geometric deformations, detailed features such as textures should also be deformed to achieve more realistic expression. The existing methods such as the expression ratio image have drawbacks, in that detailed changes of complexion by lighting can not be generated properly. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear model for skin color change and a model-based synthesis method for facial expression that can apply realistic expression details under different lighting conditions. The proposed method is composed of the following three steps; automatic extraction of facial features using active appearance model and geometric deformation of expression using warping, generation of facial expression using a model for nonlinear skin color change, and synthesis of original face with generated expression using a blending ratio that is computed by the Euclidean distance transform. Experimental results show that the proposed method generate realistic facial expressions under various lighting conditions.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.30-38
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• 2006

In this paper, we improved to drops recognition rate according to distance using distance and depth information with 3D from stereo face images. A monocular face image has problem to drops recognition rate by uncertainty information such as distance of an object, size, moving, rotation, and depth. Also, if image information was not acquired such as rotation, illumination, and pose change for recognition, it has a very many fault. So, we wish to solve such problem. Proposed method consists of an eyes detection algorithm, analysis a pose of face, md principal component analysis (PCA). We also convert the YCbCr space from the RGB for detect with fast face in a limited region. We create multi-layered relative intensity map in face candidate region and decide whether it is face from facial geometry. It can acquire the depth information of distance, eyes, and mouth in stereo face images. Proposed method detects face according to scale, moving, and rotation by using distance and depth. We train by using PCA the detected left face and estimated direction difference. Simulation results with face recognition rate of 95.83% (100cm) in the front and 98.3% with the pose change were obtained successfully. Therefore, proposed method can be used to obtain high recognition rate with an appropriate scaling and pose change according to the distance.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.114-122
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• 2016

EIS (Electro interstitial scan) is a non-invasive and simple method to find the physio-pathological information inferred by electric current response with respect to low direct current applied between remote sites of the body. Although a few EIS-based devices for diagnosing diabetes were commercialized, they were not successful in offering clinical validity nor in confirming diagnostic principle. In this study, we measured the voltage responses of diabetic patients and normal subjects with a commercialized EIS device to test the usefulness of EIS in screening diabetes. For this purpose, voltage was measured between pairs of electrodes contacted at both palm, both soles of the feet and left and right forehead above both eyes. After feature extraction of voltage signals, the AUC (area under the curve) between the two groups was calculated and we found that seven variables were appropriately shown above 60% of accuracy. In addition, we applied the k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) method and found that the accuracy of classification between the two groups reached the accuracy of 76.2%. This result implies that the voltage response analysis based on EIS has potential as a diabetics screening method.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

Face recognition is one of the problems to be solved by appearance based matching technique. However, the appearance of face image is very sensitive to variation in illumination. One of the easiest ways for better performance is to collect more training samples acquired under variable lightings but it is not practical in real world. ]:n object recognition, it is desirable to focus on feature extraction or normalization technique rather than focus on classifier. This paper presents a simple approach to normalization of faces subject to directional illumination. This is one of the significant issues that cause error in the face recognition process. The proposed method, ICR(illumination Compensation based on Multiple Linear Regression), is to find the plane that best fits the intensity distribution of the face image using the multiple linear regression, then use this plane to normalize the face image. The advantages of our method are simple and practical. The planar approximation of a face image is mathematically defined by the simple linear model. We provide experimental results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed ICR method on public face databases and our database. The experimental results show a significant improvement of the recognition accuracy.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.3_4
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• pp.224-238
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• 2004

Multi-modality image registration is a widely used image processing technique to obtain composite information from two different kinds of image sources. This study proposes an image registration method based on moment information and surface distance, which improves the previous surface-based registration method. The proposed method ensures stable registration results with low registration error without being subject to the initial position and direction of the object. In the preprocessing step, the surface points of the object are extracted, and then moment information is computed based on the surface points. Moment information is matched prior to fine registration based on the surface distance, in order to ensure stable registration results even when the initial positions and directions of the objects are very different. Moreover, surface comer sampling algorithm has been used in extracting representative surface points of the image to overcome the limits of the existed random sampling or systematic sampling methods. The proposed method has been applied to brain MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and PET(Positron Emission Tomography), and its accuracy and stability were verified through registration error ratio and visual inspection of the 2D/3D registration result images.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1045-1055
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• 2007

Latent topic models are statistical models which automatically captures salient patterns or correlation among features underlying a data collection in a probabilistic way. They are gaining an increased popularity as an effective tool in the application of automatic semantic feature extraction from text corpus, multimedia data analysis including image data, and bioinformatics. Among the important issues for the effectiveness in the application of latent topic models to the massive data set is the efficient learning of the model. The paper proposes an accelerated learning technique for PLSA model, one of the popular latent topic models, by an incremental EM algorithm instead of conventional EM algorithm. The incremental EM algorithm can be characterized by the employment of a series of partial E-steps that are performed on the corresponding subsets of the entire data collection, unlike in the conventional EM algorithm where one batch E-step is done for the whole data set. By the replacement of a single batch E-M step with a series of partial E-steps and M-steps, the inference result for the previous data subset can be directly reflected to the next inference process, which can enhance the learning speed for the entire data set. The algorithm is advantageous also in that it is guaranteed to converge to a local maximum solution and can be easily implemented just with slight modification of the existing algorithm based on the conventional EM. We present the basic application of the incremental EM algorithm to the learning of PLSA and empirically evaluate the acceleration performance with several possible data partitioning methods for the practical application. The experimental results on a real-world news data set show that the proposed approach can accomplish a meaningful enhancement of the convergence rate in the learning of latent topic model. Additionally, we present an interesting result which supports a possible synergistic effect of the combination of incremental EM algorithm with parallel computing.