• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.6.2-6.2
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.42-43
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.151-156
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• 2001

Recently many studies on manganese oxides Ln$_{1-x}$A$_{x}$MnO$_3$(Ln=La, Pr, Nd lanthannide; A=Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb +2 ions) reported CMR properties. CMR have been also found in chalcogenide spinels. We have investigated that Ni ion substitutions for Fe ion have effects on CMR properties in chacogenide spinels Ni$_{x}$Fe$_{1-x}$Cr$_2$S$_4$. It was found that with increasing Ni concentration Jahn-Teller distortion was strengthened and Curie temperature T$_{c}$ was increased. CMR properties could be explained with Jahnl-Teller effect, half-metallic electronic structure, and the alignment of magnetic domain due to the strong magnetic field, which is different in that double exchange interactions dominate CMR properties in manganese oxides.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4660-4665
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• 2011

New precursors as a Li adsorbent, $Li_{1.6}(MnM)_{1.6}O_4$ (M=Cu, Ni, Co, Fe), were synthesized by hydrothermal method and their physicochemical properties were discussed. XRD and HRTEM results revealed that the original spinel structure was stabilized by cobalt-doping while Cu-, Ni- and Fe-doping led to structural changes. Such a structural stabilization by Cobalt-doping was maintained after lithium leaching by acid treatment. Li absorption efficiency from seawater was significantly enhanced by using the Cobalt-doped spinel manganese oxide, $Li_{1.6}[MnCo]_{1.6}O_4$, compared to the commercially available $Li_{1.33}Mn_{1.67}O_4$; the adsorbed amount of Li from 1g-adsorbent was 35 and 16 mg by $Li_{1.6}[MnCo]_{1.6}O_4$, and $Li_{1.33}Mn_{1.67}O_4$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

Top synthetic spin valves wi th structure Ta/NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe(Pl)/Ru/CoFe(P2)/FeMn/Ta on Si (100) substrate with SiO$_2$ of 1500 were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering system. We have changed only the thickness of the free layer and the thickness difference (Pl-P2) in the two ferromagnetic layers separated by Ru, and investigated the effect of magnetic film thickness on the GMR properties and the interlayer coupling field in a spin valve with a synthetic antiferromagnet. As thickness difference of pinned layer was decreased from +25 to -25 , MR ratio was decreased gradually. However, there was a dip zone indicating a big change of MR ratio around Pl = P2, which can be due to the large canting of pinned layers. The modified Neel model was suggested for the top synthetic spin valve to explain the interlayer coupling field according to the thickness change of ferromagnetic layers. The interlayer coupling field was decreased due to the magnetostatic coupling (orange peel coupling) as suggested by model. However, the interlayer coupling field was not explained at the dip zone by the modified Neel model. The deviation of modified Neel model at the dip zone could be due to the largely canting of the pinned layers as well, which depends on different thickness in synthetic antiferromagnetic structure.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2023

Variations in geochemical and mineralogical properties of the ferromanganese(Fe-Mn) crust reflect environmental changes. In the present study, geochemical and mineralogical analyses, including micro X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, were utilized to reconstruct the paleo-ocean environment of western Pacific Magellan seamount cluster. Samples of the Fe-Mn crust were collected using an epibenthic sledge from the open seamount XX (151° 51.12' 7.2" E and 16° 8.16' 9.6" N, 1557 meters below sea level) in the Western Pacific Magellan Seamount. According to the structure and phosphating status, the Fe-Mn crust of the OSM-XX can be divided into the following: phosphatizated (L4-L5), massive non-phosphatizated (L3), and porous non-phosphatizated (L1-L2) portions. All ferromanganese layers contain vernadite, and owing to the presence of carbonate fluorapatite (CFA), the phosphatizated portion (L4-L5) is rich in Ca and P. The massive non-phosphatizated section (L3) contains high Mn, Ni, and Co, whereas the porous non-phosphatizated portion (L1-L2), which comprises detrital quartz and feldspar, is rich in Fe. Variations in properties of the Fe-Mn crust from the OSM-XX reflect changes in the nearby marine environment. The formation of this crust started at approximately 51.87 Ma, and precipitation of the CFA during the global phosphatization event that occurred at approximately 36-32 Ma highlights an elevated sea level and low temperature during the associated period. The high Mn, Ni, and Co concentrations and elevated Mn/Fe ratios of samples from the massive phosphatizated portion indicate that the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) was enhanced, and reducing conditions prevailed during the crust formation. The high Fe and low Mn/Fe ratios in the porous portion indicate a weak OMZ and dominantly oxidizing conditions. These data reflect environmental changes following the end of the Mi-1 glacial period in the Miocene-Oligocene boundary. Subsequently, Mn/Fe and Co/Mn ratios increased slightly in the outermost part of Fe-Mn crust because of the enhanced bottom current and OMZ associated with the continued cooling from approximately 9 Ma. However, the reduced carbonate dissolution rate in the Pacific Ocean from approximately 6 Ma decreased the growth rate of the Fe-Mn crust.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2003

The waste ferrites from magnetic core manufacturing process were used to $CO_2$gas decomposition to avoid the greenhouse effects. The waste ferrites are the mixed powder of Ni-Zn and Mn-Zn ferrites core. In the reduction of ferrites by 5% $H_2/Ar$ mixed gas, the weight loss of ferrites was about 14~16wt%. After the$CO_2$gas decomposition reaction, the weight of the reduced ferrites was increased up to 11wt%.$CO_2$gas was decomposed by oxidation of Fe and FeO in reduced compound and the phase of the waste ferrite was changed to spinel structure. A new technique capable of$CO_2$decomposition as low cost process through utilizing waste ferrite was development.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.58-65
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• 2024

In the present study, the effect of annealing condition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the cold-rolled CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys were studied. Annealing treatment was performed under six different temperatures. Microstructural analyses confirmed that annealing below 800℃ resulted in the formation of intermetallic sigma (σ) phase within face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix, and this σ phase has beneficial effects on the formation of fine-grained structures through retardation of grain growth and recrystallization due to Zener pinning effect. This led to the enhanced yield strength and tensile strength of ~646 and ~855 MPa, respectively. The microstructures annealed above 800℃ demonstrated single FCC phase, and fully-recrystallized single FCC microstructure resulted in a slight increase in ductility with a considerable decrease in strength. The evolution of mechanical properties, such as strength, ductility, and strain hardening exponent, will be discussed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.283-299
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• 2001

The middle cover soils and clay liners collected from the Kumheung landfill in Gongiu City were analysed for As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti and Zn concentrations using 0.] N HCl digestion and total/sequential extraction experiments followed by ICP-AES determination. The uncontaminated soil and sediment samples were also analyzed for the comparison. The results of sequential extraction showed that Cu was dominant in the oxidizable fraction, and As, Ni, Sr, Ba, and Mn were in the exchangeable fraction. Zinc and Mn occurred mostly in association with reducible, residual and carbonate fractions. Most of Cd and Pb were bound to the reducible and oxidizable fractions. The main carrier of Co, Cr, Fe and 11 was the residual fraction and another important carrier was the reducible fraction. The percentage of the metals of organically-bound form in the middle cover soils and clay liner was in the order of Cu(48%) > Ti(42%) > Pb(27%) > As(25%) > Cd(20%). As deduced from sequential extraction analysis, potential order of metal mobility in the middle cover soils and clay liner from the landfill was proposed: Cd > Sr > As > Ni > Mn > Ba > Cu > Pb > Zn » Co > 11 > Fe > Cr. Based on the 'geoaccumulation index' and the 'enrichment factor' normalized to A], the level of contamination of Cu, Ni and C1' was significant in the samples from Kumheung landfill and surrounding farmland. Their enrichments were attributed partly to anthropogenic pollutions.