• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fe-Ti

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Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of $ThMn_{l2}-type$ Sm-Fe-Ti Melt-Spun Ribbons ($ThMn_{12}$형 Sm-Fe-Ti 급냉응고리본의 미세구조 및 자기특성)

  • 김윤배;유권상;김동환;김창석
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.25-29
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    • 1991
  • It has been found that the as-quenched ribbons of $Sm_{x}Fe_{100-x-y}Ti_{y}(3.8{\leq}x{\leq}11.5,\;3.8{\leq}y{\leq}19.2)$ are composed of metastable $TbCu_{7}-type$ structure, ${\alpha}-(Fe,\;Ti),\;Fe_{2}Ti$ and an unknown phase accompanying strong diffraction line at $d=2.14{\AA}$. The metastable $TbCu_{7}-type$ phase, which was formed by rapid quenching, did not transform fully to the stable phases after annealing at $850^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes except the one existed in $SmFe_{11}Ti$ melt-spun ribbon. The $SmFe_{11}Ti$ melt-spun ribbon, annealed at $850^{\circ}C$ for 45 minutes in vacuum, was found to be composed of $ThMn_{12}$. $\alpha$-(Fe, Ti) and $Fe_{2}Ti$ phases. The formation of $\alpha$-(Fe, Ti) and $Fe_{2}Ti$ phases in this melt-spun ribbon was due to the evaporation of Sm atoms during the high temperature annealing. The atomic ratios for the surface and the inside of $SmFe_{11}Ti$ melt-spun ribbon annealed in vacuum were $SmFe_{25.8}Ti_{2.6}$ and $SmFe_{11.7}Ti_{1.0}$ respectively. It is thought to be that much of $\alpha$-(Fe, Ti) and $Fe_{2}Ti$ phases exist on the surface of ribbon.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Doped $TiO_2$ Thin Films: $Fe_xTi_{1-x}O_2$ (전이금속이 도핑된 $TiO_2$ 박막의 제조와 특성 규명: $Fe_xTi_{1-x}O_2$)

    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.240-248
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    • 2002
  • $Fe_xTi_{l-x}O_2$ films (x=0.07 and 0.16) were grown by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on rutile $TiO_2$(110). The same growth conditions were applied for both films in order to determine surface characteristics of grown films as a function of Fe composition. The films were characterized by several surface analysis techniques. The oxidation states of Ti and Fe in $Fe_xTi_{l-x}O_2$ films were found to be +4 and a mixture of +2 and +3, respectively. More $Fe^{3+}$ species exist in higher Fe doped film of $Fe_{0.16}Ti_{0.84}O_2$. The morphology of $Fe_{0.07}Ti_{0.93}O_2$ film shows tall rectangular and cylinderical islands growth on flat substrate-like surface. On the other hand, $Fe_{0.16}Ti_{0.84}O_2$ film consists of round shaped small islands showing somewhat rougher surface compared to the surface of $Fe_{0.16}Ti_{0.84}O_2$ film.

pH Dependence on the Degradation of Rhodamine B by Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ Composites and Effect of Different Fe Precursors (Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ 복합체에 의한 로다민 B 용액의 분해에 있어서 pH 의존성 및 여러 가지 Fe 전구체의 효과)

  • Zhang, Kan;Oh, Won-Chun
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.408-415
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    • 2009
  • Iron-loaded activated carbon fibers (Fe-ACF) supported titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) photocatalyst (Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$) was synthesized using a sol-gel method. Three different types of Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ were obtained by treatment with different precursor of Fe, and characterized using BET, SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. The photocatalytic activity of Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ was investigated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh.B) solution under UV irradiation. From the experimental results, it was revealed that Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ composites show considerable photocatalytic ability for the removal of Rh.B by comparing non-treated ACF/$TiO_2$ composites. And photo-Fenton reaction with Fe element was incoordinately influenced due to different precursor of Fe. It clearly indicates that Fe-ACF/$TiO_2$ composites prepared using $FeCl_3$ provided the highest photo-Fenton activity, then, which was affected by pH changes on the degradation of Rh.B.

FeO, $TiH_2$, Carbon 원료분말을 이용한 Fe-TiC 나노 복합분말 제조 및 소결

  • An, Gi-Bong;Kim, Ji-Sun
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2011.10a
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    • pp.26-26
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    • 2011
  • Fe계 TiC 합금은 미량의 합금원소를 첨가시켜 경화능, 내식성, 내마모성 성질을 개선한 특수 공구용 재료로서 현재 절삭, 내마모성, 광산, 금형재료 등의 분야에 널리 사용되고 있다. 금속과 세라믹의 복합재료인 초경합금은 비열처리용 공구강으로 WC, TiC 등의 4, 5, 6족 금속탄화물에 Co, Ni, Fe등의 철족이 결합금속으로 소결한 복합재료로 WC-Co계 초경합금이 주종을 이루고 있으나, 전략 소재로서 고가인 Co 원료를 대체하기 위한 재료로서 초경재료의 고경도와 공구강의 경제성 및 가공성의 장점을 이용한 Fe-TiC계 초경합금의 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Fe기지에 서브마이크론 크기의 미세한 TiC 입자가 균일하게 분산된 Fe-TiC 복합분말을 경제적으로 제조하기 위해 순수한 Fe, Ti 원료분말에 비해 단가가 낮고 미세 분쇄가 용이한 FeO, $TiH_2$ 분말을 고에너지 밀링 후 반응 열처리 시키는 유사 기계화학적 공정을 시도하였다. 조성비 Fe-30wt%TiC 복합분말을 제조하기위해 마이크론(micron) 크기의 FeO, $TiH_2$, C 분말을 사용하였고, 1단계로 FeO와 C을 고에너지 밀링으로 혼합 후 반응시켜 환원시키는 공정과 2단계로 이렇게 환원된 분말과 TiH2를 고에너지 밀링으로 다시 혼합, 분쇄한 후 반응열처리 하는 두 단계 공정을 사용하였다. FeO의 환원 단계에서는 $700{\sim}1,000^{\circ}C$ 온도 범위에서 1시간 유지하였고, 고에너지 밀링 시 밀링시간, 회전속도를 변수로 두고 실험하였다. 환원된 분말은 수평관상로를 이용해 아르곤분위기에서 $1,000{\sim}1300^{\circ}C$까지 1시간 유지하여 반응열처리시켜 Fe-TiC 복합분말을 제조하였다. 준비된 복합분말을 XRD와 FE-SEM, EDS, 입도분석기 (LPSA) 등을 이용해 분말의 형태와 특성, 상, 조성, 입도, 분산도 등을 조사하였다. 제조된 Fe-TiC 나노복합분말을 방전플라즈마소결(SPS) 과 상압소결 실험을 진행하였다. Fe-TiC 복합분말 제조공정의 첫 번째 단계인 FeO의 환원반응은 $800^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서 Fe로 환원이 진행됨을 확인하였다. 두 번째 단계인 반응열처리공정에서는 $1,000^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 TiC가 형성됨을 XRD 상분석을 통해 확인할 수 있었고, $1,100^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 반응열처리를 했을 때 XRD 분석결과와 산소 조성 분석 결과로부터 반응의 완결성과 순도에서 최적 온도 조건임을 확인하였다. 온도를 $1,300^{\circ}C$로 증가시킬 경우 반응의 완결성에 큰 변화가 없는 반면 분말입자간의 목형성이 일어나 가소결 되는 것을 FE-SEM을 통해 관찰하였다. 또한 최적조건으로 제조된 Fe-TiC 복합분말의 입도분석과 FE-SEM/EDS 관찰/분석을 시행한 결과 평균 입도 0.6 ${\mu}m$의 미세한 Fe-TiC 복합분말 내에 Fe분말 주변과 내부에 나노크기의 TiC입자가 균일하게 분산되어 존재하는 것을 확인하였다.

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Influence of Reduction Atmosphere and Temperature on the Separability and Distribution Behavior of Fe from FeTiO3 via Sulfurization (고온 황화반응에 의한 FeTiO3로부터 Fe의 분리성과 분배거동에 미치는 환원/황화 분위기 및 온도의 영향)

  • Shin, Seung-Hwan;Kim, Sun-Joong
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2019
  • $TiO_2$ as a raw material for producing titanium can be produced by carbon reduction of natural ilmenite ores over 1823 K and acid leaching of the obtained titanium-rich slag. However, the conventional process can cause very high energy consumption and a large amount of leaching residues. In the present study, we proposed the sulfurization of $FeTiO_3$ with $Na_2SO_4$ at temperatures below 1573 K, which can separate Fe in $FeTiO_3$ as the FeS based sulfide phase and Ti as the $TiO_2-Na_2O$ based oxide phase. This study is a fundamental study for sulfurization of $FeTiO_3$ to investigate the influence of reducing atmosphere, reaction temperature and the sulfur/Fe ratio on the separability and distribution behaviors of of Fe, Ti, and Na between the oxide phase and the sulfurized phase. At 1573 K and carbon saturation condition, the Fe can be separated from $FeTiO_3$ as Fe-C-S metal and a part of FeS, and the concentration of Fe in oxide decreased to 4 mass% after sulfurization.

Effect of Mo Addition on the Sinterability and Mechanical Properties of TiB$_2$-Fe Cermets (TiB$_2$-Fe 서메트의 소결성 및 기계적성질에 미치는 Mo첨가의 영향)

  • 최덕순
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 1999
  • Fe and Fe-Mo binder were used to produce TiB2 based cermet by a pressureless sintering. The densification behaviour of TiB2-Fe-Mo cermet during liquid-phase sintering in argon was studied in relation to binder phase charactertics. The effects of Mo addition and sintering condition on the sintering behaviour and mechanical properties were also investigated. TiB2-based cermets with Fe-Mo binder composition showed a better sinterability than the cermets with only Fe binder. In TiB2-Fe-Mo cermet higher densities in the wide temperature range were obtained and also fully densified sintered cermet were obtained at 1873K The enhancement in the densification phenomenon of TiB2-Fe-Mo system can be explained by improved liquid phase wettability associated with the roles of Mo components as solute atoms. When Fe-Mo binders were used cermets with a finer grain size and enhanced mechanical properties wereproduced and new phases such as Fe2B and Mo2FeB2 were observed in the sintered cermet. The highest bending strength was obtained from the 20vol% Fe-Mo cermet and these hardness-fracture toughness combination in the wide binder compositions is better than that of TiB2-Fe cermet. In order to improve mechanical properties microstructure control with high purity powders is desirable because high purity powders prevent the formation of Fe2B and Mo2FeB2 phase which comsume the ductile binder phase.

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Effects of Cr, B, Ti and Si on Rolling Characteristics in Fe-30at.%A1 Alloy (Fe-30at.%A1 합금의 압연성에 미치는 Cr, B, Ti 및 Si 첨가효과)

  • Choi, Dap-Chun;Lee, Ji-Sung
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.77-85
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    • 2003
  • Some alloying elements such as Cr, B, Ti and Si were added individually or as a mixture to Fe-30 at.%Al alloys. The alloys were melted using an arc furnace and then heat-treated for homogenization at 1000$^{\circ}C$ for 7 days and followed by rolling at 1000$^{\circ}C$. The alloying elements on rolling characteristics were investigated by the microstructures and fracture mode before and after rolling. The microstructures before rolling showed that all of the alloys had equiaxed grains. On the other hand, the microstructures of rolling plane as well as its perpendicular plane became elongated after rolling. The alloys such as Fe-30Al, Fe-30Al-3Ti, Fe-30Al-0.5B, Fe-30Al-5Cr and Fe-30Al-3Ti-0.5B revealed better rolling behaviour from the point that intergranular and cleavage fractures were not fundamentally occurred. But the addition of 5Ti or 3Si to Fe-Al alloys had detrimental effects. The Ti-added alloy system such as Fe-30Al-5Ti, Fe-30Al-5Ti-5Cr, Fe-30Al-3Ti-5Cr and Fe-30Al-5Ti-0.5B were cracked through grain and showed cleavage fracture. The Si-added alloy system such as Fe-30Al-5Si, Fe-27Al-3Si and Fe-27Al-5Cr-3Si were cracked along the grain boundary and showed intergranular fracture. $DO_3{\leftrightarrow}B_2$ transition temperature of Fe-30at.%Al alloy was 520$^{\circ}C$, whereas the addition of 3Ti and 3Ti+0.5B comparably increased the temperature to 797 and 773$^{\circ}C$, respectively.

Fabrication of Fe-TiC Composite by High-Energy Milling and Spark-Plasma Sintering

  • Tuan, N.Q.;Khoa, H.X.;Vieta, N.H.;Lee, Y.H.;Lee, B.H.;Kim, J.S.
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.338-344
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    • 2013
  • Fe-TiC composite was fabricated from Fe and TiC powders by high-energy milling and subsequent spark-plasma sintering. The microstructure, particle size and phase of Fe-TiC composite powders were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to evaluate the effect of milling conditions on the size and distribution of TiC particles in Fe matrix. TiC particle size decreased with milling time. The average TiC particle size of 38 nm was obtained after 60 minutes of milling at 1000 rpm. Prepared Fe-TiC powder mixture was densified by spark-plasma sintering. Sintered Fe-TiC compacts showed a relative density of 91.7~96.2%. The average TiC particle size of 150 nm was observed from the FE-SEM image. The microstructure, densification behavior, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of Fe-TiC sintered compact were investigated.

Effect of Fe Content on Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Ti-Mo-Fe Alloys (Ti-Mo-Fe 합금의 Fe 함량에 따른 기계적 특성과 전기화학적 특성 비교·분석)

  • Ji-Won Kim;Jeong-Yeon Park;Min Gang;Ji-Hwan Park;Dong-Geun Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.145-152
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    • 2023
  • β titanium alloys containing β stabilizing elements such as V, Nb, Ta, Mo and Fe are widely used etc, due to their excellent specific strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue strength and easy formability. New metastable β titanium alloys are developed containing low-cost elements (Mo and Fe) in this study. Fe element is a strong β-stabilizer which can affect the mechanical and electrochemical properties of Ti-5Mo-xFe (x = 1, 4 wt%) alloys. These properties were analyzed in connection with microstructure and phase distribution. Ti-5Mo-4Fe alloy showed higher compression yield stress and maximum stress than Ti-5Mo-1Fe alloy due to solid-solution hardening and grain refinement hardening effect. As Fe element increased, Fe oxide formation and reduction of ${\bar{Bo}}$ (bond order) value affect the decrease of corrosion resistance. Ti-5Mo-xFe alloys were more excellent than Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy.

Synthesis of $Fe/Al_2O_3$ and $Fe/TiO_2$ nanocomposite powder by mechanical alloying (기계적합금화에 의한 $Fe/Al_2O_3$$Fe/TiO_2$계 나노복합분말의 제조)

  • Lee, Seong-Hee;Lee, Chung-Hyo
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.202-207
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    • 2009
  • Nanocomposite formation of metal-metal oxide systems by mechanical alloying (MA) has been investigated at room temperature. The systems we chose are the $Fe_3O_4$-M (M = AI, Ti), where pure metals are used as reducing agent. It is found that $Fe/Al_2O_3$ and $Fe/TiO_2$ nanocomposite powders in which $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$ are dispersed in ${\alpha}$-Fe matrix with nano-sized grains are obtained by MA of $Fe_3O_4$ with Al and Ti for 25 and 75 hours, respectively. It is suggested that the shorter MA time for the nanocomposite formation in $Fe/Al_2O_3$ is due to a large negative heat associated with the chemical reduction of magnetite by aluminum. X-ray diffraction results show that the average grain size of ${\alpha}$-Fe in $Fe/TiO_2$ nanocomposite powders is in the range of 30 nm. The change in magnetic properties also reflects the details of the solid-state reduction of magnetite by pure metals during MA.