• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.226-229
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to produce eggs enriched with vitamins $D_3$, K and iron in eggs. Six hundred 97-wk-old ISA Brown force molted hens were allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of six dietary treatments: T1; control (C), T2; C+4,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+2.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T3; C+8,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+5.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T4; C+12,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+7.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T5; C+16,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+10.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T6; C+20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+12.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe. Fe was supplemented with Fe-methionine. Each treatment consisted of five replicates of ten cages with two birds per cage. Egg production and egg weight were highest in T2 and incidence of soft and broken egg was highest in T6. Haugh unit was not different among treatments although it tended to be increased as dietary vitamins $D_3$ and K increased. Eggshell strength was not different among treatment. Concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and K in egg yolk increased and plateaued approximately 20 days after feeding supplemented diets. The level of these vitamins peaked at 12,000 IU/kg vitamin $D_3$ and 7.5 mg/kg vitamin K supplementation and then decreased at the higher than these supplementation levels. The peak concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and vitamin K were 4.6 times and 4.8 times greater than the control, respectively. Supplementary Fe also increased Fe content in egg yolk. It is concluded that vitamin $D_3$ and K in eggs can be effectively enriched by proper supplementation time and level of these vitamins.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.771-778
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• 2006

Previous studies have suggested that delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) phenotype differently affect mineral metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 6-month iron supplementation as syrup of NaFeEDTA in improvement of iron status according to ALAD genotype. One hundred thirty adult women living in rural areas of Asan were provided NaFeEDTA syrup once a week for 6 months at the dose of 64mg Fe/week. Three hundred control subjects were observed during the study period. Fasting blood was obtained for analyzing hemoglobin (Hb) and zinc protophorphyrin (ZPP) and serum was analyzed for ferritin, iron and total iron capacity (TIBC) levels before and after iron supplementation. Ninety percent of ALAD 1-1 (ALAD1) and 10% of ALAD 1-2 (ALAD2) genotype were observed in the control group. However in the intervention group, 98% showed ALAD1 while only 2% was ALAD2, which is significantly lower proportions of ALAD2 compared to the control group (p<0.01). The iron status of Intervention group significantly improved except for ferritin and TIBC regardless or ALAD genotype, while the control group did not show any changes in iron status except for ZPP. ZPP concentration of the control group significantly increased in both ALAD1 and 2 while the intervention group showed significantly decreased ZPP after supplementation in ALAD1. Iron supplementation in the form of NaFeEDTA seems to be effective in reduction of ZPP levels although ALAD2 did not show significant changes due to the small number. However, it is difficult to make a conclusion from these results, and more specified further investigation is needed with more participants.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.406-411
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of iron supplementation and nutrition education on the iron status and anemia of middle school girls in Ulsan city in Korea. The subjects were already diagnosed as having anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dL) or iron deficiency (ferritin < 12 ng/mL and/or transferrin sataturation < 14 %). Over a period of three months, one iron tablet (80 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate/day) was administered to the iron deficient subjects and two tablets (160 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate/day) were administered to the anemia subjects. Total calorie intake of subjects was 82.1 % of RDA. The iron intake of subjects was 91.3 % of RDA and the Ca intake was 78.8 % of RDA. The basal hemoglobin concentration of subjects averaged 12.8 1.2 g/dL, and this increased significantly (p < 0.001) to 13.2 0.9 g/dL after iron supplementation. The basal ferritin concentrations were 14.9 14.2 ng/mL and these significantly increased to 26.6 19.8 ng/mL (p < 0.001). The level of total iron binding protein (TIBC) significantly decreased from the initial 523.1 108.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL to 462.2 90.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL (p < 0.001) after iron supplementation. Anemia symptoms such as‘Being bruised easily’, ‘Inflamed inner mouth’, and ‘Pale face’ improved significantly after iron supplementation in the subjects. There was a negative correlation between their class & year ranking and serum iron level, transferrin saturation after nutritional education and iron supplementation. It was shown, therefore, that the higher the improvement of their anemia level after iron supplementation, the higher their academic performance. It was shown that there was some improvement of their dietary attitudes after nutritional education, and that their serum level related to anemia symptoms and iron nutrition was improved after iron supplementation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2012

Yam has been recognized having the beneficial effects for the prevention of various diseases, such as cancer, immunity, infection and obesity etc. There is increasing consideration to supplement the antioxidant nutrients to make up the lack of the antioxidant nutrient intakes. No study has been reported for the analysis of antioxidant mineral contents and comparison to dietary recommended intake for the sense of health promotion. In our study, we analyzed the contents of antioxidant trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents in cultivated Korean yam powders for evaluation of nutrient intake aspects. We collected the commercial yam powders from six different cultivated areas in the South Korea and measured antioxidant minerals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu and Se) and Cr contents using trace element-free plasma spectrometer (ICP) or atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) after dry-ashing and then wet-acid digestion. The accuracy of mineral analysis method was confirmed by the mineral analysis of standard reference material. Each analyzed element contents in yam were compared to dietary reference intakes of Koreans (KDRIs). The average levels of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Se and Cr) in yam powders were 18.3, 11.9, 36.0, 3.7, 1.9 and 1.27 ${\mu}g/g$ yam powder, respectively. The intakes of Zn, Fe, Cu and Se of which KDRIs is determined, are accounted as being up to 23.8%, 55.6%, 32.5% and 236% recommended intake (RI) of KDRIs, if daily yam supplementation (50 g) of commercial instruction would be considered. The intake of Mn is about 25% adequate intake (AI) of KDRIs with the daily supplementation of yam powder. Most of mineral intakes from daily yam supplementation were with the range of non-detectable to <10% upper limit (UL) level, which is very much safe. The study results show that daily supplementation of Korean yam power is beneficial to provide the supplemental nutrient intake and also is safe, if the suggested dosage would be considered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted with day-old 300 commercial male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres$^{(R)}$) to evaluate the efficacy of crude phytase preparerations produced from a culture of Aspergillus ficcum. The experiment consisted of five dietary treatments; T1, com-soy control diet with 0.45% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) for starter period and 0.35% NPP for grower period; T2, control - 0.1% NPP; T3, control 0.2% NPP; T4, T3+600 U of crude phytase (broth+cell); and T5, T3+600 U of crude phytase (broth). The body weight gain, feed intake, and feed/gain of chickens fed T1 diet was highest (p<0.01) among treatments. BW gain and feed intake of T4 and T5 were greater than those of T3 but were less than those of T1 and T2. T3 was highest in mortality among treatments. Decreasing the NPP level lowered availability of DM, crude ash, ether extract, crude fiber, Zn, and Fe but supplementation of crude phytase preparations improved the availability of these nutrients as well as those of Ca, P and Cu. Excretion of P and Cu significantly decreased as the NPP level in the diet decreased. Further reduction of P and Cu excretion and reduction of Ca, Mg and Fe excretion were achieved by supplementation of crude phytase preparations. The serum concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu were significantly increased by crude phytase supplementation. The weight and length of tibia, and contents of crude ash, Ca, P, Mg, and Zn were adversely affected by lowering NPP level but partially recovered by supplementation of crude phytase preparations. In conclusion, lowering NPP level in the broiler diet significantly depressed the performance. Supplementation of crude phytase preparations produced from Aspergillus ficuum could partially recover the depression.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.887-898
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• 1993

In order to determine the effect of iron depletion and subsequent supplementation on the muscle capacity for peroxisomal (PO) and mitochondrial(MO) $\beta$-oxidation during high fat feeding, weanling rats were fed a 44% (HF) or 2.5% (LF) fat diet with (+Fe) or without (-Fe) iron for 6 or 9 weeks. After 1 week rats fed HF+Fe or HF-Fe had 50-100% more PO and MO in heart, soleus, psoas and gastrocnemius than did rats fed low fat, but after 3 weeks rats fed HF-Fe had lower muscle PO and MO. In muscles of iron depleted rats PO and MO were not increased by supplementation with iron for 3 weeks. After 6 weeks MO and PO in skeletal muscles of rats fed HF+Fe were lower than after 3 weeks. It is concluded that adequate iron is necessary for miaximum response of muscle PO and MO to high fat feeding. However, after 6 weeks both PO and MO have returned to levels similar to those of rats fed low fat diets, hence, the elevated catalase activities seen at this time do not reflect peroxisomal $\beta$-oxidation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2016

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional value of various dietary protein sources without a vitamin premix supplementation in juvenile black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Diets containing similar quantities of lipid and carbohydrate with 50% crude protein from fish meal (FM)/soybean meal (SBM)/corn gluten meal (CGM), FM only, casein/gelatin, high FM/low casein and low FM/high casein were fed to rockfish along with a commercial rockfish diet. The diet containing only 65.6% FM and the commercial rockfish diet produced significantly greater weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) than all other semipurified diets (SPDs); the economical diet with 52.8% FM, 10% SBM and 5% CGM produced lower WG than the diet containing FM and commercial rockfish diet, but FE and survival were similar both diets. Intermediate responses were observed for rockfish fed the SPD containing 32.8% FM and 27.4% casein, while SPDs containing 10% FM and 41.8% casein and 38.5% casein and 10% gelatin yielded the lowest WG and FE. Some differences in tissue indices and body composition of rockfish were induced by the diets containing various protein sources and levels without the vitamin premix supplementation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.575-583
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• 2003

To evaluate the effect of cereal supplementation on children's iron nutritional status of Korean institutionalized was designed. Dietary survey was carried out methods of food weighting in the breakfast or/and dinner, and record interview in lunch (n=74). A nutritional intervention study was carried out through supplementing cereal for 4 weeks in 24 children of 1 institution from 4 to 12 years. The children received 3.6mg elemental Fe(as 100g cereal) per day. Blood samples were drawn before and after supplementation. Nutrients which children's intake was less than two-thirds of Korean RDA were Vit A, Vit B1, Vit B2, Ca and Fe. The mean daily intakes of iron were 5.1mg for male and 4.9mg for female and 52.3% for male and 45.4% for female of Korean RDA. The proportions of children with iron depletion assessed by TIBC(>360mg/dl) and serum ferritin(<20ng/ml) were 56.6% and 58.7%, respectively. The proportions of children with the iron deficient erythropoiesis assessed by serum iron(<70ml/dl), Hb(<12g/dl), and Hct(<36%) were 76.0%, 58.7%, and 64.0%, respectively. After cereal supplementation, in anemic children, levels of Hct(p<0.001), serum iron(p<0.001) and transferrin saturation(p<0.001) were significantly increased. The effect of cereal supplementation in children with iron deficient erythropoeisis was more effective to improve the iron nutritional status than children with iron depletion. It was concluded that cereal supplementation program in anemic children was also effective to improve iron nutritional status.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.658-663
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 철의 섭취수준이 증가함에 따라 다양한 무기질의 이용변화를 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐를 대상으로 적정수준, 적정수준의 2배와 4배의 철을 6주간 공급한 후 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨, 칼륨, 철, 구리, 아연의 혈청 수준 및 섭취량과 배설량에 의한 평형상태를 비교, 분석하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사료 섭취량, 체중 증가량 및 사료효율은 철 보충에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 철 보충에 따른 혈청 철과 아연 함량은 각 군별 차이를 보여 철 함량은 2배 공급군이 유의하게 낮았고 아연 함량은 4배 공급군이 다른 두군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05, p<0.05). 철 보충에 따라 철 섭취량이 유의적으로 증가한 것(p<0.01)을 제외하고 그 밖의 무기질 섭취량은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 소변 중 무기질 배설량은 철 보충에 따라 칼슘, 나트륨, 철, 구리, 아연이 각 군별 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.05, p<0.01). 대변 중 무기질 배설량은 철 보충에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 1일 무기질 보유량은 철 보충에 따라 나트륨과 철이 유의한 차이를 보여(p<0.05, p<0.01) 철 보충이 증가할수록 이들 무기질의 보유량이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 무기질 흡수율은 철 보충에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합할 때 요구량의 2배와 4배의 철 보충에 따라 무기질의 겉보기 흡수율은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 칼슘, 철, 구리, 아연의 소변중 배설량은 철 보충에 따라 유의적으로 감소함으로써 장기적인 철 보충이 이루어진다면 이와 같은 무기질의 체내 보유량이 감소함에 따라 영양상태가 저하될 수 있을 것으로 보여진다. 이와 같은 결과는 다양한 무기질의 평형상태를 유지하기 위 해서는 무기질 보충제를 이용하는 것보다 균형 잡힌 영양섭취나 일상식사를 통해 적정한 섭취수준을 유지하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 제시해주며, 앞으로 이에 대한 영양지도와 지속적 인 연구가 요구된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 1993

Plasma concentrations of zinc and copper were measured in 59 non-pregnant women and 105 pregnant women(12 ; early pregant, 93 ; late pregnant) to estimate and compare both groups and to detect the effects of iron supplementation on the plasma zinc and copper concentrations in the pregant women. The mean plasma zinc concentration of the early pregnant group was not significantly different with those of the non-pregnant group. But in contrast, the mean plasma zinc concentration of the late pregnant group was significantly lower than those of the non-pregnant and early pregnant group. Mean plasma copper concentration were significantly elevated in ealry pregnant group and doubled in late pregnant compared to non-pregnant. In Fe supplemented group, mean plasma zinc concentrations were lower and mean plasma copper higher than those of Fe non-supplemented group. It appeared that Fe supplementation had effects on the decrease of plasma zinc concentrations in pregnancy.