• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.213-220
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• 2013

This research paper examined to the influencing factors to adopt national policies of international organization's environment. For this a multivariate regression model has been used to examine cross-national differences in environmental policy adoption. The data analysis was conducted by regression analysis, the indexed point of international environmental agreements were ratified by each nation on the measure of independent variables for a sample of 130 countries in all parts of the world. From analysis results, overall, the regression analysis illustrates that the regression model generally fits our predictions for independent variables. The finding has revealed that external determinants are stronger than internal ones in explaining the level of national environmental policy adoption in relation to international environmental cooperation. Namely, All international environmental organizations, international nongovernmental organizations, and regional multinational institutes proved to function in a positive way in influencing number nations to have a favorable attitude toward international environmental policies. The findings of this study will provide helpful information on how to improve the efficacy of the Korean environmental policy system.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.555-571
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• 2018

This study identified the characteristics of fashion rental service users as well as analyzed their purchase decision-making processes. A qualitative investigation was conducted through in-depth interviews with 13 women in their 20s-30s who have experienced renting fashion items due to a high interest in fashion. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The need recognition stage analyzed ventilation by mass media, SNS impact, curiosity, saving shopping time and money, awareness of situational necessity, and creation of various styles. The information search stage analyzed how users obtained information from 2 different sources of nonmarketer-dominated sources and marketer-dominated sources. The pre-purchase stage analyzed the evaluation of alternatives in which study participants used 2 evaluation criteria for fashion rental services and fashion rental items. The purchase stage analyzed how participants wait and select desired items (when receiving the notification of rentable items) or select alternative products. The consumption stage examined the usage frequency and usage method. The study divided the post-consumption evaluation stage into 2 categories for evaluation: personal feelings and service. The post-consumption behavior stage analyzed how participants displayed WOM, eWOM and purchase rental product behavior. Clothing shopping orientation of study participants is displayed in 5 dimensions of brand-seeking propensity, individuality-seeking propensity, economic efficiency-seeking propensity, rationality-seeking propensity, and pleasure-seeking propensity. This study identified three main characteristics in the study participants: interest in the fashion, favorable attitude toward used fashion items, consciousness of others.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.212-217
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• 2018

Shin Hae-Chul's music opened a new horizon in the Korean pop music market where only popular music is produced and the music of a similar genre or pattern is mainstream, which has dissolved the complaints of the public who longed for new music. He experimented with his musical potential every time he released his work, which received favorable reviews in that he raised the level of Korean pop music. To solve the unstable factors in today's pop music, it is important to appeal to the public by capturing quality work through continued studies and creative activities. In that context, the attitude of "Next" is led by the late Shin Hae-Chul, and his qualities as an artist greatly contributed to the development of Korean pop music. This indicates that if musicians strive to develop themselves, and strengthen their creative ability to make bold and new attempts, Korean pop music will lead to another fashionable "K-pop" and will open up a new horizon.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.139-148
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• 2021

The study examines public attitude and reaction regarding administrative integration in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. Specifically, it employs social big data including textual comments on online news articles and YouTube video clips. The collected data are analyzed in order to compare two periods, that is, before and after the inauguration of the Public Opinion Committee for One Daegu-Gyeongbuk. As a result, we have found that people's favorable response to administrative integration has gradually increased since the launch of the Committee. However, it still lacks specific administrative procedures and discussion topics among the frequently used words in the collected data. Thus, the Committee needs to provide a variety of information and materials related to administrative integration.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2023

This study explores aspects of Vietnamese students' acculturation and acceptance behavior of K-fashion, based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). In-depth interviews were conducted with 8 Vietnamese international students in Korea. The results of the study firstly indicate that K-fashion acceptance behavior of Vietnamese students reflected eight values of K-fashion, two motives of behavior, and two types of K-fashion acceptance behavior. Vietnamese students generally displayed a favorable attitude toward K-fashion. They all switched to K-fashion styles and actively showed their styles through SNS. Second, there was a difference in K-fashion behavior depending on whether the motivation for acculturation was of an active or inactive nature. The distinction between these two groups was determined by applying behavioral reasoning theory (BRT). Students whose motivation for learning Korean was an interest in Korean culture were characterized by active behavior in adapting to Korean culture, while those whose motivation for learning Korean was for strategic reasons, such as finding a good job, exhibited inactive K-fashion acceptance. This study has academic significance in that it enhances the understanding of Vietnamese consumers through the K-fashion acceptance behavior of Vietnamese students in Korea. Vietnamese students who actively embrace K-fashion play an important role in spreading K-fashion, so it could be beneficial to establish a strategy for promoting K-fashion in collaboration with them.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

Within the metaverse platform, users engage in communication with others through 'avatars' reflecting their own identities. Users experience various virtual fashion items through avatars, and the fashion industry anticipates avatars wearing virtual fashion items as an emerging business opportunity. Many fashion brands are currently releasing virtual fashion items specifically designed for avatars. In this study, we examined the impact of user identification with their avatar on their perception of the attributes of virtual fashion items (investment attractiveness, scarcity, playfulness, and aesthetics) and its influence on behavioral intentions. The research involved a survey of 250 females with prior knowledge of the metaverse. Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted to examine research hypotheses and validate the model. The results confirmed that as users within the metaverse perceive greater identification with their avatar, they also perceive the attributes of virtual fashion items more favorably. This finding affirms the self-reference effect, where users positively evaluate objects associated with themselves. Additionally, perceiving the attributes of virtual fashion items was found to be positively linked to purchase intentions for virtual products and actual interest in the brand. Lastly, a higher intention to purchase virtual fashion items was associated with forming a more favorable attitude toward the respective brand. Consequently, this study provides academic and practical implications for marketing strategies within the metaverse, emphasizing the active utilization of avatars and elements that facilitate user-avatar identification for effective engagement.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.351-368
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• 2024

One of the important factors for the effective implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in mathematics education is the perceptions of the teachers who adopt it. This study surveyed 161 elementary school teachers and 157 secondary mathematics teachers on their perceptions of using AI in mathematics education, grouped into four categories: attitude toward using AI, AI for teaching mathematics, AI for learning mathematics, and AI for assessing mathematics. The findings showed that teachers were most positive about using AI for teaching and learning mathematics, whereas their attitudes towards using AI were less favorable. In addition, elementary school teachers demonstrated a higher positive response rate across all categories compared to secondary mathematics teachers, who exhibited more neutral perceptions. Based on the results, we discussed the pedagogical implications for teachers to effectively use AI in mathematics education.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-192
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• 2009

Currently, our country operates gifted education only as a special curriculum, which results in many problems, e.g., there are few beneficiaries of gifted education, considerable time and effort are required to gifted students, and gifted students' educational needs are ignored during the operation of regular curriculum. In order to solve these problems, the present study formulates the following research questions, finding it advisable to conduct gifted education in elementary regular classrooms within the scope of the regular curriculum. A. To devise a teaching plan for the gifted students on mathematics in the elementary school regular classroom. B. To develop a learning program for the gifted students in the elementary school regular classroom. C. To apply an in-depth learning program to gifted students in mathematics and analyze the effectiveness of the program. In order to answer these questions, a teaching plan was provided for the gifted students in mathematics using a differentiating instruction type. This type was developed by researching literature reviews. Primarily, those on characteristics of gifted students in mathematics and teaching-learning models for gifted education. In order to instruct the gifted students on mathematics in the regular classrooms, an in-depth learning program was developed. The gifted students were selected through teachers' recommendation and an advanced placement test. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the gifted education in mathematics and the possibility of the differentiating teaching type in the regular classrooms were determined. The analysis was applied through an in-depth learning program of selected gifted students in mathematics. To this end, an in-depth learning program developed in the present study was applied to 6 gifted students in mathematics in one first grade class of D Elementary School located in Nowon-gu, Seoul through a 10-period instruction. Thereafter, learning outputs, math diaries, teacher's checklist, interviews, video tape recordings the instruction were collected and analyzed. Based on instruction research and data analysis stated above, the following results were obtained. First, it was possible to implement the gifted education in mathematics using a differentiating instruction type in the regular classrooms, without incurring any significant difficulty to the teachers, the gifted students, and the non-gifted students. Specifically, this instruction was effective for the gifted students in mathematics. Since the gifted students have self-directed learning capability, the teacher can teach lessons to the gifted students individually or in a group, while teaching lessons to the non-gifted students. The teacher can take time to check the learning state of the gifted students and advise them, while the non-gifted students are solving their problems. Second, an in-depth learning program connected with the regular curriculum, was developed for the gifted students, and greatly effective to their development of mathematical thinking skills and creativity. The in-depth learning program held the interest of the gifted students and stimulated their mathematical thinking. It led to the creative learning results, and positively changed their attitude toward mathematics. Third, the gifted students with the most favorable results who took both teacher's recommendation and advanced placement test were more self-directed capable and task committed. They also showed favorable results of the in-depth learning program. Based on the foregoing study results, the conclusions are as follows: First, gifted education using a differentiating instruction type can be conducted for gifted students on mathematics in the elementary regular classrooms. This type of instruction conforms to the characteristics of the gifted students in mathematics and is greatly effective. Since the gifted students in mathematics have self-directed learning capabilities and task-commitment, their mathematical thinking skills and creativity were enhanced during individual exploration and learning through an in-depth learning program in a differentiating instruction. Second, when a differentiating instruction type is implemented, beneficiaries of gifted education will be enhanced. Gifted students and their parents' satisfaction with what their children are learning at school will increase. Teachers will have a better understanding of gifted education. Third, an in-depth learning program for gifted students on mathematics in the regular classrooms, should conform with an instructing and learning model for gifted education. This program should include various and creative contents by deepening the regular curriculum. Fourth, if an in-depth learning program is applied to the gifted students on mathematics in the regular classrooms, it can enhance their gifted abilities, change their attitude toward mathematics positively, and increase their creativity.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.49-65
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• 2022

This study conducted an exploratory study based on in-depth interviews to understand the characteristics and capabilities of female entrepreneurs to promote women entrepreneurship. Therefore, in this study, through in-depth interviews with eight female entrepreneurs, the main contents of entrepreneurial attitudes (need for independence, development desire, favorable conditions), start-up entry rate, start-up motivation, start-up activities and constraints were analyzed. As a result, first, it was found that the entrepreneurial attitude of female entrepreneurs has a strong motivation for successful management based on a feeling of self-satisfaction, has characteristics that prioritize independence and self-actualization, and favorable conditions for starting a business are important. Second, it was found that women's individual differences from men and social structural factors had no significant effect on the entry rate of women. Third, it was found that the most important entrepreneurship motivation for women is the spirit of challenge, self-satisfaction, and the desire to balance work and family. Fourth, female entrepreneurs showed little difference in perception between male and female entrepreneurs in terms of resource access, but there was some discrimination in the network. Fifth, the main industries of female entrepreneurs are small businesses, and there is a tendency to be concentrated in industries with low profit margins and low growth and sales. Finally, it was found that barriers to women's entrepreneurship still exist. Based on the results of this study, the following implications are suggested. First, this study is differentiated in that it mainly identified the characteristics of women's experiences and social environments while starting a business and running a business. Second, in the case of female entrepreneurs, there is a need to spread a positive awareness of women entrepreneurship by arguing that the barriers to entrepreneurship unique to women are not high and can be sufficiently overcome. Lastly, although opportunistic start-ups based on women's social experience or management ability in work life are important for women's entrepreneurship, government support policies are needed to promote professional technology start-ups.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-58
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• 2008

Previous research has presupposed that the evaluation of consumer who received any recovery after experiencing product failure should be better than the evaluation of consumer who did not receive any recovery. The major purposes of this article are to examine impacts of product defect failures rather than service failures, and to explore effects of recovery on postrecovery product attitudes. First, this article deals with the occurrence of severe and unsevere failure and corresponding service recovery toward tangible products rather than intangible services. Contrary to intangible services, purchase and usage are separable for tangible products. This difference makes it clear that executing an recovery strategy toward tangible products is not plausible right after consumers find out product failures. The consumers may think about backgrounds and causes for the unpleasant events during the time gap between product failure and recovery. The deliberation may dilutes positive effects of recovery efforts. The recovery strategies which are provided to consumers experiencing product failures can be classified into three types. A recovery strategy can be implemented to provide consumers with a new product replacing the old defective product, a complimentary product for free, a discount at the time of the failure incident, or a coupon that can be used on the next visit. This strategy is defined as "a rewarding effort." Meanwhile a product failure may arise in exchange for its benefit. Then the product provider can suggest a detail explanation that the defect is hard to escape since it relates highly to the specific advantage to the product. The strategy may be called as "a strengthening effort." Another possible strategy is to recover negative attitude toward own brand by giving prominence to the disadvantages of a competing brand rather than the advantages of its own brand. The strategy is reflected as "a weakening effort." This paper emphasizes that, in order to confirm its effectiveness, a recovery strategy should be compared to being nothing done in response to the product failure. So the three types of recovery efforts is discussed in comparison to the situation involving no recovery effort. The strengthening strategy is to claim high relatedness of the product failure with another advantage, and expects the two-sidedness to ease consumers' complaints. The weakening strategy is to emphasize non-aversiveness of product failure, even if consumers choose another competitive brand. The two strategies can be effective in restoring to the original state, by providing plausible motives to accept the condition of product failure or by informing consumers of non-responsibility in the failure case. However the two may be less effective strategies than the rewarding strategy, since it tries to take care of the rehabilitation needs of consumers. Especially, the relative effect between the strengthening effort and the weakening effort may differ in terms of the severity of the product failure. A consumer who realizes a highly severe failure is likely to attach importance to the property which caused the failure. This implies that the strengthening effort would be less effective under the condition of high product severity. Meanwhile, the failing property is not diagnostic information in the condition of low failure severity. Consumers would not pay attention to non-diagnostic information, and with which they are not likely to change their attitudes. This implies that the strengthening effort would be more effective under the condition of low product severity. A 2 (product failure severity: high or low) X 4 (recovery strategies: rewarding, strengthening, weakening, or doing nothing) between-subjects design was employed. The particular levels of product failure severity and the types of recovery strategies were determined after a series of expert interviews. The dependent variable was product attitude after the recovery effort was provided. Subjects were 284 consumers who had an experience of cosmetics. Subjects were first given a product failure scenario and were asked to rate the comprehensibility of the failure scenario, the probability of raising complaints against the failure, and the subjective severity of the failure. After a recovery scenario was presented, its comprehensibility and overall evaluation were measured. The subjects assigned to the condition of no recovery effort were exposed to a short news article on the cosmetic industry. Next, subjects answered filler questions: 42 items of the need for cognitive closure and 16 items of need-to-evaluate. In the succeeding page a subject's product attitude was measured on an five-item, six-point scale, and a subject's repurchase intention on an three-item, six-point scale. After demographic variables of age and sex were asked, ten items of the subject's objective knowledge was checked. The results showed that the subjects formed more favorable evaluations after receiving rewarding efforts than after receiving either strengthening or weakening efforts. This is consistent with Hoffman, Kelley, and Rotalsky (1995) in that a tangible service recovery could be more effective that intangible efforts. Strengthening and weakening efforts also were effective compared to no recovery effort. So we found that generally any recovery increased products attitudes. The results hint us that a recovery strategy such as strengthening or weakening efforts, although it does not contain a specific reward, may have an effect on consumers experiencing severe unsatisfaction and strong complaint. Meanwhile, strengthening and weakening efforts were not expected to increase product attitudes under the condition of low severity of product failure. We can conclude that only a physical recovery effort may be recognized favorably as a firm's willingness to recover its fault by consumers experiencing low involvements. Results of the present experiment are explained in terms of the attribution theory. This article has a limitation that it utilized fictitious scenarios. Future research deserves to test a realistic effect of recovery for actual consumers. Recovery involves a direct, firsthand experience of ex-users. Recovery does not apply to non-users. The experience of receiving recovery efforts can be relatively more salient and accessible for the ex-users than for non-users. A recovery effort might be more likely to improve product attitude for the ex-users than for non-users. Also the present experiment did not include consumers who did not have an experience of the products and who did not perceive the occurrence of product failure. For the non-users and the ignorant consumers, the recovery efforts might lead to decreased product attitude and purchase intention. This is because the recovery trials may give an opportunity for them to notice the product failure.