• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.353-359
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• 2016

This study were to evaluate risk factors of GB polpy in Busan and Gyeongnam area. This study was performed with patients by abdominal ultrasonography among the patients who came to the P hospital from January to May 2016. Among them, risk factors were analyzed on 399 people at the same time when abdominal ultrasonography and hematological test. The statistical analysis of risk factors related to the GB ployp was performed by independent t-test and chi-square test. In consider of difference verification result for calculations odds ratio about independent variables, multiple logistic regression analysis to conduct verify adequacy by calculating forecasting model from variable. As a result, GB polyp risk factors have relevance to male, HBsAg positive, triglyceride. GB polyp risk factors confirmed to male, HBsAg positive, triglyceride were calculated forecasting model and forecasting probability value. Forecasting probability sensitivity 61.0%, specificity 76.8%, ROC area under curve 0.735 showed, it confirmed validity of forecasting model. When analyzing the GB polyps morphologically, among the GB polyp types observed from abdominal ultrasonography, the hyperechoic and homogeneous pattern with neck was the largest as shown from 27.5% and two GB polyps were shown most from 38%, sizes were shown most by maximum diameter, 5 to 10mm from 53%. As a disease accompany with GB polyp showed mild fatty liver(23%), diffuse hepatopathy(21%).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.635-640
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• 2015

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of liver inflammation caused by an accumulation of fat in the liver. Patients with NAFLD have an increased risk to develop liver fibrosis, which leads to cirrhosis. To investigate hepatoprotective effects of Agrimonia eupatoria L (A. eupatoria), oleic acid-induced NAFLD in HepG2 cells was used and A. eupatoria was fractionated with ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane, dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (BuOH), and H₂O. Cells treated with the EtOAc fraction showed the highest lipid accumulation inhibiting effect. A. eupatoria also suppressed triglyceride accumulation and inhibited expression of lipid marker gene, such as a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). Moreover, another marker, mRNA expression level of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR-α) was significantly increased by in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that A. eupatoria is a potent agent for the treatment of NAFLD.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2024

Hepatocyte damage caused by medications or herbal products is one of the important problem when these compounds are chronically administrated. Thus, improving hepatocyte survival during treatment offers a wide range of opportunities. Valproic acid (VPA), a branched short-chain fatty acid derived from naturally occurring valeric acid, is commonly used to treat epilepsy and seizures. Although VPA exerts numerous effects in cancer, HIV therapy, and neurodegenerative disease, its effects on the liver and its mechanism of action have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that VPA caused moderate liver cell toxicity and apoptosis. Interestingly, VPA treatment increased transcription levels of PPAR alpha (PPAR-α) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in murine (Hepa1c1c7) hepatoma cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. VPA-induced FGF21 expression was significantly weaker under PPAR-α silencing condition than in cells transfected with non-targeting control siRNA. Subsequent experiments showed that cell viability was significantly lowered when the FGF21 signaling pathway was blocked by FGF receptor antagonist. Finally, we further determined that AMPK phosphorylation was not responsible for VPA-induced FGF21 expression and PPAR-a increments. These results indicate that increases of FGF21 expression alleviate VPA-induced hepatic toxicity, thereby making FGF21 a potential biomarker for predicting liver damage during VPA treatments.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2024

Objectives: In the present study, we investigated the effects of clean-diabetes mellitus 3 (C-DM3), a herbal formula with Trichosanthis Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Crataegi Fructus, and Cinnamomi Cortex, on the pathological and serological symptoms of diabetes and its related molecular mechanisms in diet-induced obese mice. Methods: We prepared an obese mouse model using a high-fat diet for 8 weeks and then administered the C-DM3 extract for 4 weeks. The changes of pathological and serological biomarkers for diabetes assessment were measured in the mice and histological changes were observed in the liver and pancreas tissues. We also identified the main compounds in the C-DM3 extract using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed the molecular mechanism of the disease condition by network pharmacological analysis. Results: In the in vivo, the administration of C-DM extract to obese mice significantly reduced body weight gain, fatty liver symptoms, and muscle loss, and decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, aspertate aminotransferase, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In addition, C-DM extract significantly increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1, protein kinase b (AKT), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and glucose transporter 4 in all pancreatic and liver tissues, with inhibition of histopathological changes in obese mice. HPLC analysis identified hyperoside, berberine, epiberberine, columbamin, coptisine, coumarin, jatrorrhizine, and citric acid as the main compounds. In the network pharmacological analysis, the molecular targets of C-DM3 extract on obesity and diabetes were shown as the insulin, AKT, PI3K, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways with the regulation of inflammatory molecules interleukin 6 (IL-6), jun proto-oncogene, and IL-1β, which matched our in vivo targets. Conclusions: Based on these results, C-DM3 extract is expected to be effective in improving obesity and preventing diabetic progression.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1186-1193
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to provide the basic data for preventing and caring cardiovascular disease. The study was performed with the data from the same 1,668 persons who had medical checkup three times from 2004 to 2008 at a health promotion center. The related factors were examined with Cohort Study. The result of the study is as followed, The incidence of metabolic syndrome for the subjects from 2004 to 2008 increased; 0% in 2004, 8.3% in 2006 and 12.0% in 2008. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the related factors in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome which changed from the non metabolic syndrome group in 2004 to metabolic syndrome were age, smoking, total cholesterol, ALT, and uric acid etc.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.185-199
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• 1999

Purpose Obesity goes on increasing rapidly because of the change of dietary life, various stresses and convenience of life, that cause heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, fatty liver, arteriosclerosis these days. As obesity is disease, I think there will be constitution to easily become obese, so I began to study this. Methods (1) Subjects The subjects of this study were 101 female patients visited Nara oriental medical hospital during 2months from April 1 to May 30 in 1999. (2) I determined finally classification of sasang constitution according to diagnosis and questions made in Nara oriental medical hospital. Results (1) 81.2% of obese patients are Taeumin, 15.8% of those are Soeumin, 3% of those are Soyangin. (2) Soeumin has significant difference that it takes over 30 minutes to have a meal. (3) Significant difference is that Soeumin goes to bed earlier in the evening than Taeumin and Soyangin. (4) From obesity of whole body point of view, Taeumin has more significant and from obesity of abdomen and leg point of view, Soeumin has more significant difference.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.516-526
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the food habits, nutrient intake, and disease distribution in the elderly (aged over 65 years). The correlation of diseases with anthropometric measurements and nutrients was investigated. The correlation of blood parameters with anthropometric measurements and nutrient intake was also studied. The results are as follow: 1) Most elderly men (68.6%) and women (81.6%) had more than three diseases. The food habits of the elderly women were worse than those of the men. Their intake of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_2$ were lower than the RDA for those particular nutrients.2) The incidence of gastritis (51.2%) , fatty liver (46.4%) , and hypertension (45.2%) were the highest among elderly men and women. 3) Anemia was negatively correlated with body weight. Hypercholesterolemia was positively correlated with body fat and negatively correlated with intake of calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_2$ . Hypertension was negatively correlated with alcohol consumption. 4) Blood total cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with percent ideal body weight (% IBW) . Blood hemoglobin level was positively correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI) . Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively correlated with % IBW and BMI. Blood cholesterol concentration was negatively correlated with the intake of iron, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, and cholesterol, and positively correlated with the consumption of alcohol. Blood hemoglobin level was positively correlated with the intake of total calories, carbohydrates, fat, protein, iron, vitamin $B_2$, phosphorus, cholesterol, salt, and alcohol.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type Ia is rare inborn metabolic disorder, caused by glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. It characterized by hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia and it is usually manifested in the infantile period. In addition, it is also associated with growth failure, pubertal delay, anemia, platelet dysfunction, osteopenia, and pulmonary hypertension. Hepatocellular adenoma and renal dysfunction are frequent late complications. Delayed diagnosis and inappropriate therapy lead to many complications such as growth failure, osteoporosis, refractory gout, renal failure, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and pulmonary hypertension. Here, two Korean sisters diagnosed with GSD Ia, aged 33 and 36 respectively, were described and compared to recent articles about four adults with late diagnosis of GSD Ia. One sister had typical manifestations of GSD Ia including short stature (height, 145 cm), multiple hepatic adenoma, chronic kidney disease stage IV, and severe osteoporosis, whereas the older sister had normal stature (162 cm), one tiny hepatic nodule, and normal renal function. Direct sequencing of G6PC in two sisters identified a homozygous splicing mutation, c.645G>T, which is a prevalent mutation in Korea. Interestingly, our cases and four adults from recent reports had asymptomatic mild hypoglycemia and various manifestations including renal failure, HCC, fatty liver, or uncontrolled hyperlipidemia. These adult cases represent not only heterogenous phenotype to genotype within family members with GSD Ia but also long-term complications such as gouty arthritis, renal failure, and osteoporosis in untreated adult GSD Ia patients. In addition, lactic academia and hypertriglyceridemia are good markers of GSD Ia to distinguish from metabolic disease.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2009

Fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a common nutritional disease in commercial layers and breeders. The most important clinical sign of FLHS is a sudden drop in egg production and increased mortality which causes significant economic loss in the poultry industry. However, the current diagnostic method for FLHS is based on the gross findings at necropsy which is not helpful to reduce the economic loss because of lateness of diagnosis. Therefore, we need early diagnosis and diagnostic methods before chickens were affected by FLHS. In this study we tried to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical pathology including blood chemistry as an early diagnostic method for FLHS in commercial chickens. Profiles of blood biochemistry were compared between two flocks selected in the same commercial layer farm based on the presence of FLHS clinical sings. A flock with clinical signs of FLHS was designated as FLHS and other flock without clinical signs of FLHS as Non-FLHS. Several parameters of blood biochemistry were selected and compared between FLHS and Non-FLHS to evaluate the possibility of early diagnosis. Average concentrations of serum cholesterol, serum calcium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were $139.4\;{\pm}\;87.2$ (mg/dL), $24.5\;{\pm}\;5.4$ (mg/dL), $153.6\;{\pm}\;23.1$ (IU/L), $1238.3\;{\pm}\;475.2$ (IU/L) and $1107.3\;{\pm}\;422.8$ (IU/L) in Non-FLHS flock, respectively, and $210.2\;{\pm}\;173.2$ (mg/dL), $25.2\;{\pm}\;4.1$ (mg/dL), $174.3\;{\pm}\;53.5$ (IU/L), $1694.9\;{\pm}\;691.3$ (IU/L) and $1104.9\;{\pm}\;472.9$ (IU/L) in FLHS flock, respectively. The activities of serum cholesterol, AST and LDH except CK, were significantly higher in FLHS than those in Non-FLHS flock (p<0.05). Some birds of FLHS flock showed 2~17 times greater than in Non-FLHS flock. For the definitive diagnosis of FLHS in the flocks tested for blood chemistry, we analyzed fat content and histological lesion score in the liver sampled from both FLHS and Non-FLHS flock. Average liver fat contents based on dry weight were $16.1\;{\pm}\;0.4$ (%) in Non-FLHS flock and were $21.6\;{\pm}\;16.0$ (%) in FLHS flock. These result confirmed that FLHS flock was definitely affected by FLHS. The above results suggest that selected parameters of blood biochemistry, particularly AST, could be useful to diagnose FLHS before significant liver damage occurred in commercial layers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2014

Purpose: There are 15 types of Glycogen storage disease (GSD) that have been identified, and GSD type Ia is the most common type. There are several studies of Korean GSD type Ia patients' long-term complications. The aim of this study to find out clinical symptoms and prognosis of GSD type Ia patients. Methods: We performed clinical, biochemical and genetic analysis retrospectively on five patients diagnosed with GSD type Ia in a Soonchunhyang University Hospital from July 2002 to July 2014. Results: All patients had hepatomegaly at diagnosis, and they were all confirmed to have fatty liver at abdomen USG. They had no developmental delay, but two of them had growth retardation. Elevated blood lactate, triglyceride, and uric acid levels can find out all patients, but only one patient had hypoglycemia. They are diagnosed with GSD through gene analysis, and by gene analysis, they have c.648G>T (homozygote, splicing mutation), c.122G>A/c.648G>T, c.248G>A/c.648G>T mutations. Treatment with three times meals, three times snacks and four to six times use of uncooked constarch for all patients. Following the progress, one of them resulted in hypothyroidism, other one had renal stones. A patient diagnosed at 16 years old had liver cirrhosis and started having hemodialysis for ESRD. Conclusion: GSD type Ia patients had hepatomegaly, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and lactacidemia. Therefore patients who have such these symptoms are recommended gene analysis. A patient diagnosed at 16-years-old had liver cirrhosis and ESRD in progress, early diagnosis and treatment are important for GSD type Ia patients.