• 제목/요약/키워드: Fatty acid methyl ester

검색결과 167건 처리시간 0.027초

Multi-dimensional GC-MS를 이용한 항공터빈유의 FAME 함량 분석 (Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) content in aviation turbine fuel using multi-dimensional GC-MS)

  • 연주민;도진우;황인하;김성룡;강용
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.717-726
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    • 2017
  • 항공유에 fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)가 혼합될 경우 연료 공급시스템과 항공기 엔진에 치명적인 고장의 원인이 될 수 있기 때문에 항공유 품질규격에서 FAME 함량을 50 mg/kg 이하로 규정하고 있다. 무수히 많은 탄화수소로 구성된 항공유 중의 FAME 성분을 선택적으로 분석하기 어렵기 때문에 본 연구에서는 MDGC-MS를 사용한 새로운 시험방법을 개발하였다. Deans switching 시스템이 설치된 MDGC-MS를 이용하면 코코넛 오일이나 팜유 유래의 저분자량 FAME 성분도 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다. 개발된 시험방법은 FAME 피크의 머무름 시간을 약간 뒤로 이동시키는 매질 효과(matrix effect)를 현행의 기준 시험방법(IP 585)보다 약 20배 이하로 감소시킬 수 있었다. MDGC-MS는 항공유에 미량의 FAME가 오염되었는지 여부를 정성 및 정량적으로 확인할 수 있는 시험방법으로 적합하였다.

Dietary supplementation of finishing pigs with the docosahexaenoic acid-rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum: effects on performance, carcass characteristics and tissue fatty acid profile

  • Moran, Colm A.;Morlacchini, Mauro;Keegan, Jason D.;Fusconi, Giorgio
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.712-720
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA) on pig performance, carcass traits, and the fatty acid composition of pork Longissimus lumborum (LL) and backfat. Methods: A total of 144 Pig Improvement Company (PIC)${\times}$Goland finishing pigs (72 females and 72 castrated males) of mean weight 117.1 (${\pm}13.1$) kg were blocked by sex and body weight and provided with 0% or 1% AURA in isonutritive and isocaloric diets. A total of 24 pens provided 12 replicates per treatment. Animals were weighed on day 0 and 28 with feed and water intake recorded per pen. After 31 days supplementation (28 days of study and 3 days until the slaughtering date) three animals per pen (n = 72) were slaughtered and the LL and backfat thickness, lean meat content and dressing percentage were recorded for the carcasses. The fatty acid (FA) profile of the LL and backfat was established by direct FA methyl ester synthesis. Results: No differences were observed for any performance parameters or carcass traits. Supplementation with AURA resulted in significant changes to the FA profiles of both the LL and backfat with male and female pigs responding differently to supplementation in terms of particular FAs. Overall, pork LL samples had significantly higher eicosapentaenoic acid (p<0.001) and DHA concentrations (p<0.001), and higher omega-3 (n-3) FAs (p<0.001), as well as an increased omega3:omega6 (n-3:n-6) ratio (p = 0.001). For backfat, supplementation resulted in significantly higher amounts of DHA (p<0.001) and n-3 FAs (p<0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 1% AURA over a 31 day period can increase the FA composition of pork LL and backfat, specifically the DHA, with no major impact on growth performance and carcass traits.

리기다소나무재(材)의 유기용매(有機溶媒) 추출물(抽出物)과 그 tall oil 간의 조성(組成)의 차이(差異) (Difference of the Chemical Compositions Between Petroleum Ether Extract and its Tall Oil in Pitch Pine, Pinus Rigida Mill)

  • 고상운;안운영
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.79-89
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    • 1988
  • 본(本) 실험(實驗)은 리기다소나무(Pinus rigida Mill)를 petroleum ether로 추출(抽出)한 추출액(抽出被)과 흑액(黑液)으로부터 얻은 tall oil과의 조성(組成)의 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)하기 위하여 실시(實施)하였다. 생재(生材)의 유기용매(有機溶媒) 추출액(抽出液)과 tall oil 을 DEAE-Sephadex 칼럼과 aluminum oxide 칼럼을 사용하여 수지산(樹脂酸)과 지방산(脂肪酸)으로 분리(分離)한 후 이를 개스크로마토 그래프로 분석(分析)하였다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 얻는 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 생재(生材)의 유기용매(有機溶媒) 추출액(抽出液힘)과 tail oil은 주로 수지산(樹脂酸)으로 구성(構成)되어 있고 특히 abietic-type acide의 함량(含量)이 매우 높게 나타났으며, tall oil의 조성(組成)은 생재(生材)의 유기용매(有機溶媒) 추출물(抽出物)에 비(比)해 지방산(脂肪酸)의 함량(含量)이 증가(增加)한 반면 수지산(樹脂酸)은 감소(減少)하였고, 증해시(蒸解時) 고온(高溫)과 증해약품(蒸解藥品)에 의하여 불포화(不飽和) 지방산(脂肪酸)의 이중결합(二重結合) 위치(位置)의 변화(變化) 및 이성질화(異性質化)에 의하여 미확인(未確認) 물질(物質)의 양(量)이 증가(增加)하였다.

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볶음 조건 및 추출 방법에 따른 오미자씨유의 품질 특성 (Quality characteristic of Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) seed oils by roasting conditions and extraction methods)

  • 이현정;조정석;이영민;최지영;성준형;정헌식;문광덕
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.845-850
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구를 통해 오미자의 산업 부산물인 오미자씨를 이용하여 볶음 조건과 추출 방법에 따른 오미자씨유의 품질특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 볶음 조건과 추출 방법이 다른 10종 오미자씨유의 수율을 측정한 결과 용매 추출에 비해 압착 추출의 수율이 더 높았으며 이는 압착 시 함께 얻어지는 오미자씨 박에 의한 것으로 보인다. 또한 오미자씨의 볶음 온도가 높고 볶음 시간이 길수록 오미자씨유의 수율은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 볶음 시간이 길고 볶음 온도가 높을수록 오미자씨유의 $L^*$ 값은 전반적으로 낮았으며, 용매 추출에 비해 압착 추출의 $L^*$ 값이 더 낮은 값으로 나타났다. $a^*$$b^*$ 값의 경우 볶음 시간이 길고 볶음 온도가 높을수록 그 값이 증가하여 볶음 조건과 추출 방법에 따른 오미자씨유의 색 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 볶음 처리하지 않은 오미자씨의 경우 용매 추출 오미자씨유에 비해 압착 추출 오미자씨유의 과산화물가가 유의적으로 더 높게 나타났다. 하지만 볶음 온도가 높고 볶음 시간이 길수록 추출 방법에 의한 과산화물가의 값 차이는 감소하였으며 $250^{\circ}C$에서 볶음 처리한 오미자씨유의 과산화물가는 추출방법에 따른 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 볶음 온도가 높고 볶음 시간이 길수록 오미자씨유의 과산화물가는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 오미자씨유 희색액의 DPPH radical 소거능 측정 결과 $31.91{\pm}1.57{\sim}39.27{\pm}1.61%$ 수준으로 나타났으며, 볶음조건에 따른 오미자씨유 희석액의 ABTS radical 저해능 측정 결과 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 볶음 조건과 추출방법을 달리한 오미자씨유의 fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) 조성의 분석결과, 주요 FAME로는 methyl butyrate, methyl hexanoate, methyl arachidate, methy eicosanoate가 분석되었다. 이 중 methyl butyrate가 $96.96{\pm}0.39{\sim}97.39{\pm}0.10%$로 가장 높은 조성으로 존재하였으며, 주요 4종의 FAME의 총 함량은 99.56~99.65%를 차지하였다. 따라서 오미자씨유의 제조에 있어서 높은 수율, 낮은 과산화물가, 다소 높은 항산화성을 위하여 용매 추출, 긴 볶음 시간 및 높은 볶음 온도가 더 유리하다고 사료된다.

오리고기의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Fatty Acid Composition of Duck Meat)

  • 남현근
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.34-37
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    • 1977
  • 오리고기를 가식부(可食部)만을 n-Hexane으로 지방(脂肪)을 용출(溶出)하고 정제(精製)한 다음 methyl ester시켜 gas chromatography로 분석(分析)하고 몇가지 화학적(化學的) 성자(性資)를 시험(試驗)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 오리고기의 일반성분(一般成分)은 수분(水分) 64.87%, 단백질(蛋白質) 19.06%, 조지방(粗脂肪) 17.3%, 회분(灰分) 1.12%로 닭고기에 비(比)하여 지방(脂肪)은 다소 많았다. 2. 용매(溶媒)의 종류에 따라 용출량(溶出量)이 다소 차이가 있었다. Ethylether에 79.57%, chloroform에 70.15%, n-Hexane에 72.35%로 나타났다. 3. n-hexane으로 용출(溶出)한 지방(脂肪)의 chemical constant는 산가(酸價) 5.01, 검화가 201.5, 요오드가(價)카 50.1, 카보널가(價) 4.5%를 나타냈다. 4. n-Hexane으로 용출(溶出)한 지방산(脂肪酸)을 gas chromatography에 의(依)하며 분석(分析)하여 오리고기(Leg portion)는 Myristic acid 0.12%, palmitic acid 17.2% , Stearic acid 3.1%, Oleic acid 45.9%, Linoleic acid 19.9%, Linolenic acid 1.6%를 나타냈고, 오리고기(Breast portion)는 Myristic acid 0.17%, Palmitic acid 17.1%, stearic acid 3.3%, Oleic acid 51.2%, Linoleic acid 17.2%, Linolenic acid 1.7%이었고, arachidonic acid는 측정되지 않았다. 5. 오리피의 cholesterol은 total 200mg%, Breast portion의 fat에 cholesterol의 total은 260mg%, Leg portion의 fat에 cholesterol의 tatal은 400mg% 이었다. $\divideontimes$ 본연구(本硏究)는 1976년도(年度) 광주서원전문학교(光州瑞元專門學校) 학술연구조성비에 의(依)하여 행(行)한 것입니다.

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Enhancement of Lipid Production under Heterotrophic Conditions by Overexpression of an Endogenous bZIP Transcription Factor in Chlorella sp. HS2

  • Lee, Hansol;Shin, Won-Sub;Kim, Young Uk;Jeon, Seungjib;Kim, Minsik;Kang, Nam Kyu;Chang, Yong Keun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제30권10호
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    • pp.1597-1606
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    • 2020
  • Transcription factor engineering to regulate multiple genes has shown promise in the field of microalgae genetic engineering. Here, we report the first use of transcription factor engineering in Chlorella sp. HS2, thought to have potential for producing biofuels and bioproducts. We identified seven endogenous bZIP transcription factors in Chlorella sp. HS2 and named them HSbZIP1 through HSbZIP7. We overexpressed HSbZIP1, a C-type bZIP transcription factor, in Chlorella sp. HS2 with the goal of enhancing lipid production. Phenotype screening under heterotrophic conditions showed that all transformants exhibited increased fatty acid production. In particular, HSbZIP1 37 and 58 showed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields of 859 and 1,052 mg/l, respectively, at day 10 of growth under heterotrophic conditions, and these yields were 74% and 113% higher, respectively, than that of WT. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the improved phenotypes, we identified candidate HSbZIP1-regulated genes via transcription factor binding site analysis. We then selected three genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and investigated mRNA expression levels of the genes by qRT-PCR. The result revealed that the possible HSbZIP1-regulated genes involved in fatty acid synthesis were upregulated in the HSbZIP1 transformants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HSbZIP1 can be utilized to improve lipid production in Chlorella sp. HS2 under heterotrophic conditions.

Functional Characterization of Antagonistic Fluorescent Pseudomonads Associated with Rhizospheric Soil of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

  • Ayyadurai, N.;Naik, P. Ravindra;Sakthivel, N.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.919-927
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    • 2007
  • Antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from rhizospheric soil of rice were characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analyses. Antagonistic isolates were grown in the fermentation media, and production of antibiotics was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Production of fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as protease, cellulase, pectinase, and chitinase was determined. Dendrogram based on the major and differentiating fatty acids resulted into 5 clusters, viz., cluster I (P. pseudoalcaligenes group), cluster II (P. plecoglossicida group), cluster III (P. fluorescens group), cluster IV (P. aeruginosa group), and cluster V (P. putida group). Characteristic presence of high relative proportions of cyclopropane (17:0 CYCLO w7c) was observed in antagonistic bacteria. Data revealed biodiversity among antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the rice rhizosphere. Results presented in this study will help to identify the antagonistic isolates and to determine their mechanisms that mediate antagonism against fungal pathogens of rice.

Sterculic Acid and Its Analogues Are Potent Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii

  • Hao, Pan;Alaraj, Intisar Q.M.;Al Dulayymi, Juma'a R.;Baird, Mark S.;Liu, Jing;Liu, Qun
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제54권2호
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 2016
  • Toxoplasmosis is a serious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, one of the most widespread parasites in the world. Lipid metabolism is important in the intracellular stage of T. gondii. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a key enzyme for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid is predicted to exist in T. gondii. Sterculic acid has been shown to specifically inhibit SCD activity. Here, we examined whether sterculic acid and its methyl ester analogues exhibit anti-T. gondii effects in vitro. T. gondii-infected Vero cells were disintegrated at 36 hr because of the propagation and egress of intracellular tachyzoites. All test compounds inhibited tachyzoite propagation and egress, reducing the number of ruptured Vero cells by the parasites. Sterculic acid and the methyl esters also inhibited replication of intracellular tachyzoites in HFF cells. Among the test compounds, sterculic acid showed the most potent activity against T. gondii, with an $EC_{50}$ value of $36.2{\mu}M$, compared with $EC_{50}$ values of $248-428{\mu}M$ for the methyl esters. Our study demonstrated that sterculic acid and its analogues are effective in inhibition of T. gondii growth in vitro, suggesting that these compounds or analogues targeting SCD could be effective agents for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.

초임계유체를 이용한 당 에스테르의 합성 및 분리정제

  • 서덕기;김우경;김광일;유인상;윤현희
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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    • pp.705-708
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    • 2001
  • 지방산제거방법으로 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하고자 지방산의 초임계 이산화탄소에 대한 용해도률 조사하였다. 추출온도와 압력을 실험변수로 하여 각 지방산의 용해도를 측정한 결과 $35-50^{\circ}C$, 80-120atm의 범위에서 초임계추출이 이루어졌으며, oleic acid의 용해도는 약 1.7x10-4 mole/mole of $CO_2$이었다. 당 에스테르의 효소적합 성공정으로 초임계법을 적용하였는 바, 반응시간 24시간 후 약 67%의 전환율을 얻을 수 있었다.

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Response of Soil Microbial Communities to Different Cultivation Systems in Controlled Horticultural Land

  • Lee, You-Seok;Kang, Jeong-Hwa;Choi, Kyeong-Ju;Lee, Seong-Tae;Kim, Eun-Seok;Song, Won-Doo;Lee, Young-Han
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.118-126
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    • 2011
  • Ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME) profiles were used to describe differences in soil microbial communities influenced by conventional farming system (CFS), and organic farming system (OFS) in controlled horticultural land. Soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial communities were determined in the experimental fields. Higher organic matter content in OFS reduced soil bulk density which in turn increased the soil porosity. Generally, soil chemical properties in OFS were higher than those of CFS, but EC value in OFS was significantly lower than that of CFS. With the exception of Fe content, other macronutrient contents and pH in both farming system decreased with the soil depth. Soil microbial biomass of OFS was approximately 1.3 times in topsoil and 1.8 times in subsoil higher than those of CFS. Lower ratios of cy17:0 to $16:1{\omega}7c$ and cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ were found in the CFS soils than the OFS soils, indicating that microbial stress decreased. The ratio of MUFA to SFA was higher in OFS due to organic input to the soil. In principal components analysis (PCA), the first variable accounted for 54.3%, while the second for 27.3%, respectively. The PC1 of the PCA separated the samples from CFS and OFS, while the PC2 of the PCA separated the samples from topsoil and subsoil. EL-FAMEs with the positive eigenvector coefficients for PC1 were cy17: 0 to $16:1{\omega}7c$ ratio, cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ ratio, soil pH, soil organic matter, and soil $NO_3$-N content. Our findings suggest that the shifting cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ ratio should be considered as potential factors responsible for the clear microbial community differentiation observed between different cultivation systems and soil depth in controlled horticultural land.