• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.983-989
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• 2005

[ $PZT(Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3)$ ] thin films were deposited by multi-target reactive sputtering method on $RuO_2$ substrates. Pure perovskite phase PZT films could be obtained by introducing Ti-oxide seed layer on the $RuO_2$ substrates prior to PZT film deposition. The PZT films deposited on the $RuO_2$ substrates showed highly voltage-shifted hysteresis loop compared with the films deposited on the Pt substrates. The surface of $RuO_2$ substrate was found to be reduced to metallic Ru in vacuum at elevated temperature, which caused the formation of oxygen vacancies at the initial stage of PZT film deposition and gave rise to the voltage shift in the P-E hysteresis loop of the PZT capacitor. The fatigue characteristics of the PZT capacitors under unipolar wane electric field were different from those under bipolar wane. The fatigue test under unipolar wane showed the increase of polarization. It was thought that the ferroelectric domains which had been pinned by charged defects such as oxygen vacancies and the charged defects were reduced in number by combining with the electrons injected from the electrode under unipolar wave, resulting in the relaxation of the ferroelectric domains and the increase of polarization.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1279-1290
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• 2015

The main role of studs, which act as connectors of the steel-concrete composite structures, is to ensure that the steel and the concrete work together as a whole. The studs in steel-concrete composite structures bear the shearing force in the majority of cases, but in certain locations, such as the mid-span of a simply supported composite beam, the studs bear axial uplift force. The previous studies mainly focused on the shearing performance of the stud by some experimental and theoretical effort. However, rare studies involved the uplift performance of studs. In this paper, the single stud uplift test on 10 composite specimens was performed. Meanwhile, based on the test, numerical analysis was introduced to simulate the concrete damage process due to the stud uplifted from concrete. The static ultimate bearing capacity, under which the stud connector was pulled out from the damaged reinforced concrete, is much larger than the cyclic ultimate bearing capacity, under which the weld joint between stud and steel plate fractured. According to the fatigue test results of 7 specimens, the fatigue S-N curve of the construction detail after minus 2 times standard deviation is $logN=24.011-9.171\;log{\Delta}{\sigma}$, the fatigue strength corresponding to $2{\times}10^6$ cycles is 85.33 MPa.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2007

Fatigue fracture behavior of a hybrid bolted joint was evaluated in comparison to the case of static fracture. Two kinds of specimens were fabricated for the mechanical tests; a hybrid bolted joint specimen for the shear test and a hybrid joint part specimen applied in the real tilting car body for the bending test. Characteristic fracture behaviors of those specimens under cyclic toads were obviously different from the case under static loads. For the hybrid bolted joint specimen, static shear loading caused the fracture of the bolt body itself in a pure shear mode, whereas cyclic shear loading brought about the fracture at the site of local tensile stress concentration. For the hybrid joint part specimen, static bend loading caused the shear deformation and fracture in the honeycomb core region, while cyclic bend loading did the delamination along the interface between composite skin and honeycomb core layers as well as the fracture of welded joint part. Experimental results obtained by static and fatigue tests were reflected in modifications of design parameters of the hybrid joint structure in the real tilting car body.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2022

Sensors are applied to small aviation platforms for various purposes. Radio frequency (RF) antennas, which are representative sensors, are available in many forms but require the application of slot array RF antennas to ensure high performance and designation. Slot RF array antennas are applied to dip brazing techniques, but the yield and production time are determined by the proficiency of production personnel in a labor-intensive form. Unmanned aerial vehicles or drones, which are representative small aviation platforms, are continuously exposed to various random vibrations because propellers and multiple power sources are used in them. In this study, the fatigue life of slot array RF antennas applied with additive manufacturing was evaluated through the cumulative damage method (Miner's rule) in a vibration environment with a small aviation platform. For the evaluation, an S N curve obtained from a fatigue strength test was used.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.799-813
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• 2020

Fatigue cracks of rib-to-deck (RD) joints have been frequently observed in the orthotropic steel decks (OSD) using conventional U-ribs (CU). Thickened edge U-rib (TEU) is proposed to enhance the fatigue strength of RD joints, and its effectiveness has been proved through fatigue tests. In-depth full-scale tests are further carried out to investigate both the fatigue strength and fractography of RD joints. Based on the test result, the mean fatigue strength of TEU specimens is 21% and 17% higher than that of CU specimens in terms of nominal and hot spot stress, respectively. Meanwhile, the development of fatigue cracks has been measured using the strain gauges installed along the welded joint. It is found that such the crack remains almost in semi-elliptical shape during the initiation and propagation. For the further application of TEUs, the design curve under the specific survival rate is required for the RD joints using TEUs. Since the fatigue strength of welded joints is highly scattered, the design curves derived by using the limited test data only are not reliable enough to be used as the reference. On this ground, an experiment-numerical hybrid approach is employed. Basing on the fatigue test, a probabilistic assessment model has been established to predict the fatigue strength of RD joints. In the model, the randomness in material properties, initial flaws and local geometries has been taken into consideration. The multiple-site initiation and coalescence of fatigue cracks are also considered to improve the accuracy. Validation of the model has been rigorously conducted using the test data. By extending the validated model, large-scale databases of fatigue life could be generated in a short period. Through the regression analysis on the generated database, design curves of the RD joint have been derived under the 95% survival rate. As the result, FAT 85 and FAT 110 curves with the power index m of 2.89 are recommended in the fatigue evaluation on the RD joint using TEUs in terms of nominal stress and hot spot stress respectively. Meanwhile, FAT 70 and FAT 90 curves with m of 2.92 are suggested in the evaluation on the RD joint using CUs in terms of nominal stress and hot spot stress, respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.635-643
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• 2017

STS 304L 강재의 냉간압연율의 증가에 따라 t가 1.5 mm에서 1.1 mm까지 감소하면 인장강도, 항복강도, 경도치 및 UFT피로시험의 피로한도는 선형적으로 증가하였다. t=1.5 mm, t=1.4 mm, t=1.3 mm 및 t=1.1 mm인 4가지 시험편의 UFT피로시험(R= -1)결과, 회전굽힘피로시험(R= -1)의 결과처럼 $10^6$ 영역에서 S-N곡선의 피로한도가 절점(knee point)을 형성하였고, 기가사이클 피로에서 생기는 현상인 피로한도가 추가로 감소하지않았다. 또 t=1.1 mm인 경우 가장 높은 피로한도 345 MPa로 되었고, 원소재(t=1.5 mm)에 대하여 64.3 % 증가하였다. 냉간압연율에 따른 UFT피로시험결과 많은 작은 표면균열이 티어링(tearing)하면서 발생, 성장, 서로 합체하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2018

대형 용접 구조물에 대한 피로설계 수명의 예측은 일반적으로 Palmgren Miner과 등가손상도 방법 또는 선형누적손상도 방법을 사용한다. 또한 용접 구조물에서 피로 균열이 발생되면 잔존 수명은 S-N 곡선과 선형 파괴역학에 기초하여 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 면외거셋 용접이음의 3차원 피로균열 진전거동과 피로수명을 예측하기 위하여 피로 시험을 실시하였다. 면외거셋 용접이음의 3차원 피로균열진전해석은 NX NASTRAN 및 FRANC3D를 이용하여 유한요소 해석을 실시하였다. 면외거셋 용접이음의 균열 형상비, 초기균열 크기 및 응력비에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 피로균열진전 해석을 실시하였다. 또한 초기균열크기, 균열 형상비와 응력비의 변화에 따른 3차원 피로균열진전 해석 결과와 피로시험결과를 비교하였다. 피로균열진전 해석결과, 피로균열 진전속도와 응력확대계수와의 관계에서 피로시험과 유사하게 나타남을 확인하였으며, 면외거셋 용접이음의 피로수명을 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제9권
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• pp.21-28
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• 1989

For the study of the fatigue behavior, high-strength bolted connections on a small scale were manufactured, and carried on fatigue tests. Its experimental values were analysed by stress-fatigue life (S-N) curve. Three types of specimens : the base metal, the cireular hole and the welded sperimens had same net section were made. Through the same tests those experimental values were compared with those of the high-strength bolted conneetions. The results of these studies are as followings. It was found that the fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the high-strength bolted conneetions were much more about 14% and 16% than that of the base metal specimen. It was thought that this trend was due to frictional force increasing fatigue strength. It was known that fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the welded joints were less 29% and 21% than that of base metal specimen. It was thought that that trend was due to weld flaw. It was appeared that the fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the high-strength bolted connections were much more about 38% and 30% than that of welded joint. It was thought that it was due to both frictional force increasing the fatigue strength in bolted connections and weld flaw decreasing the fatigue strength in welded connections. It was found that the fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the B3 specimens were much more 2% and -2% than that of the B4 specimen. It was thought that that trend was due to the frictional force, which concerned with shape of specimen. It was known that the fatigue strength in $F_{n=100,000}$ and $F_{n=2,000,000}$ of the specimen with circular hole was less 61% and 65% than that of base metal. It was known that the allowable stress for bolted joint was higher than that of welded Joints. If that research is continued and more data are accumulated it can be expected that a basic pattern to provided the indicator of the fatigue design of the bolted connections of steel structures and persume the safety and lifeproof of existing structures is given.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 혼화재 다량 치환 경량 및 보통중량 콘크리트의 압축 피로 특성 평가이다. 사용된 결합재는 시멘트 30%, 플라이애쉬 20%, 고로슬래그 50%이다. 콘크리트의 설계 압축강도는 40MPa 이다. 반복하중은 최대 응력비가 정적 콘크리트 압축강도의 75%, 80% 및 90%와 최소 응력비가 정적 강도의 10% 범위에서 1Hz의 속도로 가력하였다. 실험결과 혼화재 다량 치환 경량콘크리트의 피로수명은 혼화재 다량치환 보통중량 콘크리트에 비해 다소 낮았다. 최대응력에서의 피로변형률 값은 피로수명의 약 90% 이후부터 정정 응력-변형률 곡선의 하강부와 교차하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.561-568
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• 2013

7,000lb 급 헬리콥터를 위한 무베어링 로터 허브 시스템을 설계한 후, 무베어링 로터 허브 시스템의 주요 구성품 중 하나인 유연보에 대해 요구수명 8,000시간을 만족하는지 확인하기 위한 피로해석을 수행하였다. 2차원 탄성 보 모델에 대한 단면 구조해석 방법을 적용하였으며, 정적구조해석을 통해 피로손상에 취약할 것으로 예상되는 두 단면에 대한 피로해석을 수행하였다. 구조해석을 위해 VABS를 사용하여 유연보 단면 형상에 대한 인장, 굽힘 및 뒤틀림 강성을 계산하였고, wohler equation을 적용하여 유연보를 구성하는 두 가지 복합재 소재에 대한 S-N 곡선을 생성하였다. CAMRAD II를 통해 무베어링 로터 시스템의 하중해석을 수행하였으며, 하중해석 결과를 HELIX/FELIX 표준하중 스펙트럼에 적용하여 무베어링 로터 시스템의 하중 스펙트럼을 생성한 후, 이를 통해 피로해석을 수행하였다.