• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.510-514
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• 2015

Various parts of Kkujippong (Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau) tree (leaves, stems, roots, and fruit) were evaluated to determine their properties. The general components of Kkujippong tree were fat 1.3-5.9 g /100 g, protein 6.3-18.7 g /100 g, and ash 2.8-9.0 g /100 g. The fiber content of the stem was the highest amount at 69.2 g/100 g, followed by protein in the roots (49.9), leaves (45.5), and fruit (15.6). In addition, Kkujippong tree was found to contain high concentrations of several minerals (Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, P, Zn) in the leaves. The total polyphenol content was significantly higher in the leaves than in other areas at 571.3 mg% (p<0.05). Electron donating ability was also highest in the leaves at 83.55% (p<0.05).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2009

We describe here the cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the glutathione S-transferase (GST) from the bumblebee Bombus ignitus. The Delta-class B. ignitus GST (BiGSTD) gene spans 1668 bp and consists of four introns and five exons that encode 216 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of approximately 24561 Da and a pI of 8.03. The N-terminal domain of BiGSTD has a conserved Ser residue, as well as conserved Lys, Pro, Glu, Ser and Tyr residues that are involved in the GSH-binding site of GST. The BiGSTD showed 60% protein sequence identity to the Bombyx mori GSTT1, 58% to Musca domestica GST, 57% to Drosophila melanogaster GST, and 55% to Anopheles gambiae GST1. BiGSTD was close to the insect-specific Delta class of GSTs in a phylogenetic tree. Northern blot analysis showed that BiGSTD is highly expressed in the fat body and midgut, and less so in the muscles of B. ignitus worker bees.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

The family of bile acids belongs to a group of molecular species of acidic steroids with very peculiar biological characteristics. They are synthesized by the liver from cholesterol through several complementary pathways and secreted into small intestine for the participation in the digestion and absorption of fat. The bile acids are mostly confined to the territories of the so-called enterohepatic circulation, which includes the liver, the biliary tree, the intestine and the portal blood with which bile acids are returned to the liver. In patients with bile acid malabsorption, the amount of primary bile acids in the colon is increased compared to healthy controls. Although the increase in the secondary bile acids including deoxycholic acid, is reported to have the potency to affect tumorigenesis in gastrointestinal tracts, there is no firm evidence that clinically relevant concentrations of the bile acids induce cancer. The list of their physiological roles, as well as that of the pathological processes is long and still not complete. There is no doubt that many new concepts, pharmaceutical tools and pharmacological uses of bile acids and their derivatives will emerge in the near future.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.56-60
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• 2015

Mobile devices like smartphones and tablets are becoming increasingly capable in terms of processing power. Although they are already used in computer vision, no comparable measurement experiments of the popular feature extraction algorithm have been made yet. That is, local feature descriptors are widely used in many computer vision applications, and recently various methods have been proposed. While there are many evaluations have focused on various aspects of local features, matching accuracy, however there are no comparisons considering on speed trade-offs of recent descriptors such as ORB, FAST and BRISK. In this paper, we try to provide a performance evaluation of feature descriptors, and compare their matching precision and speed in KD-Tree setup with efficient computation of Hamming distance. The experimental results show that the recently proposed real valued descriptors such as ORB and FAST outperform state-of-the-art descriptors such SIFT and SURF in both, speed-up efficiency and precision/recall.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2009

This study proposes a novel double-base log encoder (DBLE) for flash Analog-to-Digital converters (ADCs). Analog inputs of flash ADCs are represented in logarithmic number systems with bases of 2 and 3 at the outputs of DBLE. A look up table stores the sets of exponents of base 2 and 3 values. This algorithm improves the performance of a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) system that takes outputs of a flash ADC, since the double-base log number representation does multiplication operation easily within negligible error range in ADC. We have designed and implemented 6 bits DBLE implemented with ROM (Read-Only Memory) architecture in a $0.18\;{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The power consumption and speed of DBLE are better than the FAT tree and binary ROM encoders at the cost of more chip area. The DBLE can be implemented into SoC architecture with DSP to improve the processing speed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.4787-4807
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• 2016

Although the dense interconnection datacenter networks (DCNs) (e.g. FatTree) provide multiple paths and high bisection bandwidth for each server pair, the single-path TCP (SPT) and ECMP which are widely used currently neither achieve high bandwidth utilization nor have good load balancing. Due to only one available transmission path, SPT cannot make full use of all available bandwidth, while ECMP's random hashing results in many collisions. In this paper, we present OFPT, an OpenFlow based Parallel Transport framework, which integrates precise routing and scheduling for better load balancing and higher network throughput. By adopting OpenFlow based centralized control mechanism, OFPT computes the optimal path and bandwidth provision for each flow according to the global network view. To guarantee high throughput, OFPT dynamically schedules flows with Seamless Flow Migration Mechanism (SFMM), which can avoid packet loss in flow rerouting. Finally, we test OFPT on Mininet and implement it in a real testbed. The experimental results show that the average network throughput in OFPT is up to 97.5% of bisection bandwidth, which is higher than ECMP by 36%. Besides, OFPT decreases the average flow completion time (AFCT) and achieves better scalability.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the effect of desalinated underground seawater (named as 'magma seawater', MSW) of Jeju Island in Korea on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. MSW was collected from underground of Han-Dong in Jeju Island, and freely given to high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice for 10 weeks. Although there were no significant differences in the body weight changes and plasma lipid levels, hepatic triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the MSW group than in the normal tap water (TW)-drunken control group. Furthermore, the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was significantly decreased and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity was increased in MSW group compared to TW group. Similarly, real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes were lowered in MSW groups compared to the control group. In a morphometric observation on the liver tissue, accumulation of fats was remarkably reduced in MSW group. Meanwhile, in vitro assay, tree radical scavenging activity measured by using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was increased in MSW group. The 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining followed with fluorescent microscopy showed a low intensity of fluorescence in MSW-treated HepG2 cells, compared to TW-treated HepG2 cells, which indicated that the production of reactive oxygen species by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in HepG2 cells was decreased by MSW treatment. The antioxidant effect of MSW on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was supported by the increased activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione reductase. From these results, we speculate that MSW has an inhibitory effect on lipogenesis in liver and might play a protective role against cell damage by t-BHP-induced oxidative stress.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.335-342
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• 2003

This study was conducted to predict the carcass yield traits using ultrasound before slaughter and to enhance the prediction accuracy of carcass yield grade by applying various strategies. For this experiment, five hundred seventy three Hanwoo steers of 24 months of age were used. Difference between ultrasound result and carcass measure of BFT and LMA was 0.6$\pm$1.65mm and 0.7$\pm$5.56cm2, respectively. Correlation coefficient between ultrasound result and carcass measure of BFT and LMA was 0.86 and 0.82, respectively (p<0.001). Results for improving predictions of yield grade by four methods-the Korean yield grade index equation, fat depth alone, regression and decision tree methods were 80.3%, 81.3%, 80.1% and 81.8%, respectively. We conclude that the decision tree method can easily predict yield grade and is also useful for increasing prediction accuracy rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 1996

An experiment was carried out for 12 weeks to study the feeding behaviour, growth and carcass characteristics of cross-bred goats. Nine bucks with an average live weight of $18.02{\pm}0.9kg$ were allocated in a completely randomized block design arrangement, consisting of three feeding regimes and three blocks. The feeding regimes consisted of 100% natural grass (Treatment A), 100% gliricidia leaf (Treatment B) and 100% ficus leaf (Treatment C). Frequency of turning-over and sniffing the feed and duration and frequency of ruminating, defaecating, and urination of goats in treatment B were longer, while duration of masticating and jaw movement of chewing one bolus was shorter than those of goats in treatments C and A (p < 0.05). Furthermore, goats in treatment B gained more live weight, consumed more feed, consumed less water and was more efficient in utilizing the feed than goats in treatments C or A (p < 0.05). The dressing percentage, carcass length and carcass fat of goats in treatment B were higher and their bone percentages were lower than those in treatments C and A (p < 0.05). There is an indication that feeding gliricidia and ficus leaves during the dry season could not only increase the body weight and improve carcass quality of the goat but also save water for household needs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.322-329
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• 2012

Purpose: Aeroallergens are important causative factors of allergic diseases. Previous studies on aeroallergen sensitization rates investigated patients groups that had visited pediatric allergy clinics. In contrast, we investigated sensitization rates in a general population group of elementary school to teenage students in Incheon, Jeju, and Ulsan. Methods: After obtaining parental consent, skin-prick tests were performed on 5,094 students between March and June 2010. Elementary school students were tested for 18 common aeroallergens, whereas middle and high school students were tested for 25 allergens. The 25 allergens included Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, pollen (birch, alder, oak, Japanese cedar, pine, willow, elm, maple, Bermuda grass, timothy grass, rye grass, orchard grass, meadow grass, vernal grass, mugwort, Japanese hop, fat hen, ragweed, and plantain), and mold (Penicillatum, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Alternaria). Results: The sensitization rates in descending order were 25.79% (D. pteronyssinus ), 18.66% (D. farinae ), 6.20% (mugwort), and 4.07% (willow) in Incheon; 33.35% (D. pteronyssinus ), 24.78% (D. farinae), 15.36% (Japanese cedar), and 7.33% (Alternaria) in Jeju; and 32.79% (D. pteronyssinus), 30.27% (D. farinae), 10.13% (alder), and 8.68% (birch) in Ulsan. The dust mite allergen showed the highest sensitization rate among the 3 regions. The sensitization rate of tree pollen was the highest in Ulsan, whereas that of Alternaria was the highest in Jeju. The ragweed sensitization rates were 0.99% in Incheon, 1.07% in Jeju, and 0.81% in Ulsan. Conclusion: The differences in sensitization rates were because of different regional environmental conditions and distinct surrounding biological species. Hence, subsequent nationwide studies are required.