• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2019

Various commercial collagen mixtures aimed at improving the quality of meat products are available, but the optimal composition is unclear. This study aimed to compare the functional properties, including physicochemical characteristics and lipid oxidative stability, of loin ham marinated with three commercial collagen mixtures sold as food additives. The addition of collagen mixtures led to significant increases in the moisture content, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, and instrumental tenderness, regardless of the type of collagen mixture. In particular, meat samples containing collagen mixture C showed the highest (p<0.05) WHC and tenderness among all groups. Furthermore, collagen mixture B induced increases (p<0.05) in pH values in both raw and cooked samples. The $a^*$ values of samples with collagen mixtures were lower (p<0.05) than those of samples without collagen mixtures. All collagen mixtures effectively improved oxidative stability during 7 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The samples containing collagen mixture B had the lowest lipid oxidation (p<0.05) among groups. These results indicated that collagen mixture C could be used in injection brine to enhance the quality characteristics of meat products, particularly the WHC and tenderness. Collagen mixture A could be used for meat products with high fat contents based on its ability to improve lipid oxidative stability during long-term storage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether leptin is a metabolic signal for gonadotropin secretion in ewes. In the first experiment, twenty-eight cyclic Chal ewes were assigned randomly to an energy restricted, no leptin group (ERNL) (60% of maintenance; n = 14) and an energy normal, no leptin group (ENNL) (100% of maintenance; n = 14) for 71 days (6 estrous cycles). Estrus was synchronized with seven consecutive injections of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ Biweekly, body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) were determined and blood samples were collected to measure plasma leptin concentration. Blood samples were also taken to determine plasma progesterone concentration twice weekly. After each PG injection from the second injection to the end of experiment, four ewes were selected and blood samples were collected at 20 minutes and at hourly intervals for 3 h to detect plasma LH and FSH concentration. In the second experiment, after the ceasing of the estrous cycle caused by energy restriction, six acyclic ewes were selected and randomly allotted to two groups (n = 3) and received the following treatment for four days. Ewes in an energy restricted, leptin group (ERL) were fed with a ration which provided 60% of maintenance energy requirements and intravenously injected with $4{\mu}g$ leptin/kg BW daily. Ewes in an energy excess, no leptin group (EENL) were fed with a ration that provided 180% (120%+60%) of maintenance energy requirements and intravenously injected with 1 ml saline daily. In both groups, blood samples were collected at 20 minutes and at hourly intervals for 3 h before feeding on d 0 and d 5, and for 3 h before and after injections as above on d 2 and d 4 to detect plasma LH and FSH concentration. In the first experiment, BW and BCS from the $2^{nd}$ estrous cycle, and leptin from the $3^{rd}$ estrous cycle to the end of the experiment significantly (p<0.05) decreased. In ERNL ewes, mean plasma concentrations of FSH significantly (p<0.01) decreased from the $4^{th}$ estrous cycle to d 71 and LH pulsatile secretion was suppressed on d 71, so that, mean plasma concentrations of LH (p<0.05), LH pulse frequency (p<0.01) and LH pulse amplitude (p<0.05) significantly decreased. In the second experiment, injection of leptin significantly increased mean circulating concentrations of LH (p<0.05), LH pulse frequency (p<0.01), LH pulse amplitude (p<0.05) and mean circulating concentrations of FSH (p<0.01) and leptin (p<0.01). High energy intake significantly (p<0.05) stimulated pulsatile secretion of LH and leptin secretion (p<0.01), but non-significantly increased plasma FSH concentration. The results of this study indicate that leptin is a metabolic signal for the GnRH-LH/FSH axis in feed-restricted fat-tailed ewes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2005

The Transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap has been commonly used for autologous breast reconstruction. Despite these clinical usefulness, the TRAM flap is prone to partial flap or fat necrosis in especially pedicled flap. To improve flap survival, the surgical delay procedures and pharmacological treatments have been developed. In many studies for the pharmacological treatment, Lipo-$PGE_1$ has demonstrated a marked ability to improve flap survival and it's effect has been proved similar to surgical delay procedure. The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective route of Lipo-$PGE_1$ administration as a pharmacological treatment in TRAM flap of the rat. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-350 gm were divided into five groups, One week before flap elevation, Lipo-$PGE_1$($2{\mu}g/kg$) was injected three times in a week and than the left inferior epigastric vessel based TRAM flap ($5.0{\times}3.0cm$) elevated; group I: no procedure before flap elevation; group II: intraperitoneal injection; group III: intravenous injection; group IV: subcutaneous injection; group V: topical application. A flap was assessed at postoperative 7 days by comparison of flap survival rate, vessel counts(H-E stain), and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein expressed by Western blot. The results demonstrated that the mean percentages of the flap survival area in group III were significantly higher than that of any other group(p<0.05). The vessel counts of all experimental groups were statistically higher than that of control group(p<0.05). Only in group III, the VEGF protein expression was increased significantly than control group and there are no difference in other experimental groups. In conclusion, the intravenous administration of the Lipo-$PGE_1$ is the most effective on flap survival, and the VEGF induced by Lipo-$PGE_1$ has some positive effects on new vessel formation and flap survival.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 1979

쥐를 48시간 굶긴 뒤에 위에 탄수화물 농도가 높은 먹이를 주거나 streptozotocin을 이용하여 당뇨병을 가지게 만든 쥐에 인슈린 주사를 주었을 때 쥐 간계포의 핵단백질중 가장 주요한 0.14M NaCl에 녹는 핵단백질, histones 그리고 페놀에 녹는 핵단백질의 분포 변화를 조사하고자 SDS gel 전기영동법을 이용하였다. 각 핵단백질 분획을 전기영동법으로 분리시킨 단백질의 상대량을 비교하였을 때 0.14M NaCl 추출물은 현저한 변화를 나타내었으나 histones과 페놀로 추출된 핵단백질 분획들은 분리된 단백질 상대량에 큰 변화가 없었다. 48시간 굶긴 쥐와 정상적으로 먹이를 준 쥐의 0.14M MaCl 추출 핵단백질 분획을 비교하였을때 분자량이 50,000 과 180,000 daltons 사이에 있는 적어도 5개의 핵단백질의 농도가 다른 핵단백질에 비교하여 크게 감소되었다. 반면 분자량이 36,000 daltons 단백질의 농도는 48시간 굶긴 쥐에게 다시 탄수화물 농도가 높은 먹이를 주었을 때 24시간 동안에 정상적으로 먹이를 준 쥐에서 관찰한 핵단백질 분포 양상과 비슷한 결과를 얻었다. 당뇨병을 가진 쥐에게 인슈린 주사를 준 쥐와 인슈린주사를 주지 않은 당뇨병 쥐의 0.14M NaCl추출 핵단백질 분획을 비교 조사한 결과는 굶은 쥐에게 탄수화물 농도가 높은 먹이를 준 다음에 얻은 뒤의 결과와 정상적으로 유사하였다. 여기서 얻은 실험결과들은 0.14M NaCl 추출 핵단백질 중에 있는 어떤 핵단백질의 분포 변화가 이미 알려진 인슈린 신호에 따라 조정되고 cytosol에 있는 지방합성에 관하는 효소(lipogenic enzymes)들의 유도에 관련된 세포핵 활성 조절에 영향을 끼치고 있음을 시사해 준다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.243-250
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• 1996

실험용 쥐를 이용하여 항암 약제인 mitomycin-c를 피하 주사하여 인위적으로 혈관외 유출을 시켜 조직 괴사를 유발하였다. 조직 괴사를 예방하기 위하여 치료 시작시간에 따른 dimethyl sulfoxide의 국소 도포와 sodium thiosulfate의 진피내 주사의 치료 효과를 비교하고 조직학적 검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Mitomycin-C가 혈관외로 유출될 경우 dimethyl sulfoxide를 6시간 이내에 국소 도포하면 괴사를 예방할 수 있었고, 24시간 이내에 치료를 시작해도 괴사 면적에 유의한 감소를 가져올 수 있었다(p<0.01). 2. Sodium thiosulfate 진피내 주사를 할 경우에는 12시간 이내에는 괴사를 예방할 수 있었으나 24시간이 경과한 후에는 치료 효과가 없었다(p<0.01). 3. MMC에 의한 괴사는 비균성 응고성 괴사였으며, 염증 반응이나 육아 조직은 나타나지 않았으며, 국소 도포와 진피내 주사 방법에 따른 조직학적 변화를 제외한 차이는 없었다. 4. MMC의 혈관외 유출로 피부병변을 최소화 시킬 수 있는 방법은 DMSO와 STS의 즉시 병합치료가 좋은 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 추측된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2009

본 연구는 반추위 캐뉼라가 장착된 거세한우 16두 ($626.2\pm47.72$ kg)를 이용하여 한우 복강 및 피하지방 감소 항체를 생체 주사 처리 시 사료섭취량, 반추위 발효패턴 및 혈액 대사물질 등 영양생리대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 실시하였다. Choi 등(2008)에서 개발된 한우복강(AAb) 및 피하지방 감소 항체(SAb)을 피하 주사하였을 때, 주사 후 2주차에서 수치적으로 체중의 감소가 발생했으나, 무처리구 및 비면역항체처리구에서도 체중의 감소가 발생해 항체 주사에 의한 처리의 영향이라기 보다는 다른 요인(혈액채취 등)에 의한 스트레스에서 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. 항체 주사 처리 시 반추위 pH 패턴, 휘발성 지방산 및 암모니아 농도에는 유의적 변화(P > 0.05)가 나타나지 않았고, 그 수준 또한 일반적인 수준 범위에서 벗어나지 않았다. 혈액 대사물질의 변화에서는 항체 주사 처리 전 BUN 농도에서 무처리구 기준, AAb 처리구는 낮게, 반면에 SAb 처리구는 높게 나타났으나(P < 0.05), 오히려 항체 주사 처리 후에서 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다(P > 0.05). 혈액 내 glucose 농도 역시 항체 주사 처리 전 비면역혈청처리구에서만 유의적 차이를 보였고(P < 0.05), 항체 주사 처리 후에서는 처리구별 유의적 영향은 없었다. 혈액 내 중성지방의 농도는 항체 주사 처리에 의한 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 그 농도도 11.4~19.9 mg/$d{\ell}$로 일반적인 농후사료 위주의 사료 급여시 거세한우의 혈액 내 중성지방의 수준으로 판단되었다. 따라서, 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 본 연구에서 이용된 AAb 및 SAb는 in vivo 영양생리대사에 부정적 영향을 미치지 않는 안전한 항체로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2011

쇠비름 에탄올 추출물의 고지혈증 개선 효과를 알아보기 위하여 C57BL/6J mice에게 9주 동안 고지방식이를 섭취시켰다. 마지막 4주 동안은 고지방식이에 쇠비름 에탄올 저농도투여군(HFD+POE 75) 및 쇠비름 에탄올 고농도투여군(HFD+POE 125)으로 나누어 하루에 한 번씩 경구투여 하였으며 고지방식이군(HFD)은 증류수를 투여하였다. HFD+POE 75군 및 HFD+POE 125군의 체중변화량은 유의적인 차이를 나타나지는 않았으나 식이효율은 HFD군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈중 ALT 함량은 HFD군에 비해 HFD+POE 125군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으나 AST 함량은 그룹 간 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 실험식이 4주 때에 혈청 중 총콜레스테롤, 중성지질 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물 경구투여로 유의적으로 감소하였으나 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 심순환기 질환의 위험성을 나타내는 지표로 알려진 동맥경화지수와 심혈관위험지수는 고농도의 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물 경구투여로 HFD군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과 고지방식이에 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물 경구투여로 혈중 및 간장 중의 총콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지질이 저하되었는데 이는 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물이 고지혈증 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되나 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물의 어떤 성분에 의한 지질 저하효과를 나타내는지와 어떠한 기전에 의해 지질 저하효과를 나타내는지 보다 자세한 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.1658-1664
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 고지방식이와 streptozotocin으로 유도된 제2형 당뇨 마우스에서 새싹추출물의 항당뇨 효과를 살펴보았다. 제2형 당뇨 유도 후 4주 동안의 체중 변화를 관찰한 결과 새싹추출물군과 메트포민군에서 유의한 체중 감소 변화가 나타났으며, 식이섭취량에 따른 변화는 모든 실험군 간의 차이가 없었다. 공복혈당은 고지방식이군의 경우 실험종료일까지 지속적으로 상승하였고, 이와 대조적으로 새싹추출물과 메트포민군의 경우 실험 2주째부터 감소하여 실험 종료 4주째에서는 고지방식이군보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 경구 내당능 검사는 포도당 섭취 후 60분, 90분, 120분에서 새싹추출물과 메트포민군이 고지방식이군보다 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 인슐린 내성 검사는 120분에서 새싹추출물과 메트포민군이 고지방식이군보다 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 혈중 지질 농도 변화에서 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방 그리고 LDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 고지방식이군에 비해 새싹추출물과 메트포민군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, HDL 콜레스테롤 농도는 고지방식이군에 비해 새싹추출물과 메트포민군에서 증가하였다. 간독성의 지표인 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase와 glutamate pyruvate transaminase 효소 활성도는 메트포민투여군과 고지방식이군을 제외한 실험군들 간에 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 혈중 인슐린과 렙틴 농도는 고지방식이군에 비해 새싹추출물과 메트포민군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 새싹추출물은 제2형 당뇨 마우스에서 체중을 감소시키고 혈중지질 대사 이상을 조절하면서 인슐린 저항성을 감소시켜 혈당을 개선하므로 항당뇨 효과가 있는 우수한 식품 소재로서의 개발 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1600-1608
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• 2005

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of exogenous bovine somatotropin on water metabolism in relation to mammary function in early lactation of crossbred Holstein cattle. Ten, 87.5% crossbred Holstein cattle were divided into two groups of 5 animals each. At day 60 of lactation, the control group was given placebo while animals in the experimental group were given recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) by subcutaneous injection with 500 mg of rbST (14-days prolonged-release rbST). In rbSTtreated animals, milk yield increased 19.8%, which coincided with a significant increase in water intake (p<0.01), while DM daily intake was not different when compared to the control animals. Water turnover rate as absolute values significantly increased (p<0.05), while the biological half-life of water did not change in rbST-treated animals. Total body water (TBW) and total body water space (TOH) as absolute values significantly increased (p<0.01) in rbST-treated animals, while it was decreased in the control animals. Absolute values of empty body water (EBW) markedly increased (p<0.05), which was associated with an increase in the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume. Absolute values of plasma volume and blood volume were also significantly increased (p<0.05) in rbST-treated animals. The increase in mammary blood flow in rbST-treated animals was proportionally higher than an increase in milk production. The plasma IGF-1 concentration was significantly increased (p<0.01) in rbST-treated animals when compared with those of control animals during the treatment period. Milk fat concentration increased during rbST treatment, while the concentrations of both protein and lactose in milk were not affected. The present results indicate that rbST exerts its effect on an increase in both TBW and EBW. An increased ECF compartment in rbST-treated animals might partly result from the decrease in fat mass during early lactation. The action of rbST on mammary blood flow might not be mediated solely by the action of IGF-1 for increase in blood flow to mammary gland. An elevation of body fluid during rbST treatment in early lactation may be partly a result of an increase in mammary blood flow in distribution of milk precursors to the gland.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2004

4-Tert-Octylphenol (OP) is a surfactant additive widely used in the manufacture of a variety of detergents and plastic products. OP can disrupt endocrine function in humans and animals. This study was carried out to obtain toxicokinetic parameters of OP in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Male rats were administered with OP by single oral application of 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood, urine and tissues samples were taken at several time intervals after administration. Analysis of samples for OP was performed by column-switching high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, we exam-ined tissue distribution and accumulation of OP after single oral application of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, single intravenous injection of 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg or daily application of 50 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. After single oral administration of 200 mg/kg, Cmax of 213 $\pm$ 123 ng/ml was reached within the first 1.3 hr (Tmax) in the plasma. AUC was calculated for 1,333$\pm$484 ngㆍhr/ml. The final elimination half-life of plasma was longer than that of urine, but urinary clearance was lower than oral. A very small fraction of OP (Fe < 0.0017%) was excreted in urine within 24 hr. These results indicated that the major excretion route of OP was not urine. The mean maximal tissue distribution of OP was obserbed at 6 hr after treatment and slowly decreased time-dependently. High OP concentrations were detected in fat at 24 hr. The OP in fat was slowly released with longer elimination half-life and lower clearance than that of other tissues. OP was not accumulated in the liver following single oral application but 14-day oral treatments resulted in two-fold accumulation. It was probably due to the saturation of detoxification pathways. On the other hand, the mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 isoforms except CYP2C11 was not affected by OP at any dose. The expression of CYP2C11 mRNA decreased in a dose-dependent manner. This result suggests that OP changes expression of the male-specific cytochrome P450 isoforms in rat liver, and these changes are closely related to the toxic and estrogenic effect of OP.