• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among energy intakes, macronutrient intakes, macronutrient compositions, anthropometric and biochemical variables in natural environment of free-living female college students. The daily energy and macronutricnt intakes were analyzed by means of 3- week dictary records. The waist circumference and insulin level were best anthropometric and bio-chemical correlates with the energy, carbohydrate and protein intakes respectively. However, there were no relationships between waist circumference and insulin verse macronutrient compositions that macro-nutrient intakes were expressed as by the percentage of daily encrgy intakes. There were no relationships between BWI, weight, perccnt body fat and fat mass vs. energy and macronutrient intakes. However, BMI was positively related to the percentage of energy from fat and inversely related to the percentage of energy from carbohydrate in their habitual diet. Triglyceride was negatively correlated to the per-centage of energy from fat and fat intakes. Significant positive correlation was also observed bctween the percentage of energy from protein and HSL-cholcsterol.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.639-648
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• 2013

Metabolic syndrome is the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases So, it is judged that Quality of life of persons with metabolic syndrome inevitably deteriorate. For the purpose, the study aims to analyse the number of risk factors, and the relationship between abnormality of each risk factor and Quality of life, targeting adult women aged more than 19. For this study, data from the National Health and Nutrition Behavior Survey in 2007 and 2008 were incorporated and 4,365 subjects were collected for the study. Version 17.0 SPSS was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. As a result of the study, the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome was 24.2%. According to the number of risk factors of metabolic syndrome the regression coefficient of Quality of life was -0.024 when the number of risk factor was one, -0.048 when there were two risk factors, -0.090 when there were three risk factors, -0.117 when there were four risk factors, and -0.168 when there were five risk factors. The regression coefficient(abnormal/normal)of risk factors of metabolic syndrome were as follows; Waist circumference -0.035, Blood pressure was -0.064, Fasting glucose was -0,026 and HDL cholesterol was -0.012. In conclusion, as it was discovered that risk factors of metabolic syndrome had significant relations with Quality of life, it is suggested that the relations between some significant variables and Quality of life should be actively considered so that adult women can perceive metabolic syndrome properly and endeavor to improve their Quality of life.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.420-425
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• 2008

The storage of rice polishing (RP) with and without addition of antioxidant for sixteen weeks and its effect on rancidity and metabolizable energy values during the summer season was determined. Fifteen Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels of approximately uniform age and weight were procured and kept in metabolic cages under standard feeding and management practices. Five force feeding trials were conducted. In the first trial, fresh RP with 0 weeks of storage (diet 1 and 2) was used followed by four feeding trials with 4 (diet 3, 4), 8 (diet 5, 6), 12 (diet 7, 8), and 16 (diet 9, 10) weeks of storage of RP. The same birds were used in all trails. The birds were fasted for a period of 21 h, followed by force feeding of 20 g of RP with and without antioxidant for all storage periods. The control/fasting group was also maintained to measure endogenous fecal losses. Excreta were collected after 48 h for the determination of AME and TME values of RP. Along with the biological trials, laboratory assay of the RP stored with and without antioxidant was conducted to measure the extent of rancidity in terms of Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA). The TBA values were affected (p<0.05) by storage period and the values increased when the storage period increased from 4 to 16 weeks. However, the TBA values were significantly reduced (p<0.05) when RP was stored after addition of antioxidant when compared with the values obtained from RP stored without antioxidant (diet 3 vs. 4, 5 vs. 6, 7 vs. 8, and 9 vs. 10). The AME MJ/kg and TME MJ/kg values of RP were neither affected by increase in storage period nor addition of antioxidant. The findings of this study revealed that there was no effect of rancidity and storage time on the nutritive value, AME or TME of RP in poultry. However, TBA values were increased with the increase in storage period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1319-1326
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• 2007

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) is a key regulatory enzyme of gluconeogenesis that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to generate fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. Deficiency of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase is associated with fasting hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. The enzyme has been shown to occur in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. The bovine FBP1 gene was cloned and characterized in this study. The full length (1,241 bp) FBP1 mRNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 338 amino acids, a 63 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 131 bp 3' UTR. The bovine FBP1 gene was 89%, 85%, 82%, 82% and 74% identical to the orthologs of pig, human, mouse, rat and zebra fish at mRNA level, and 97%, 96%, 94%, 93% and 91% identical at the protein level, respectively. This gene was broadly expressed in cattle with the highest level in testis, and the lowest level in heart. An intronic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A/G) was identified in the $5^{th}$ intron of the bovine FBP1 gene. Genotyping of 133 animals from four beef breeds revealed that the average frequency for allele A (A-base) was 0.7897 (0.7069-0.9107), while 0.2103 (0.0893-0.2931) for allele B (G-base). Our preliminary association study indicated that this SNP is significantly associated with traits of Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and Carcass Length (CL) (p<0.01). In addition, the FBP1 gene was assigned on BTA8 by a hybrid radiation (RH) mapping method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1492-1500
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low calorie meal substitute and weight control preparation containing dietary fibers, ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitor and hydroxycitrate on the reduction of body weight and visceral fat in obese women. Sixteen pre-menoposal healthy women (age: 20∼50 y, body mass index >25) who were living in the Daejeon area participated in this study. We replaced one meal of the subject with low calorie meal substitute and fed the weight control preparation twice a day for 9 weeks. Anthropometric indices, body composition, dietary intake and stool movements were investigated every 3 weeks during the dietary intervention. The blood was collected before and after the dietary intervention. Results are as follows: 1) The subjects' body weight, body fat, BMI, waist, hip and abdominal adipose tissue decreased gradually and significantly between 3rd and 9th week after intervention. 2) The levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol, the indicators of liver dysfunction such as activities of ALT, AST and ALP, and bilirubin level were within a normal range and not affected significantly by dietary intervention. 3) Hemoglobin levels increased significantly and blood urea nitrogen level decreased. 4) Their stool movement was improved 5) Compared with the baseline values, calorie intake decreased by 17.5∼21.9% and the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B2, folate, Ca, Fe, and Zn were below 80% of Korean RDA. In conclusion, the intake of low calorie meal substitute and weight control preparation could be effective in reduction of body weight and fat mass, improving the stool movement and the general physical symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) supplementation on insulin resistance and the antioxidant defense system in chronic alcohol-fed rats. Rats were fed a Lieber-Decarli liquid diet containing 5% ethanol with or without two doses of scopoletin (0.01 and 0.05 g/L) for 8 weeks. Pair-fed rats received an isocaloric carbohydrate liquid diet. Chronic alcohol did not affect fasting serum glucose levels, although it induced glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia compared with the pair-fed group and led to insulin resistance. Both doses of scopoletin similarly improved glucose intolerance, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance. Scopoletin supplementation significantly activated phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase, which was inhibited by chronic alcohol. Two doses of scopoletin up-regulated hepatic mRNA expression and activity of glucokinase as well as down-regulated mRNA expression and activity of glucose-6-phosphatase compared with the alcohol control group. Both doses of scopoletin significantly reduced cytochrome P450 2E1 activity and elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity, resulting in a lower serum acetaldehyde level compared with the alcohol control group. Chronic alcohol suppressed hepatic mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase; however, they were reversed by scopoletin supplementation, which reduced hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide levels in the liver. These results indicate that dietary scopoletin attenuated chronic alcohol-induced insulin resistance and activated the antioxidant defense system through regulation of hepatic gene expression in glucose and antioxidant metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.396-404
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• 2007

Increased oxidative stress contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis. We measured serum antioxidant mineral concentrations, capacities of serum antioxidant enzymes and fasting lipid profile in 97 male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 21 male controls. Nutrient intake was assessed by the semi-quantitative food frequency method. CAD patients were divided into single-vessel disease (SVD, n=66) and multi-vessel disease (MVD, n = 31) groups on the coronary angiography. The ratio of serum LDL- to HDL-cholesterol elevated with an increasing number of diseased vessels compared to the control (control < SVD < MVD, p < 0.05). Patients with SVD and MVD had higher levels of serum lipoprotein (a) than the control (p < 0.05). The mean intake of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol was higher in MVD patients and the intakes of vitamins C and E were lower in MVD and SVD patients than in the control (p < 0.05). Serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels were higher in MVD and SVD patients than in the control (Cu: control $75.8{\pm}5.07$, SVD $99.2{\pm}2.90$, MVD $100.1{\pm}2.32{\mu}g/dL$, p<0.01; Zn: $76.8{\pm}5.36$, $119.0{\pm}5.95$, $129.1{\pm}2.70{\mu}g/dL$, p < 0.01). And the ratio of Zn to Cu was higher in SVD and MVD patients than in the control (control $0.78{\pm}0.06$, SVD $0.88{\pm}0.05$, MVD $0.99{\pm}0.04$, P < 0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was lower in MVD than in SVD and the control (control $35.13{\pm}1.34$, SVD $35.30{\pm}1.01$, MVD $31.00{\pm}1.04 U/mg$ protein, p < 0.05). The ratio of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to GSH-Px was higher in MVD than in control and SVD (p < 0.05). In groups with CAD, serum Cu and Zn concentrations and their ratio were changed compared to the control. GSH-Px activity was decreased and the ratio of SOD to GSH-Px was increased in the patients with MVD. The balances between the activities of SOD and GSH-Px should also be considered a risk factor in CAD patients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.440-448
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of 16-month milk consumption as a part of the health promotion community program for women in Asan. Subjects included 313 women belonging to the milk group (mean age = 69.1, range $47{\sim}89 y$) and 66 women to the control (mean age=43.6, range $20{\sim}69 y$) group. For those in the milk group, one cup (200 ml) of partially lactose-digested low-fat milk was provided everyday for 16 months. Each subject was interviewed to assess calcium intake by a 24-h recall after fasting blood was obtained for analyzing bone turnover markers, and calcaneus broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) was measured by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) on the left heel before and after the milk supplementation. After 16 months, the calcium intake levels changed from 55% of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) to 85% RDA in the milk group and from 73% RDA to 84% RDA in the control group. BUA were reduced from $67.9{\pm}8.1$ to $64.7{\pm}17.5$ dB/MHz for milk and from $90.4{\pm}13.0$ to $87.2{\pm}15.2$ dB/MHz for control groups. Paired t-test showed the changes of BUA for both groups (-3.24 and -3.15 dB/MHz for milk and control groups, respectively) were significant, but the two groups did not show any differences in absolute changes. When post-BUA was analyzed after age, initial BUA and menopausal status were controlled as covariates in ANCOVA model, the milk group showed significantly (p < 0.05) smaller changes than the control group (-3.50 vs -6.71 dB/MHz, respectively). According to a multiple regression analysis, milk consumption and initial BUA showed significant interaction meaning that those with lower initial BUA showed higher milk effects. We conclude that one-cup a day milk consumption for 16 month can prevent further bone loss and significantly improve calcium intake.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.744-750
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• 2012

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of 12 weeks-moderate aerobic exercise training on body composition, adiponectin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), and vascular inflammation factors in obese children. The subjects were classified into two groups, one of which was an exercise group (n=15) practicing moderate aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks, and the other group, the control group (n=13), was not in that program. The exercise group participants performed on the treadmill running at heart rate reserve (HRR) 50% of exercise intensity for 300 kcal of the consumed time. The results of all the studies and inspections are as follows: Weight, body mass index, body fat, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower, while $VO_2$ max was higher in the exercise group than in the control group (p<0.05, respectively). Fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels in the exercise group were significantly decreased (p<0.05), whereas adiponectin levels in the exercise group were significantly increased after 12 weeks' exercise training (p<0.05). In addition, our results showed that RBP4, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in the exercise group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). This investigation has shown that a 12 weeks-regular aerobic exercise program offers useful effects such as an amelioration of inflammation and body indices in obese children.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2015

Curcumin, a major polyphenolic compound of turmeric, is well known to prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) related to obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in obese mice. $CCl_4$ was administrated in mice fed a normal diet (ND) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks together with or without curcumin. It was conducted to examine for metabolic profiles, adipocyte size, and liver fibrosis by serum biochemistry, histology and immunohistochemistry. Also, Apoptosis of hepatic cells was determined by the TUNEL method. Treatment with curcumin significantly lowered the body weight, fasting glucose, serum AST and ALT, and decreased the adipocyte size, the number of macrophage and mast cells in adipose tissue, and collagen deposition in liver tissue in the HFD+$CCl_4$ group compared with the findings of the HFD+$CCl_4$ group. In contrast, treatment with curcumin on the ND+$CCl_4$ group did not show a significant difference except the body weight and mast cell number when compared with the ND+$CCl_4$ group. Furthermore, curcumin significantly reduced the number of parenchymal apoptotic cells, whereas it increased the number of non-parenchymal apoptotic cells, especially resembling an activated hepatic stellate cell in the liver. Taken together, this data suggests that curcumin might be an effective antifibrotic drug for the prevention of liver disease progression in obese mice. Thus, the development of curcumin as a therapy for obesity and liver fibrosis is supported.