• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 1997년도 한국감성과학회 연차학술대회논문집
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• pp.75-79
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• 1997

The present study was designed to investigate whether there is a consistint changes in the signals from the central and autonomic nervous systim due to olfactory stimulation. The olfactory stimuli were 0.6% orange and 2.5% valeric acid and the stimuli through the olfactory stimulator soth controlled consistint flow, controlled concentration, and saturated with vapour to prevent drying the nasal mucosa. A room air blunk served as the control stimulus, EEG was recorede from 4channels according to the international 10-20 systim. Additionally, ECG, EOG, heart rate, skin conductance and resputation were recorded comtinuously. The fast Fourier transform analysis of EEG waves was analysed with the power spectra. Averaged power spectra were computed for the following frequency bands ; delta(0-4.5Hz), theta (4.5-7Hz), alphal(7-9.5Hz), alpha2 (9.5-12.5Hz) and beta(12.5-30Hz). Withthe results of the subjective sensibility test for the ordor, the orange was related to pleasant and familiar and the valeric acid was realted to snpleasant and bothersome. There is the difference between orange and valeric acid in alphal at PG2-A2 channel. While the unpleasant stimuli seem to be increased in alphal, alpha2 and beta waves at all channels. Also, the heart rate, galvaric skin resistance seem to be decreased by pleasant stimuli and thd unpleasant stimuli shdwed the opposite. In respiration, respiration rate had been declinig tendency, and input/output ampoitued and duration showed an upward trend by olfactory stimulation with orange, while opposite by valeric acid. In conclusion, the consistent EEG changes and the autonomic responses suggests the possibilities of the subjective signal of human sensibility.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2012

일반적인 파고 측정 시스템은 스펙트럼 분석을 통하여 파고를 측정한다. 하지만 스펙트럼 분석은 fast fourier transform(FFT)을 이용하기 때문에 구조가 복잡하며, 또한 FFT를 사용하기 위해서는 먼저 데이터를 저장해야 하기 때문에 실시간 처리가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 칼만필터와 관성센서를 사용하여 실시간으로 데이터를 처리하는 알고리즘을 개발하고 성능을 평가하였다. 칼만필터 이론은 비교적 복잡한 알고리즘이지만 FFT를 사용하는 것에 비하여 간단하며, 가속도 데이터를 적분하여 위치를 효율적으로 추정할 수 있다. 하지만 가속도 데이터를 적분할 때 오차의 누적이 발생되는데, 파고의 특징을 이용한 알고리즘을 개발하여 누적오차 문제를 해결하였다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 조건의 해파를 모델링하여 성능평가를 수행하였으며, 실험을 통하여 풍랑측정에 한해서 평균 오차율 3.5%로 우수한 측정 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.571-575
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 초음파 조사법을 사용하여 cadmium telluride (CdTe) 양자점을 합성하였다. 전구체의 비율과 합성 시간을 주 변수로 하여 그에 따른 CdTe 양자점의 광학적 특성과 구조적 특성을 분석하였다. 모든 cadmium (Cd)과 tellurium(Te) 함량비율의 실험에서 합성 시간이 증가함에 따라 CdTe 양자점의 성장에 의해 밴드갭 감소현상이 관찰되었고, 발광 특성을 확인한 결과 510~610 nm 파장 범위에서 장파장으로 이동함을 보였다. 또한 Te의 비율이 증가함에 따라 장파장이동이 빠르게 일어나는 것을 확인하였다. Photoluminescence (PL) 피크 강도를 확인하였을 때 합성시간이 180 min~240 min 사이에서 가장 높은 강도를 보였다. X-ray diffraction (XRD)와 transmission electron microscopy (TEM)으로 구조적 특성을 확인한 결과 zinc blend 구조의 CdTe 양자점을 나타내었으며, 합성시간이 210 min일 때 양자점의 크기는 약 2.5 nm로 균일하게 분산되어 있었으며 fast fourier transform (FFT) 이미지를 확인한 결과 뚜렷한 결정성을 확인하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권2A호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2010

다중 표준을 지원하는 OFDM 기반 통신 시스템용 가변길이 FFT/IFFT 프로세서 (VL_FCore)를 설계하였다. VL_FCore는 $N=64{\times}2^k\;(0{\leq}k{\leq}7)$의 8가지 길이의 FFT/IFFT를 선택적으로 연산할 수 있으며, in-place 방식의 단일 메모리 구조를 기반으로 FFT 길이에 따라 radix-4와 radix-2 DIF 알고리듬의 혼합구조가 적용된다. 중간 결과 값의 크기에 따른 2단계 조건적 스케일링 기법을 적용하여 메모리 크기 감소와 연산 정밀도 향상을 이루었다. 설계된 VL_FCore의 성능을 평가한 결과, 64점~8,192점 FFT 연산에 대해 평균 60 dB 이상의 SQNR 성능을 가지며, $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS 셀 라이브러리로 합성하여 23,000 게이트와 32 Kbytes의 메모리로 구현되었다. VL_FCore는 75-MHz@3.3-V의 클록으로 동작하며, 64점 FFT 연산에 $2.25-{\mu}s$, 8,192점 FFT 연산에 $762.7-{\mu}s$가 소요되어 다양한 OFDM 통신 시스템의 요구조건을 만족한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1115-1124
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• 1988

A two-dimensional systolic array for fast Fourier transform, which has a regular and recursive VLSI architecture is presented. The array is constructed with identical processing elements (PE) in mesh type, and due to its modularity, it can be expanded to an arbitrary size. A processing element consists of two data routing units, a butterfly arithmetic unit and a simple control unit. The array computes FFT through three procedures` I/O pipelining, data shuffling and butterfly arithmetic. By utilizing parallelism, pipelining and local communication geometry during data movement, the two-dimensional systolic array eliminates global and irregular commutation problems, which have been a limiting factor in VLSI implementation of FFT processor. The systolic array executes a half butterfly arithmetic based on a distributed arithmetic that can carry out multiplication with only adders. Also, the systolic array provides 100% PE activity, i.e., none of the PEs are idle at any time. A chip for half butterfly arithmetic, which consists of two BLC adders and registers, has been fabricated using a 3-um single metal P-well CMOS technology. With the half butterfly arithmetic execution time of about 500 ns which has been obtained b critical path delay simulation, totla FFT execution time for 1024 points is estimated about 16.6 us at clock frequency of 20MHz. A one-PE chip expnsible to anly size of array is being fabricated using a 2-um, double metal, P-well CMOS process. The chip was layouted using standard cell library and macrocell of BLC adder with the aid of auto-routing software. It consists of around 6000 transistors and 68 I/O pads on 3.4x2.8mm\ulcornerarea. A built-i self-testing circuit, BILBO (Built-In Logic Block Observation), was employed at the expense of 3% hardware overhead.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 1990

본 논문에서는 레딕스(radix)-2 FFT 알고리듬에 이용하였던 완전 셔플(shuffle)을 확장하여 새로이 얻은 이중 와전 셔플을 적용하여 레딕스-4 FFT 프로세서를 설계하였다. 이 FFT 프로세서는 버터플라이 연산 회로, 입, 출력값과 계수의 번지 발생기, 입, 출력값을 일시 저장하는 레지스터와 제어회로로 구성된다. 또한 입, 출력값과 계수를 저장하기 위해 외부 RAM과 ROM을 필요로 한다. 버터플라이 회로는 12개의 곱셈기와 덧셈기, 뺄셈기, 딜레이 시프트 레지스터(delay shift register)로 되어 있다. 25MHz two phase 클럭으로 동작하는 이 프로세서는 256-절 FFT를 6168 클럭, 즉 247 us 에 계산을 하며 또한, 사용자가 4, 16, 64, 256- 점까지 임의의 점을 선택할 수 있는 유연성을 갖는다. 그리고 2-um 이중 메탈 CMOS 공정을 이용하여 28000 여개의 트랜지스터와 55개의 패트를 $8.0{\times}8.2mm^2$면적에 설계할 수 있었다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

This paper describes a method of detecting formation boundaries, and permeable fractures, from frequency-domain Stoneley wave logs. Field data sets were collected between the depths of 330 and 360 m in well EE-4 in the Higashi-Hachimantai geothermal field, using a monopole acoustic logging tool with a source central frequency of 15 kHz. Stoneley wave amplitude spectra were calculated by performing a fast Fourier transform on the waveforms, and the spectra were then collected into a frequency-depth distribution of Stoneley wave amplitudes. The frequency-domain Stoneley wave log shows four main characteristic peaks at frequencies 6.5, 8.8, 12, and 13.3 kHz. The magnitudes of the Stoneley wave at these four frequencies are affected by formation properties. The Stoneley wave at higher frequencies (12 and 13.3 kHz) has higher amplitudes in hard formations than in soft formations, while the wave at lower frequencies (6.5 and 8.8 kHz) has higher amplitudes in soft formations than in hard formations. The correlation of the frequency-domain Stoneley wave log with the logs of lithology, degree of welding, and P-wave velocity is excellent, with all of them showing similar discontinuities at the depths of formation boundaries. It is obvious from these facts that the frequency-domain Stoneley wave log provides useful clues for detecting formation boundaries. The frequency-domain Stoneley wave logs are also applicable to the detection of a single permeable fracture. The procedure uses the Stoneley wave spectral amplitude logs at the four frequencies, and weighting functions. The optimally weighted sum of the four Stoneley wave spectral amplitudes becomes almost constant at all depths, except at the depth of a permeable fracture. The assumptions that underlie this procedure are that the energy of the Stoneley wave is conserved in continuous media, but that attenuation of the Stoneley wave may occur at a permeable fracture. This attenuation may take place at anyone of the four characteristic Stoneley wave frequencies. We think our multispectral approach is the only reliable method for the detection of permeable fractures.

• 물과 미래
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.183-191
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• 1995

하천의 홍수유속을 측정하기 위하여, 전자파를 이용한 물 표면 유속 측정체계를 개발하였다. 현재의 개발단계는 실험용 유속측정체계 수준이다. 전자파 표면유속계는 초고주파(micro-wave) 전자파의 도플러 효과를 이용한다. 이는 전자파의 발진과 안테나를 통한 반사파 수신, 차주파수 신호의 추출로 이루어지는 RF부분과, 차주파수 신호의 A/D변환 및 고속 후리에 변환 등으로 이루어지는 신호처리부로 구성된다. 구성된 유속측정 체계로 교량 아래 유속, 대청 조정지댐 방수로 등에서 측정 실험하였고 선박해양공학 연구센터의 선박 실험용 선형수조에서 검증 실험을 수행하였다. 검증결과 A/D 변환기 제작오류에서 발생된 4% 오차 이외에 측정환경의 문제에서 비롯된 몇 %의 오차가 혼재되어 있음이 분석되었다. 그러나 0.5~3.5 m/s 유속을 측정한 결과, 기준속도와 측정속도간 선형성이 우수하고 홍수 유속 측정에 매우 유용한 장비임이 입증되었다. 향후 소형화, 경량화를 수행하고 바람, 물 표면의 불규칙 유동에 의한 영향을 분석하여 신호처리 방안을 마련하는 재제작 (re-engineering) 과정이 요구된다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

Outdoor mobile robots are faced with various terrain types having different characteristics. To run safely and carry out the mission, mobile robot should recognize terrain types, physical and geometric characteristics and so on. It is essential to control appropriate motion for each terrain characteristics. One way to determine the terrain types is to use non-contact sensor data such as vision and laser sensor. Another way is to use contact sensor data such as slope of body, vibration and current of motor that are reaction data from the ground to the tire. In this paper, we presented experimental results on terrain classification using contact sensor data. We made a mobile robot for collecting contact sensor data and collected data from four terrains we chose for experimental terrains. Through analysis of the collecting data, we suggested a new method of terrain feature extraction considering physical characteristics and confirmed that the proposed method can classify the four terrains that we chose for experimental terrains. We can also be confirmed that terrain feature extraction method using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) typically used in previous studies and the proposed method have similar classification performance through back propagation learning algorithm. However, both methods differ in the amount of data including terrain feature information. So we defined an index determined by the amount of terrain feature information and classification error rate. And the index can evaluate classification efficiency. We compared the results of each method through the index. The comparison showed that our method is more efficient than the existing method.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2014

The current research was focused on the extracellular biosynthesis of bactericidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using cell-free supernatant of a local isolate previously identified as a novel Streptomyces aegyptia NEAE 102. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Streptomyces aegyptia NEAE 102 was quite fast and required far less time than previously published strains. The produced particles showed a single surface plasmon resonance peak at 400 nm by UV-Vis spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of AgNPs. Response surface methodology was chosen to evaluate the effects of four process variables ($AgNO_3$ concentration, incubation period, pH levels, and inoculum size) on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Streptomyces aegyptia NEAE 102. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the linear and quadratic effects of incubation period, initial pH, and inoculum size had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Streptomyces aegyptia NEAE 102. The maximum silver nanoparticles biosynthesis (2.5 OD, at 400 nm ) was achieved in runs number 5 and 14 under the conditions of 1 mM $AgNO_3$ (1-1.5% (v/v)), incubation period (72-96 h), initial pH (9-10), and inoculum size (2-4% (v/v)). An overall 4-fold increase in AgNPs biosynthesis was obtained as compared with that of unoptimized conditions. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, in addition to antimicrobial properties. The biosynthesized AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of medically important pathogenic gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast (Candida albicans).