• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of walking on high heels on the behavior of fascicle length and activation of the lower limb muscles. Methods: Twelve healthy inexperienced high heel wearers (age: $23.1{\pm}2.0yr$, height: $162.4{\pm}4.9cm$, weight: $54.4{\pm}8.5kg$) participated in this study. They walked in high heels (7 cm) and barefoot on a treadmill at their preferred speed. During the gait analysis, the lower limb joint kinematics were obtained using a motion analysis system. In addition, the changes in fascicle length and the level of activation of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) were simultaneously monitored using a real-time ultrasound imaging technique and surface electromyography, respectively. Results: The results of this study show that the MG fascicle operates at a significantly shorter length in high heel walking ($37.64{\pm}8.59mm$ to $43.99{\pm}8.66mm$) in comparison with barefoot walking ($48.26{\pm}9.02mm$ to $53.99{\pm}8.54mm$) (p < .05). In addition, the MG fascicle underwent lengthening during high heel walking with relatively low muscle activation while it remained isometric during barefoot walking with relatively high muscle activation. Conclusion: Wearing high heels alters the operating range of the MG fascicle length and the pattern of muscle activation, suggesting that prolonged wearing of high heels might induce structural alterations of the MG that, in turn, hinder normal functioning of the MG muscle during walking.

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한관절경학회 제21차 추계 학술대회
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• pp.66-66
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• 2009

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate difference in fascicle behavior of the medial gastrocnemius during the locomotion with varying intensities, such as gait and one-legged and two-legged vertical jumping. Methods : Six subjects (3 males and 3 females; age: $27.2{\pm}1.6yrs.$, body mass: $62.8{\pm}9.8kg$, height: $169.6{\pm}8.5cm$) performed normal gait (G) at preferred speed and maximum vertical jumping with one (OJ) and two (TJ) legs. While subjects were performing the given tasks, the hip, knee and ankle joint motion and ground reaction force was monitored using a 8-infrared camera motion analysis system with two forceplates. Simultaneously, electromyography of the triceps surae muscles, and the fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius were recorded using a real-time ultrasound imaging machine. Results : Comparing to gait, the kinematic and kinetic parameters of TJ and OJ were found to be significantly different. Along with those parameters, change in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle-tendon complex (MTC) length ($50.57{\pm}6.20mm$ for TJ and $44.14{\pm}5.39mm$ for OJ) and changes in the fascicle length of the MG ($18.97{\pm}3.58mm$ for TJ and $20.31{\pm}4.59mm$ for OJ) were observed. Although the total excursion of the MTC and the MG fascicle length during the two types of jump were not significantly different, however the pattern of length changes were found to be different. For TJ, the fascicle length maintained isometric longer during the propulsive phase than OJ. Conclusion : One-legged and two-legged vertical jumping use different muscle-tendon interaction strategies.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare muscle structure, balance, and gait parameters between healthy adults and persons with stroke and to analyze the correlation among these variables. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty persons with stroke (11 male, 9 female) and twenty healthy participants (9 male, 11 female) were included. Ultrasound images of the triceps surae and the tibialis anterior were acquired in sitting resting, sitting co-contraction, and standing resting positions and also during the functional reach test (FRT) and single leg anterior reaching test (SLART). Muscle thickness and fascicle length were measured. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured using a pressure walkway. Gait speed, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, and swing time were measured. Results: Changes in percent fascicle length were significantly greater in the gastrocnemius and soleus (SOL) muscles of healthy adults in the sitting co-contraction position (p<0.05). The percent fascicle length of the SOL in FRT and SLART were significantly greater in healthy adults (p<0.05). The mid-stance phase of stroke patients was shorter than healthy adults (p<0.05). A negative correlation was observed between percent fascicle length of the SOL in the sitting co-contraction position and the proportion of the mid-stance phase (p<0.05). Conclusions: The function of the triceps surae is affected in persons with stroke when compared with healthy adults. This can lead to difficulty in performing tasks that involve forward transfer of weight. If the triceps surae is not sufficiently secured, the possibility of compensation in the stance phase increases during gait.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1983

The activity and distribution of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6. 1. 1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in adult Fascicle hepatica have been studied. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of GOT and GPT was measured by the method of Reitman and Frankel. Isozyme patterns of those enzyme were also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase was about 0.55 unit and 0.92 unit per 1g of Fascicle hepatica, respectively. 2. The activity of those enzymes was relatively low compared with those in mammalian tissues. 3. The distribution of aspartate aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 71% of the activity was in cytosolic, 24% in mitochondrial and 5% was in nuclear fraction. 4. About 22% of the total alanine aminotransferase activity was found in the mitochondrial fratstion, about 66% in the cytosolic fraction. 5. Aspartate aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction was separated into two types of isozymes, whereas alanine aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction gave only one active peak on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2006년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.33 No.2 (C)
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• pp.134-138
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• 2006

실제 데이터들은 압축이 필요할 정도로 큰 경우가 종종 있다. 일반적인 구조론적 데이터 압축 방법은 테이블을 긴 바이트 스트링으로 취급하여 바이트 레벨에서 압축을 시도한다. 이런 경우에 보통 압축의 효율과 검색의 용이성(특정 레코드의 애프리뷰트 값을 찾아내기 위해 압축을 풀어야 하는 부분의 크기)사이에 교환관계가 발생한다. 이런 점에서 검색을 위해 압축을 풀 필요가 없는 의미론적 압축 방법이 주목을 받고 있다. 이 논문에서는 기존의 파시클(fascicle) 알고리즘을 개선하는 새로운 의미론적 알고리즘을 제시하고 실험을 통하여 제안된 알고리즘의 우수성을 입증한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to analyze ultrasonography on both sides of gastrocnemius medialis of stroke patient. Methods: In fourteen subjects with stroke, the gastrocnemius medialis(GM) muscle were scanned with ultrasonography at the muscle belly at rest at ankle angles of 0 degree (neutral position) and it were measured with ultrasonography on both sides of the leg. Muscle architecture (thickness, pennation angle, fascicle length, density, white area index) was examined using real-time B-mode ultrasonography with 7.5MHz linear-array prob. Results: Thickness of non-paratic side was significantly thicker than paratic side. Pennation angle of non-paratic side was significantly larger than paratic side. Fascicle length of non-para tic side was significantly smaller than paratic side. Density of non-paratic side was significantly smaller than paratic side. White area index of non-paranc side was significantly smaller than paratic side. Conclusion: This study showed that stroke have influenced on mechanical properties and quality properties of skeletal muscle architecture.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5867-5874
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자에서 주관절 각도 변화에 따른 상완이두근(biceps brachii)의 근구조 및 탄성 변화에 관하여 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 주관절 수동 ROM범위가 $10^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$ 가능하며 MAS(modified Ashworth scale) 1~3등급인 뇌졸중 환자 12명을 대상으로 하였다. 이완(resting) 상태의 건측과 환측 상완이두근의 우모각, 근섬유속길이, 근탄성의 측정은 초음파 영상 촬영장치와 근긴장도 측정기(myotonometer)를 이용하여 주관절을 $10^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$로 변화시키면서 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과, 환측 상완이두근을 건측과 비교 시 우모각은 신전위치($<40^{\circ}$)에서 큰 값을 나타냈으며(p<.05), 근섬유속길이는 굴곡위치($>20^{\circ}$)에서 짧은 길이를 나타냈으며(p<.05), 근긴장은 신전위치($<50^{\circ}$)에서 전위 값이 낮게 나타나 근긴장이 높아짐을 나타냈다(p<.05). 이렇듯 이완 시 상완이두근의 근구조 및 탄성은 주관절 각도에 의해 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 결과를 뇌졸중 환자의 근구조 변화 및 임상치료의 연구 자료로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

Purpose : The parameters used in architectural analysis are muscle thickness, fascicle length, pennation angle, etc. Pennation angle is an important muscle characteristic that plays a significant role in determining a fascicle's force contribution to movement. Ultrasonography has been widely used to obtain the image for measurement of a pennation angle since it is non-invasive and real-time. However, manual assessment in ultrasonographic images is time-consuming and subjective, making it difficult for using in muscle function analysis. Thus, in this study, I proposed an automatic method to extract the pennation angle from the ultrasonographic images of gastrocnemius muscle. Method : The ultrasonographic image obtained from 10 healthy participants's gastrocnemius muscle using for developed automatic measuring program. Automatic measuring program algorithm consists with preprocessing, line detection, line classification, and angle calculation. The resulting image was then used to detect the fascicles and aponeuroses for calculating the pennation angle with the consideration of their distribution in ultrasonographic image. Result : The proposed automatic measurement program showed the stable repeatability of pennation angle calculation. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the proposed method was able to automatically measure the pennation angle of gastrocnemius, which made it possible to easily and reliably investigate pennation angle more.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional training using a sliding rehabilitation machine (SRM) on the mobility of the ankle joint and balance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: The subjects consisted of 11 children who were diagnosed with spastic CP. They carried out the functional training using the SRM for 30 minutes, three times a week, for 8 weeks. Before and after all of the training sessions, the subjects were tested using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM), range of motion (ROM) in the ankle joint, the pennation angle of the gastrocnemius muscle and the fascicle length of gastrocnemius muscle were measured to determine the mobility of the ankle joint and balance ability. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in the PBS and GMFM. The ROM of the ankle joint was significantly increased after the functional training using the SRM. Moreover, the fascicle length was increased and the pennation angle was decreased after the functional training using the SRM, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that functional training using the SRM may have some effect on the mobility of ankle joint and balance in children with CP. According to the results, this study could present an approach to the rehabilitation or treatment of children with CP.