• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

This study analyzes the management performance of environmentally-friendly rice farms using GCM method based on the multifaceted approach. This approach compares the management performance of GCM farms before and after the introduction of GCM, as well as the performance of GCM farms with the performance of conventional farms. It also compares the technical and managerial competence level of surveyed GCM farms with that of conventional farms based on the standard diagnosis table developed by Rural Development Adminstration. Results showed that average income has increased after the introduction of the GCM method and the average income of GCM farms was higher than that of conventional farms, while the level of rice production in farms using GCM method was lower than that of conventional farms. In addition, the technical and managerial competence score of surveyed farms using GCM method was higher than that of conventional farms. These results implies that the higher management performance of GCM farms compared to the conventional farms is attributed to not only the GCM method but also the competence level of farms using GCM method.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.285-300
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• 1998

1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms' grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmer didn't do CMT Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farms(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72%) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28a ). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands.73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32%) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2014

Reviewing the capacity and timing of Southwest sea offshore wind farms, additional farms developing, and potential farms, we devised the long-term plan of domestic offshore wind farms development. In order to rank many wind farms, we determined evaluation indicators and weights of priority. We applied economic and preliminary factors such as wind grade, depth of water, distance from substations, farms scale, MOU signed, and feasibility studies. After deciding the ranking of wind farms by the scores, we planed domestic long-term scenarios of offshore wind farms development to meet national energy policy objectives.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 1999

A total of 420 chicken sera from various regions were tested for the presence of antibodies to avian rotavirus using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). In broiler farms, rotavirus antibodies were detected from 20 farms among 30 farms tested and the positive rates were above 50% in 9 farms. In parent stock farms, rotavirus antibodies were detected from 5 farms among 14 farms tested. From sera collected in 7 layer farms rotavirus antibodies were not detected.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2009

The aquaculture management considers the maintenance of households lifehood more than profit maximization. As aquaculture industry has developed enterprise farms appeared, and the small and the large scale farms coexist. The features of coexistence could be summarized as followings. First of all, the large scale farms show the higher net profit while the small scale farms show the higher profit per 1ha and the earning rate. Secondly, in the case of over 2ha, the earning rate is stable in spite of the scale expansion. Moreover, in processing method, dried seaweed occupy the biggest proportion in the small scale farms while the raw seaweed occupy the biggest proportion in the large scale farms. Lastly, the scale of farms becomes larger, the participation rate of household labor rises. This thesis analyses the efficiency of Korean seaweed farms in the way of DEA model and suggests the improvements for the efficiency management. The mean technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies were measured to be 0.88, 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. Among the 20 farms included in the analysis, 10 were technically efficient and 12 were scale efficient. In conclusion, it is shown that the aquaculture farms has been becoming the form of coexistence. This appearance results in the effort for reducing the cost in the small scale farms and in profit maximization in the large scale farms. On the other hand, middle scale farms is inefficient compared with the small or large scale farms. Therefore, in order to achieve the efficiency, it is necessary to accomplish economy of scale by extending farm size or to cut expenses by reducing farm area. In other word, the efforts for achieving the efficiency is required in a different direction in spite of the same scale.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.395-404
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• 2019

This paper investigated the changes in Hanwoo breeding farms and herds according to their farm size and farm types based on traceability data in the Hanwoo industry. The major results are summarized as follows. First, the notion that small sized farms are breeding farms and middle or large sized farms are fattening farms is wrong. The results show that middle or large farms are not only fattening cattle but also breeding female cattle. Based on cattle data for over 6 months and under the criteria of a female cow ratio of 10 and 90% using the 2/4 quarter of 2018, the results show that the ratio of fattening only farms is 5.7%, that of breeding only farms is 59.0%, and that of fattening and breeding farms is 36.1%. The ratios of fattening, breeding, and both are 13.3, 13.5, and 73.2%, respectively, for a farm size with over 100 cattle. Second, this study found that the ratio of breeding farms over total farms has been increasing continuously over the last 5 years. This trend is apparent in the middle or large sized farms. However, the birth rate of cows is relatively lower in the middle and large sized farms than in the small sized farms. Hence, we can infer that the demand for a detection system for standing estrus in female cattle will increase. Additionally, the government should prepare relevant policies to stabilize the managerial conditions of middle or large sized farms.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of the fig farms based on the survey data. The survey of 12 farms was conducted during the period from August to September. The result shows that the productivities of land and the productivities of labor of the developed nutriculture farms are higher than those from traditional conventional culture farms and nutriculture farms. Incomes of the developed nutriculture farms are also higher.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.517-521
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• 2007

Questionnaire on utilization of colostrum was carried out in 33 farms. Highest milking cow numbers were 20-40 heads in 45.5% of the farms. Calf numbers were 20-40 heads in 39.4% of the dairy farms and 40-60 heads in 42.4% of the farms. The amount of colostrum production per day was 20-30 kg in 30.3% of the farms and 30-40 kg in 30.3% of the farms. Colostrum intake per calf per day was 4 kg in 45.5% farms. Surplus colostrum after intake by calf was farms (85%) was wasted in 67% of the farms. More than 90% of dairy farms recognize an necessity to use surplus colostrum. Selling price of surplus colostrum was below 1,000 won per kg at 15 dairy farms and 1,000-2,000 won per kg at 4 dairy farms. Colostrum collection and use should be done by the dairy farms of antibiotics free. Quality control of colostrum should be done by testing antibiotics, microbacterium, chemical composition, somatic cells and etc. The colostrum is subjected to cool down below $4^{\circ}C$ just after milking and process for the colostrum products.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

Prevalence of major legal communicable diseases in chickens and ducks, which had occurred in Jeonbuk province from year 2004 to 2008. Total 283 farms 1,419,244 chickens and ducks have been affected by avian diseases. Specifically, fowl typhoid (FT) occurred in 92 farms 416,600 chickens, Marek's disease (MD) in 45 farms 145,563, duck virus hepatitis (DVH) in 31 farms 199,200, infectious bursal disease (IBD) in 27 farms 113,220, infectious bronchitis (IB) in 27 farms 280,300, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) in 26 farms 78,495, avian mycoplasmosis in 16 farms 103,774, Newcastle disease (ND) occurred in 11 farms 61,052, avian encephalomyelitis (AE) in 7 farms 21,000, Pullorum disease (PD) occurred in 1 farm 40. According to total analysis about major legal communicable diseases, 1 species of first-class legal communicable diseases have occurred, 3 species of second-class and 6 species of third-class all adding up to 10 species. In the first-class diseases, Newcastle disease have occurred. Pullorum and fowl typhoid, duck virus hepatitis in the second-class have occurred and as third-class diseases, Marek's disease, Infectious bursal disease, Infectious bronchitis, avian mycoplasmosis, avian encephalomyelitis, low pathogenic avian influenza have occurred.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

The purpose of this survey was to collect basic data on breeding systems of animal welfare-approved laying hen farms in Korea. Questionnaires were mailed to 64 animal welfare-approved farms, and 20 questionnaires (31.3%) were returned. The housing systems were fabric coverlet (4 farms, representing 20%), naturally farmed (Yamagisi, 7 farms, 35%), and steel panel-framed housing (9 farms, 45%). The 20 farms had stocking densities of $2{\sim}3birds/m^2$ (2 farms; 10%), $4{\sim}5birds/m^2$ (10 farms; 50%), and $6{\sim}7birds/m^2$ (8 farms; 40%). Breeding methods were floor-housed (14 farms; 70%), free-range (3 farms; 15%), and floor plus free-range (3 farms; 15%). Stocking density was $4{\sim}6birds/m^2$ at most of the farms with fabric coverlet and naturally farmed housing and $6{\sim}7birds/m^2$ at seven farms (of 9 farms) with a steel panel-framed housing. The daily feed intake of 11 farms (55%) was between 120 and 130 g, which included 3 farms (15%) with fabric coverlet, 3 farms (15%) with naturally farmed housing, and 5 farms (25%) with steel panel-framed housing. The age of peak production was 24~28 weeks overall 20 farms. Over 80% of production on fabric coverlet, naturally farmed, and steel panel-framed house farms was on 3, 4 and 6 farms, respectively. Respiratory disease on the 20 farms represented 55% of total disease incidence, and of each housing type represented 75% (fabric coverlet), 70% (naturally farmed) and 33% (steel panel-framed). E. coli disease was only found in the steel panel-framed housing. Most of the animal welfare-approved eggs were sold at large markets or a real sale markets. Egg price was 200~250 won per egg. These results indicate the current situation of animal welfare-approved farms and could be caused that windowless poultry house was applied to animal welfare approved farms.