• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2022

Up-to-date statistics of crop cultivation status is essential for farm land management planning and the advancement in remote sensing technology allows for rapid update of farming information. The objective of this study was to develop a classification model of rice paddy or winter crop fields based on NDWI, NDVI, and HSV indices using Sentinel-2 satellite images. The 18 locations in central Korea were selected as target areas and photographed once for each during summer and winter with a eBee drone to identify ground truth crop cultivation. The NDWI was used to classify summer paddy fields, while the NDVI and HSV were used and compared in identification of winter crop cultivation areas. The summer paddy field classification with the criteria of -0.195

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2022

In the present study, in order to prevent the misrun defects that occur during traditional brass casting, a method for selecting the proper casting process conditions is proposed. A learning model was developed and demonstrated to be able to learn the presence or absence of defects according to the casting process conditions and to predict the occurrence of defects depending on the certain process given. Appropriate process conditions were determined by applying the proposed method, and the determined conditions were verified through a comparison of different simulation results with additional conditions. With this method, it is possible to determine the casting process conditions that will prevent defects in the desired sand model. This technology is expected to contribute to realization of smart traditional brass farming workshops.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the preference for plant fragrance and the psychological effects of a agro-healing activity in 101 firefighters aged 39.71 ± 10.94. Methods: For the psychological evaluation, post-traumatic stress symptoms, Korean occupational stress scale short form (KOSS-SF), emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction were surveyed on the Likert scale. For the preference for plant fragrances, 20 ㎕ of commercially available essential oils from four plant species (Mentha spp., Lavandula spp., Citrus limon, C. sinensis) were absorbed into each test paper and provided to the participants. Results: The rate of post-traumatic stress symptoms was high at 37.6% of the firefighters surveyed.. C. limon fragrance had the highest preference among the four plant fragrances, followed by C. sinensis > Mentha spp. > Lavandula spp. with statistically significant difference (F = 14.256, p < .001). The lower their age, income, and position, and higher the education level, the higher the preference for plant fragrances. And the administrative group had higher preference for plant fragrances than field group. In addition, as a result of examining the correlation between job satisfaction, preference for plant fragrance, post-traumatic stress, emotional intelligence, and job stress for fire-fighters, the higher the job satisfaction, the higher the fragrance preference and emotional intelligence, and the lower the post-traumatic stress and job stress. Conclusion: Therefore, installing a garden using botanical fragrances at workplaces that firefighters can easily access will improve job satisfaction and relieve stress. It can be concluded that applying the fragrance of plants to the healing farming activities at the fire-fighter's workplace can increase the usefulness of the healing activities.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2023

This paper is about the development results of an automatic silkworm breeding system to reduce labor and time by automatically performing the works for silkworm droppings changing and feed its food. It consists of an automatic guided vehicle and a processing unit. The automatic guided vehicle transports a silkworm dropping changing frame mounted on a silkworm tray stand, and the processing unit takes over the dropping changing frame on it, removes excrement contained the droppings changing frame and feeds silkworm food. In the case of the current silkworm farming, because the breeding period for large silkworms (4 to 5 stage) is short to 14 days and the supply of mulberry leaves takes 98% of the total amount of mulberry leaves needed for breeding silkworms at this time, labor concentration is intensive, and all breeding works depends on manpower. Therefore, it was difficult to breed large silkworms on a large scale. Moreover, silkworms are bred by adding Silkworm bed (Seop) and mulberry in the silkworm tray, and their droppings changing is to separate silkworms and excrement by moving silkworm trays one by one, and the production cost increases due to the high-cost manpower for silkworm breeding. To solve this problem, technology for automating silkworm breeding has also been developed. However, there is still a limitation that silkworm feeding and droppings changing works are not suitable for mass breeding because a lot of labor and time are spent depending on manual work. Therefore, a new silkworm breeding system for breeding silkworm automatically is needed and so we developed an Automatic Silkworm Breeding System applying the droppings change frame, the inverting unit, the feeding silkworm food device and automatic guided vehicle.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.133-142
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• 2023

The use of digital information technology has become important in order to effectively respond to changes in production conditions in Korean agriculture, which are continuously worsening due to a decrease in the rural population, deepening aging, and climate change. Accordingly, this study analyzed the factors affecting farmers' adoption of information devices use and the effect of information devices use on agricultural product sales using the propensity score matching method. As a result of the analysis, it was found that low-age farmers, high-education farmers, and leading farmers are highly likely to adopt use of information devices. For farms with similar characteristics such as age, management size, and farming type, it has been confirmed that farms that have adopted information devices use in agricultural management have higher sales of agricultural products. Therefore, increasing farmers' access to information and the ability to use information devices provides implications that farm income can be improved. The government's informatization support project in the agricultural and rural sectors is important so that farmers can have the ability to distribute informatization devices and utilize agricultural information, and active investment should also be made in information infrastructure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

In this study, we constructed a process simulation model for an agricultural by-products based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) combined heat and power generation system as part of the introduction of technology for energy self-sufficiency in the agricultural sector. The aim was to reduce the burden of increasing fuel and electricity consumption due to rapid fluctuations in international oil prices and the expansion of smart farming in domestic farms, while contributing to the national greenhouse gas reduction goals. Based on the experimental results of 0.3 ton/day torrefied agricultural by-product gasification experiment, a model for an agricultural by-product-based SOFC cogeneration system was constructed, and optimization of the heat exchange network was conducted for SOFC capacities ranging from 4 to 20 kW. The results indicated that an 8 kW agricultural by-product-based SOFC cogeneration system was optimal under the current system conditions. It is anticipated that these research findings can serve as foundational data for future commercial facility design.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

Currently, cultivation of mushrooms using the Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based smart farming technique is increasing rapidly. The main environmental factors for growth of mushrooms are temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO₂), and light. Among all the mentioned factors, currently, only temperature has been maintained under automatic control. However, humidity and ventilation are controlled using a timer, based on technical experience.Therefore, in this study, a Pleurotus eryngii first-generation smart farm model was set up that can automatically control temperature, humidity, and ventilation. After installing the environmental control system and the monitoring device, the environmental condition of the mushroom cultivation room and the growth of the fruiting bodies were studied. The data thus obtained was compared to that obtained using the conventional cultivation method.In farm A, the temperature during the primordia formation stage was about 17℃, and was maintained at approximately 16℃ during the fruiting stage. The humidity was initially maintained at 95%, and the farm was not humidified after the primordia formation stage. There was no sensor for CO₂ management, and the system was ventilated as required by observing the shape of the pileus and the stipe. It was observed that, the concentration of CO₂ was between 700 and 2,500 ppm during the growth period. The average weight of the mushrooms produced in farm A was 125 g, and the quality was between that of the premium and the first grade.In farm B. The CO₂ sensor was in use for measurement purposes only; the system was ventilated as required by observing the shape of the pileus and the stipe. During the growth period, the CO₂ concentration was observed to be between 640 and 4,500 ppm. The average weight of the mushrooms produced in farm B was 102 g.These results indicate that the quality of the king oyster mushroom is determined by the environmental conditions, especially by the concentration of CO₂. Thus, the data obtained in this study can be used as an optimal smart farm model, where, by improving the environmental control method of farm A, better quality mushrooms were obtained.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

The study was carried out to estimate runoff loads of heavy metals in the valley watershed at the middle of South Korea, during farming season. There were no other pollution sources except agricultural activity. From 27 April 2006 to 31 October 2007, water samples were collected using two methods. The first method was regular sampling wherein water samples were taken every two weeks; and the other method was through regular sampling when water were collected during each rainfall event. Results showed that heavy metals were found in the water from the regular samples, and were highest during May and June. It was presumed that this might have been contributed by farming activities. Heavy metal concentration of the irregular samples was lower than regular samples. The correlation coefficient between each heavy metal of the regular samples were as follows: Fe-Al>Cr-Al>Fe-Cr>Mn-Fe. The correlation coefficient of the irregular samples were the following: Fe-Al>Fe-Cu is positive; and Pb-Cu>Ni-Al is negative. Measured pollutant loads of heavy metals in the valley watershed were : 2.047 kg $day^{-1}$ of Al, 0.008 kg $day^{-1}$ of Cd, 0.034 kg $day^{-1}$ of Cr, 0.311 kg $day^{-1}$ of Cu, 0.601 kg $day^{-1}$ of Fe, and 0.282 kg $day^{-1}$ of Zn in 2006; while in 2007, the following were observed: 2.535 kg $day^{-1}$ of Al, 0.026 kg $day^{-1}$ of Cd, 0.055 kg $day^{-1}$ of Cu, 0.727 kg $day^{-1}$ of Fe, and 0.317 kg $day^{-1}$ of Zn. In the analysis of data gathered, the loading rates of effluents from the valley watershed during the rainy season were : 79.8% of Al, 69.1% of Cu, 82.5% of Fe, and 69.1% of Zn in 2006; while 69.9% of Al, 67.5% of Cu, 70.4% of Fe, and 67.5% of Zn in 2007.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.321-327
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• 2006

In Korea, there is a growing competitive for water resources between industrial, domestic and agricultural consumer, and the environment as many other OECD countries. The demand on water use is also affecting aquatic ecosystems particularly where withdrawals are in excess of minimum environmental needs for rivers, lakes and wetland habits. OECD developed three indicators related to water use by the agriculture in above contexts : the first is a water use intensity indicator, which is expressed as the quantity or share of agricultural water use in total national water utilization; the second is a water stress indicator, which is expressed as the proportion of rivers (in length) subject to diversion or regulation for irrigation without reserving a minimum of limiting reference flow; and the third is a water use efficiency indicator designated as the technical and the economic efficiency. These indicators have different meanings in the aspect of water resource conservation and sustainable water use. So, it will be more significant that the indicators should reflect the intrinsic meanings of them. The problem is that the aspect of an overall water flow in the agro-ecosystem and recycling of water use not considered in the assessment of agricultural water use needed for calculation of these water use indicators. Namely, regional or meteorological characteristics and site-specific farming practices were not considered in the calculation of these indicators. In this paper, we tried to calculate water use indicators suggested in OECD and to modify some other indicators considering our situation because water use pattern and water cycling in Korea where paddy rice farming is dominant in the monsoon region are quite different from those of semi-arid regions. In the calculation of water use intensity, we excluded the amount of water restored through the ground from the total agricultural water use because a large amount of water supplied to the farm was discharged into the stream or the ground water. The resultant water use intensity was 22.9% in 2001. As for water stress indicator, Korea has not defined nor monitored reference levels of minimum flow rate for rivers subject to diversion of water for irrigation. So, we calculated the water stress indicator in a different way from OECD method. The water stress indicator was calculated using data on the degree of water storage in agricultural water reservoirs because 87% of water for irrigation was taken from the agricultural water reservoirs. Water use technical efficiency was calculated as the reverse of the ratio of irrigation water to a standard water requirement of the paddy rice. The efficiency in 2001 was better than in 1990 and 1998. As for the economic efficiency for water use, we think that there are a lot of things to be taken into considerations to make a useful indicator to reflect socio-economic values of agricultural products resulted from the water use. Conclusively, site-specific, regional or meteorogical characteristics as in Korea were not considered in the calculation of water use indicators by methods suggested in OECD(Volume 3, 2001). So, it is needed to develop a new indicators for the indicators to be more widely applicable in the world.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2011

This paper studies the impact of Korean introduction of the Generalized System of Preferences(GSP) to developing countries, which are continuously arguing to support research and development for reducing greenhouse gas(GHG) emission with developed countries in the Conference of the Parties(COP) of UNFCCC. This paper is focusing on the expecting effects of trade and GHG emission reduction when Korea provides GSP to Indonesia, Brazil, and Ethiopia, which are selected in the first session of Global Green Growth Institute(GGGI). This paper uses the methodology of the intra-industry trade index multiplied by Korean import-induced coefficients. To Indonesia, Korean probable GSP would benefit exports of Indonesian agriculture, forestry, fishery, and livestock farming industries, which would contribute to Indonesian reduction of GHG emission. To Brazil, the exports to Korea would increase in the GHG sensitive industries such as metal, fat, oils, food, and beverage industries. Ethiopia belongs to the least developed countries. So Korean GSP would support the exports and GHG reduction in Ethiopian agriculture, forestry, fisheries, textiles, and leather industries. Without conflicting most favored nation treatment(MFN) principle in WTO, the introduction of GSP would be a good compensation for GHG reduction to developing countries.