• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.61-78
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• 2003

This study compared the levels of North Dakota and South Korean conventional and sustainable farmers' participation in community organizations. The North Dakota data were collected in 1990 from a sample of 568 farm and ranch operators. and the South Korean data were collected in late 1999 and early 2000 from a sample of 147 farmers through interviews and surveys. The data were analyzed using the SPSS ANOV A computer program. The sustainable farmers in both countries were more likely to participate in community organizations than the conventional farmers. Nevertheless, through this comparative study it was found that some differences between two countries exist due to their different cultural backgrounds. Whereas Americans were oriented more to morality and ethics influenced by church, farmers in Korean were more influenced by civil movements. Whereas the reduced tillage farmers in Americans were more likely to be sustainable farmers, the mixed farmers in Korea were more likely to belong to conventional farmers. While individuals in community organizations focused on the economics of agriculture, sustainable farming and farmers' social participation were social matters, which were used to develop sustainable community.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 1994

From 1995, the WTO(World Trade Organization) system will be activated in the world market. Therefore more liberalization in agricultural are expected. Korean farmers should be trained to overcome the difficulty due to trade liberalization. The non-formal education for farmers is carried out by various forms but does not fit need of farmers mostly. The moor part of non formal training was focused on agricultural skills so there must be more emphasis on non-agricultural skills. There are some lacks in linkage between training and government support for trainees. So more support for farmers trainees such as aspects(for example cure finanical support) and non economic support(for example the raising of farmers morale) are needed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2021

Purpose: The transition from a traditional to a modern food distribution system induces several adjustments on the supply side since supermarkets must collect food on a larger scale and with higher quality standards. This situation becomes a real challenge for small scale farmers to access supply in a modern distribution channel. This gives rise to an original solution: supplying supermarkets through farmer associations or cooperatives. Based on this context of Vietnam linking to the case of distribution science, the paper proposes an industrial organization model of the food processing system in developing countries. The model presents the competitive relationship between two competing distribution systems: a traditional and a modern one. The former is composed of several retailers that sell their products on the traditional market while the latter is based on cooperatives that collect food and negotiate with supermarkets. The current study is to discuss the conditions under which the evolution of the food distribution system occurs by using the proposed model. Research design, data, and methodology: Based on the proposed model, the study explored the quantity flow from small producers to consumers through a Nash equilibrium and address the question of farmer repartition by a free-entry equilibrium. Results: The result shows that there is a unique positive equilibrium in the food market with participation of cooperative associations; Since farmers serve cooperative associations, they not only receive quantity incentive prices but also share profits within their organization. Conclusions: This study shows a unique distribution equilibrium where the profits of farmers working for middlemen and cooperatives are maximized. Further insights were discussed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2002

This study was designed to analyze farmers' behavior on dealing with secondhand agricultural machinery and to device proper measures for promoting utilization of secondhand agricultural machinery. This objective was accomplished by using data which were analyzed, collected through questionnaires from 35 farmers on dealing with secondhand agricultural machinery. The main, realistic measures for promoting utilization of secondhand agricultural machinery, based on farmers' behavior, are as fellows: First, to make and offer a criteria fer evaluating the optimal price of secondhand agricultural machinery, which should be a effective measure for promoting farmers' dealing with them. Second. to establish a store to exhibit and sell secondhand agricultural machinery. This is the most important way to promote dealing with them. In the process of political supporting to establish the store, the equality of opportunity should be adopted to every organization want to deal secondhand agricultural machinery. Third, to strengthen financial supports for buying secondhand agricultural machinery and to assure A/S system.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-51
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• 2005

In this article the author provided a brief introduction to the function and activation of 4-H fanning organization. The strategies developed to improve the environmental-friendly Agriculture are as following : the efficiency cooperatives of 4-H fanning organization, invitation of the upbringing plan of organization leader for promotion of the pilot region project of environmental-friendly Agriculture connected with green tourism, the establishment of reasonable management plan and strategies. In conclusion, there must be strategic measures to increase the income of environmental-friendly farmers. All of this information could be useful for the further development of the strategy for environmental-friendly Agriculture in organization and management.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-169
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• 2007

By the environment-friendly(hereafter EF) agricultural policy and toward the safety food of consumers, there is much glowing supply and demand fur EF agricultural products, in Korea. But, in general, EF agricultural products are blown as unique, unreasonable and high price system. This study aims to make clare the main bodies and competition structure in EF agricultural products and the different from the agricultural products. The mail results of this study are summarized as follows. Firstly, farmers and consumers directly participate in the distribution, and the major distributors participate in the market of EF agricultural products after the certification system is got ready. Because EF agricultural products is not dealt and the price system is not built up in agricultural wholesale market. Secondly, the distribution route of EF agricultural products is organized the unified organization by the main bodies such as farmers, consumers co-op, and special distributors. In any step of distribution, the main body of distribution surely deals with the contracted farmers, consumers co-op, and special distributors. Accordingly, it is said that EF agricultural products has the competition structure between the distribution route organized the unified organization rather than between main bodies in the each steps of distribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2020

This study analyzed the relationship between the sense of community, organizational commitment, and business performance among farmers participating in the agricultural products processing center. As a result, the farmer's sense of community at the agricultural products processing center had a positive effect on organizational commitment, and the farmer's sense of community had a positive effect on business performance. In this regard, efforts should be made to systematically manage and sustain the future of formal, formal and informal activities of the agricultural products processing center. In addition, in order for the community formed at the agricultural products processing center to continue to grow, it is necessary to take the approach of improving the competence of personnel, organizing work, developing professional programs, and forming related networks. In addition, the organization formed through the agricultural products processing center should be grown as a farmer's organization of processing base so that it can be linked with the activation policy such as food plan and local food.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.241-254
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• 2014

This case study surveyed management situations of environmentally friendly farming(EFF) producers' organization and their main activities. Farmers are aging as an average age of 55-year old and producing fruit-bearing vegetables. The EFF did not increase farmer's income, however, price and income was stabilized more than that of conventional farming because of contract farming. Farm household liabilities are caused by purchasing agricultural machinery, materials and so on. Farmers of EFF have been also cultivating conventional farming, but they don't plan much conversion intention of conventional farming into EFF owing to lack of differentiated and stable market for their EFF products. And they are guessing that EFF income will increase a little. For increasing of EFF income, they think that it is necessary to reduce production cost, produce high quality production, develop processing foods, enlarge contract farming and so on.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2015

This study aims at analyzing determinants of non-farming income activities of female farmers, and presenting how to support their participation in non-farming activities. The result of logistic regressive analysis whose subjects are female farmers in the Chungnam area indicates that human and economic capital variables that can predict non-farming income activity participation statistically significantly are persons at the age of 40s to 50s and female farmers who returned to the rural areas. Farming characteristic variables are households that receive subsidiary and participate in two different types of farming whose main farming is rice. The female farmers who spend longer hours doing household chores participate in non-farming income activities more actively. In terms of policy and on-site response variables, the interest in farming and farming businesses shows positive relation, and that of farming and community organization participation presents negative relation. These analysis results indicate that the local government must present the policy that can select non-farming income activity participation groups strategically. This study suggest that it is necessary to expand community centered-non-farming income activities, and to expand or make laws to support female farmer's participation in non-farming activities.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.20
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• 2024

The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreak was first reported in Java Island, Indonesia, in 1926, which was then reported further in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. Nevertheless, the NDV is still endemic in Indonesia, with outbreaks occurring in free-range and commercial chicken farms. The dynamic evolution of the NDV has led to the further development of vaccines and diagnostic tools for more effective control of this virus. This paper discusses the history of the NDV occurrence, vaccines, the development of diagnostic tools, and the epidemiological condition of the NDV in Indonesia. Indonesia, which has the largest poultry population in the world after China, has challenges in preventing and controlling this virus that causes economic losses to the farmers and has an impact on the welfare of the poultry farming community in Indonesia.