• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

This study was conducted to solve the problem of public grievance owing to odor of a pig farm. Odor emissions from pig production systems mainly originate from liquid manure storage and solid manure fermentation. The low-cost odor abatement system (OAS) for application at liquid manure storage tank and solid manure fermentation facilities was developed in this study. The OAS adapted odor removing principles of a biofilter and biotrickling filter. The OAS is very simplified in structure. The appearance of the OAS had a form of cylindrical or cubical shape. The system performance was monitored for about one year after stabilization. A 7 seconds empty bed contact time for the OAS was adapted to achieve the odor reduction levels. The commercial type of OAS was constructed with media comprised of wood chips. Moisture content always remained above 50% wet basis. Average ammonia removal efficiency for the developed design was 89% at the liquid manure storage tank. Also, the removal efficiency at a solid manure fermentation facility was 86% on ammonia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.219-231
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• 2024

Feed has a great influence on the composition of swine manure, which is the principal cause of odor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to simply change the shape of pig feed and control calories to find a suitable feed form for reducing the smell of swine manure. The experiment was conducted on 15 pigs from July to August 2021, and a total of three measurements were done. Three types of feed were evaluated in this study. The analysis items related to odor of swine manure are complex odor, ammonia, sulfur-based odors, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the case of complex odor, dilution multiples tended to decrease over time, except for type A feed. The concentration of ammonia in all types of feed decreased over time. Most sulfur-based odorous substances except hydrogen sulfide at the first measurement were not detected. Representatively, Decane, 2,6-Dimethylnonane, and 1-Methyl-3-propylcycolhexane were detected in VOCs generated from swine manure. The major odorous substansces in swine manure have changed from ammonia and sulfur compounds to VOCs. In order to reduce the odor caused by swine manure, it is ad-vantageous to use low-calorie feed consisting of pellet-type.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

At recent the number of livestock is increased and the size of farm has changed to large facilities in Korea. So the livestock facilities have become one of major sources of odor emission. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concentration and assessment of odor unit from livestock facilities for cow, dairy, swine and poultry. The eleven odor pollutants such as $H_2S$, ($CH_3$)SH, $(CH_3)_2S$, $(CH_3)_2S_2$, $CH_3N$, $NH_3$, $(CH_3)_2N$, $(CH_3)_3N$, butyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid, measured for assessment of the odor concentrations from livestock facility. As the results, it is found that the major matters of odor from livestock facilities were $NH_3$ and $H_2S$. The highest concentration of $NH_3$ is measured as 15 ppm at henhouse and $H_2S$ is measured as 858 ppb at penpig facilities. In the comparison of the average odor unit from livestocks, it is found that the highest odor unit was from swine and the lowest odor unit was from cow facility. So odor unit from swine facilities was 12 to 30 times higher than the odor unit from cow facilities.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of enzyme complex on odor emission from swine slurry and the process of making swine liquid manure. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were significantly decreased by using the enzyme complex of liter per ton level of liquid swine slurry in the manure storage tank according to the time. Characteristics of liquid swine slurry were affected by the enzyme complex, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents were reduced compare with control. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the finishing pig building and offensive odor compound on the boundary line of swine farm were significantly decreased by spraying in swine finishing building. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study suggest that using the enzyme complex of liter per ton level of liquid swine slurry for making liquid swine manure may improve the quality of swine liquid fertilizer and reduce odor emission. Also farm scale enzyme complex treatment may improve air quality in finishing pig building and deduce offensive odor compound of swine farm.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2007

Six pig farms were surveyed to measure the odor concentrations and characteristics of ammonia and sulfide corollary compounds in piggery. They were depended on the scale of piggery, weather conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, scales and types of pig breeding, and manure treatment methods. The highest ammonia concentrations in piggery were measured during the winter, since the tight sealed insulation in piggery made less amount of generated ammonia discharged from piggery. The objective of this study was to measure concentrations of odor in the piggery by season and growing, and to measure concentrations of odor at boundary area. So, we investigated the raising managements, manure managements, and methods of reducing odor according to farm scale. We found that concentration of ammonia gas in the swine fattening piggery in winter was the highest. This result is consistent with the lower ventilation rate to maintain Indoor temperature. In this result, there was no connection between farm scale and ventilating system. Concentration of ammonia gas was 1.64 ppm at one boundary area in the middle scale. $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, $(CH_3)_2S$, and $(CH_3)_2S_2$ were below the standard of protection odor policy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2022

The current study examined the impact of fermented barley sprout extract prepared using lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sp.) in decreasing odor and increasing livestock productivity and measured the difference in the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the extract after fermentation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of fermented barley sprout extract was evaluated through order level and production index of livestock by supplying it to a broiler house. The results showed that with fermented barley sprout extract, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents were increased significantly by 174% and 562%, respectively. When the extract was applied as an additive to drinking water in the test farm, the productivity improved by about 10%, the mortality rate was reduced by about 66%, and there was a significant decrease in odor by about 80%. Compared with the control group, the production index increased by about 21%, the feed requirement decreased by about 8%, the odor showed a decrease in the NH₃ level, and no other gas was detected. It was observed that lactic acid bacteria settle in the intestine, suppress the proliferation of bacteria that cause diarrhea and enteritis, and help digestion. The lactic acid bacteria effectively remove bad odor gases such as NH₃, Amines, H₂S and CH₄S. Such odor reduction improves productivity. Our findings provide valuable information for quality water supply, production optimization and livestock management.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2013

This survey was conducted to investigate the current state of odor emission and control from 48 site of Hanwoo, dairy, swine and poultry farms in Korea. On-site complex odors assessment by the method of 6 step direct sensory evaluation and ammonia concentrations by portable gas detector on the boundary line of farms were evaluated and detected as 1.11 & 2.78 ppm, 1.67 & 2.56 ppm, 1.91 & 2.89 ppm, 1.8 & 2.4 ppm and 1.33 & 2.33 ppm, respectively. Almost of Hanwoo, dairy and poultry farms were nothing the complaints occurred for the last 2 years, however as 60% of swine farms were suffered odor complain. All of livestock operations were used the additives for improving the farm environment and spent the considerable costs for odor reduction. There were several plans almost farms, as a fortify maintenance, keep clean, tree planting, expansion facilities for manure treatment or odor reduction.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.468-471
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• 2005

The Air Quality Sensor(AQS), located near the fresh air inlet, serves to reduce the amount of pollution entering the vehicle cabin through the HVAC(heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system by sending a signal to close the fresh air inlet door/ventilation flap when the vehicle enters a high pollution area. One chip sensor module which include above two sensing elements, humidity sensor and bad odor sensor was developed for AQS (air quality sensor) in automobile. With this sensor module, PIC microcontroller was designed with back propagation neural network to reduce detecting error when the motor vehicles pass through the dense fog area. The signal from neural network was modified to control the inlet of automobile and display the result or alarm the situation. One chip microcontroller, Atmega128L (ATmega Ltd., USA) was used. For the control and display. And our developed system can intelligently detect the bad odor when the motor vehicles pass through the polluted air zone such as cattle farm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2014

Objectives: The principal aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of gaseous pollutants emitted in enclosed pig buildings between different rates of general ventilation and determine the variations in the patterns of gaseous pollutants as affected by ventilation rate. Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed in the growing/finishing room($20.0m{\times}12.0m{\times}3.0m$) of a pig confinement building located on the experimental farm of Seoul National University. The conditions of the general ventilation rate for three treatments were 30%($4.12m^3s^{-1}$), 50%($6.87m^3s^{-1}$) and 70%($9.61m^3s^{-1}$). The data presented in the study were collected overa total of 45 days, 15 days for each of the three treatments from March to May 2011. A total of six air samplings were taken at 1.5m above the floor of the pig building. The environmental agents measured in the pig building were ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor concentration index for gaseous pollutants with temperature and hydrogen sulfide for thermal factors. Results: There were significant differences in the ammonia and odor concentration index in the pig building among the three general ventilation rate conditions(p<0.05), whereas hydrogen sulfide did not show a significant difference among three conditions of general ventilation rate(p>0.05). As the general ventilation rate applied to the pig building increases, it appears that all the indoor environmental agents measured in this study simultaneously decrease. Conclusions: The gaseous pollutants significantly affected by the general ventilation rate in pig building were ammonia and odor concentration index(p<0.05). However, it was found that hydrogen sulfide and thermal factors, temperature and relative humidity were not influenced significantly by variation in the general ventilation rate.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2019

In this study, CALPUFF modeling was performed, using a real surface and upper air meterological data to predict trustworthy modeling-results. Pollutant-releases from windscreen chambers of enclosed poultry farms, P1 and P2, and from a open poultry farm, P3, and their diffusing behavior were modeled by CALPUFF modeling with volume sources as well as by finally-adjusted CALPUFF modeling where a linear velocity of upward-exit gas averaged with the weight of each directional-emitting area was applied as a model-linear velocity ($u^M_y$) at a stack, with point sources. In addition, based upon the scenario of poultry farm-releasing odor and particulate matter (PM) removal efficiencies of 0, 20, 50 and 80% or their corresponding emission rates of 100, 80, 50 and 20%, respectively, CALPUFF modeling was performed and concentrations of odor and PM were predicted at the region as a discrete receptor where civil complaints had been frequently filed. The predicted concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were compared with those required to meet according to the offensive odor control law or the atmospheric environmental law. Subsequently their required removal efficiencies at poultry farms of P1, P2 and P3 were estimated. As a result, a priori assumption that pollutant concentrations at their discrete receptors are reduced by the same fraction as pollutant concentrations at P1, P2 and P3 as volume source or point source, were controlled and reduced, was proven applicable in this study. In case of volume source-adopted CALPUFF modeling, its required removal efficiencies of P1 compared with those of point source-adopted CALPUFF modeling, were predicted similar each other. However, In case of volume source-adopted CALPUFF modeling, its required removal efficiencies of both ammonia and $PM_{10}$ at not only P2 but also P3 were predicted higher than those of point source-adopted CALPUFF modeling. Nonetheless, the volume source-adopted CALPUFF modeling was preferred as a safe approach to resolve civil complaints. Accordingly, the required degrees of pollution prevention against ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ at P1 and P2, were estimated in a proper manner.