• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.261-272
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• 2018

본 연구는 일반농장과 복지형 농장의 육계 다리육의 냉장저장 기간 중 품질과 생리활성 기능 성분을 비교 분석하기 위해 실시하였다. 일반농장 및 동물복지 농장의 육계 다리육을 발골하여 9일 동안 $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 품질평가, creatine, di-peptide(anserine 및 carnosine), SOD 활성, DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 분석하였다. pH 값은 저장 1일차에 CTW 처리구가 CTC 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았으며, $b^*$ 값은 CTW 처리구가 CTC 처리구보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 가열감량, 보수력, $L^*$, $a^*$ 및 대장균수는 두 처리구간의 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 전단력의 경우 저장 1일차, 3일차, 7일차, 9일차에 CTW 처리구가 CTC 처리구보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 일반세균수의 경우, 두 처리구 모두 저장 기간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나, 저장 7일차, 9일차에 CTW 처리구(5.83 log CFU/g, 6.70 log CFU/g)가 CTC 처리구(6.12 log CFU/g, 7.16 log CFU/g)보다 유의적으로 낮은 일반 세균수를 나타내었다. TBARS 값은 저장 7일차까지 두 처리구간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 저장 9일차에 CTW 처리구(0.56 mg MDA/kg)가 CTC 처리구(0.64 mg MDA/kg)보다 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 단백질 변패도를 나타내는 VBN은 모든 저장일차에서 CTW 처리구가 CTC 처리구보다 유의적으로 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. Creatine과 carnosine 함량은 두 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, anserine은 저장 1일차에만 CTW 처리구가 CTC 처리보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 저장 1일차에 CTW 처리구가 CTC 처리구보다 유의적으로 높아 항산화 활성을 보였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.18.1-18.27
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• 2024

Mastitis is one of the most widespread infectious diseases that adversely affects the profitability of the dairy industry worldwide. Accurate diagnosis and identification of pathogens early to cull infected animals and minimize the spread of infection in herds is critical for improving treatment effects and dairy farm welfare. The major pathogens causing mastitis and pathogenesis are assessed first. The most recent and advanced strategies for detecting mastitis, including genomics and proteomics approaches, are then evaluated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, potential research directions, and future perspectives are reported. This review provides a theoretical basis to help veterinarians select the most sensitive, specific, and cost-effective approach for detecting bovine mastitis early.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2022

Precision livestock monitoring promises greater management efficiency for farmers and higher welfare standards for animals. Recent studies on video-based animal activity recognition and tracking have shown promising solutions for understanding animal behavior. To achieve that, surveillance cameras are installed diagonally above the barn in a typical cattle farm setup to monitor animals constantly. Under these circumstances, tracking individuals requires addressing challenges such as occlusion and visual appearance, which are the main reasons for track breakage and increased misidentification of animals. This paper presents a framework for multi-cattle tracking in closed barns with appearance and motion models. To overcome the above challenges, we modify the DeepSORT algorithm to achieve higher tracking accuracy by three contributions. First, we reduce the weight of appearance information. Second, we use an Ensemble Kalman Filter to predict the random motion information of cattle. Third, we propose a supplementary matching algorithm that compares the absolute cattle position in the barn to reassign lost tracks. The main idea of the matching algorithm assumes that the number of cattle is fixed in the barn, so the edge of the barn is where new trajectories are most likely to emerge. Experimental results are performed on our dataset collected on two cattle farms. Our algorithm achieves 70.37%, 77.39%, and 81.74% performance on HOTA, AssA, and IDF1, representing an improvement of 1.53%, 4.17%, and 0.96%, respectively, compared to the original method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2001

The behavior of declawed emus in a farm environment has not been described despite its importance in the husbandry and welfare of the emu. This study examined whether declawing of emus causes chronic pain resulting in permanent changes in the locomotor and general behavior of declawed yearling emus compared to emus not declawed. One group of 40 emus were declawed on the day of hatch by removing the distal phalangeal joint using a Lyon beak-trimming machine. Another group of 40 emus not declawed were the controls. Declawed emus one year of age were allocated to a paddock $250m{\times}125m$, while the control group was placed in an adjoining paddock of the same dimensions. One hour video records of individual emus from each treatment were made from 08:00 and 17:00 h over 2 periods; firstly when food and water was available and secondly during a period when food and water was not available after being withdrawn overnight. Inactive, ingestive, posture change, grooming, aggressive and locomotor behaviors were monitored from the videotape. There was no behavioral evidence to indicate loss of locomotor ability of declawed emus or to suggest declawed emus were suffering from severe chronic pain as indicated by declawed emus engaging in significantly more bouts (p<0.05) and time of searching (p<0.05). Declawed emus also engaged in less stereotype pacing (p<0.05) indicating they were under less stress and not as frustrated as control birds which engaged in more step pushing behavior (p<0.05). Modelling analysis showed that pecking behavior in birds was most closely related to foraging behavior. Birds subject to pecking attacks demonstrated higher levels of stereotype behavior presumably as a method to cope with stress. The behavioral evidence in this study would indicate that declawing does not compromise the locomotor ability of emus and has the benefit of improving the social structure in the groups by reducing stereotype behavior and aggression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.868-872
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• 2005

Individual management of the animal is the first step towards reaching the goal of precision livestock farming that aids animal welfare. Accurate recognition of each individual animal is important for precise management. Electronic identification of cattle, usually referred to as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), has many advantages for farm management. In practice, however, RFID implementations can cause several problems. Reading speed and distance must be optimized for specific applications. Image processing is more effective than RFID for the development of precision farming system in livestock. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to attempt the identification of cattle by using image processing. The majority of the research on the identification of cattle by using image processing has been for the black-and-white patterns of the Holstein. But, native Japanese and Korean cattle do not have a consistent pattern on the body, so that identification by pattern is impossible. This research aims to identify to Japanese black cattle, which does not have a black-white pattern on the body, by using image processing and a neural network algorithm. 12 Japanese black cattle were tested. Values of input parameter were calculated by using the face image values of 12 cows. The face was identified by the associate neural memory algorithm, and the algorithm was verified by the transformed face image, for example, of brightness, distortion, noise and angle. As a result, there was difference due to a transformation ratio of the brightness, distortion, noise, and angle. The algorithm could identify 100% in the range from -30 to +30 degrees of brightness, -20 to +40 degrees of distortion, 0 to 60% of noise and -20 to +30 degree of angle transformed images.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.762-774
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• 2022

The COVID 19 pandemic resulted in a considerable influence on the world economy. Being a big sector of the economy, the food supply chain struggled. The meat supply chain was most notably affected as every part of the supply chain from farm to shelf was closely inter-related. With the closure of businesses and restaurants the demand for at home food from grocery stores increased. Meat production facilities were impacted when the virus spread to the workers causing facilities to close or line speeds to slow. The combination of these two issues, in turn, led to there being less meat on the shelves. With less meat animals being harvested, there was less demand for livestock leading to farmers having an excess in slaughter ready animals. The decreased demand for livestock led to economic issues as money was lost in multiple sections of the supply chain. Aside from the economy and supply chain issues, other issues include concerns over the safety of meat products due to decreased safety protocols to increase line speed. Additionally, concerns of animal welfare with the excess of animals being culled were raised due to decreased capacity in processing facilities. While this review paper mainly focuses on characterizing the impact of COVID 19 on the meat supply chain in the USA, the compiled information should be able to provide practical insights to the meat/food industry across the globe to develop potential mitigating strategies against the COVID 19 and/or any similar pandemic incidences in the future.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.786-793
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• 2024

Latin America is a culturally, geographically, politically, and economically diverse region. Agriculture in Latin America is marked by a remarkable diversity of production systems, reflecting various agroecological zones, farm sizes, and technological levels. In the last decade, the swine industry increased by 30.6%, emerging as a great contributor to food security and economic development in Latin America. Brazil and Mexico dominate the pig production landscape, together accounting for 70% of sow inventory in the region. The swine industry in Latin America is predominantly comprised of small and medium-sized farms, however, in the past 30 years, the number of pig producers in Brazil dropped by 78%, whereas pork production increased by 326%. Similar to the global pork industry, the growing demand for pork, driven by population growth and changing dietary habits, presents an opportunity for the industry with an expected growth of 16% over the next decade. The export prospects are promising, however subject to potential disruptions from global market conditions and shifts in trade policies. Among the challenges faced by the swine industry, disease outbreaks, particularly African Swine Fever (ASF), present significant threats, necessitating enhanced biosecurity and surveillance systems. In 2023, ASF was reported to the Dominican Republic and Haiti, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Venezuela, and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) in Mexico, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Ecuador. Additionally, feed costs, supply chain disruptions, and energy expenses have affected mainly the smaller and less efficient producers. The swine industry is also transitioning towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, including efficient feed usage, and precision farming. Ensuring long-term success in the swine industry in Latin America requires a holistic approach that prioritizes sustainability, animal welfare, and consumer preferences, ultimately positioning the industry to thrive in the evolving global market.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2018

Background: The objective of this study was to underline that litter size as a key trait of sows needs new parameters to be evaluated and to target an individual optimum. Large individual variation in litter size affects both production and piglet's survival and health negatively. Therefore, two new traits were suggested and analyzed. Two data sets on 5509 purebred German Landrace sows and 3926 Large White and crossing sows including at least two parental generations and at least five parities were subjected to variance components analysis. Results: The new traits for evaluating litter size were derived from the individual numbers of total born piglets (TBP) per parity: In most cases, sows reach their maximum litter size in their fourth parity. Therefore, data from at least five parities were included. The first observable maximum and minimum of TBP, and the individual variation expressed by the range were targeted. Maximum of TBP being an observable trait in pig breeding and management yielded clearly higher heritability estimates ($h^2{\sim}0.3$) than those estimates predominantly reported so far. Maximum TBP gets closer to the genetic capacity for litter size than other litter traits. Minimum of TBP is positively correlated with the range of TBP ($r_p=0.48$, $r_g$ > 0.6). The correlation between maximum of TBP and its individually reached frequency was negative in both data sets ($r_p=-0.28$ and - 0.22, respectively). Estimated heritability coefficients for the range of TBP comprised a span of $h^2=0.06$ to 0.10. Conclusion: An optimum both for maximum and range of total born piglets in selecting sows is a way contributing to homogenous litters in order to improving the animal-related conditions both for piglets' welfare and economic management in pig.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2011

본 연구는 계절과 성 분리가 생산성, 스트레스, 도체품질 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 여름과 겨울로 계절을 나누고 각 계절별 암컷구, 거세 수컷구 및 혼합구를 설정하고 평균체중 $82.1{\pm}0.82kg$인 삼원교잡$(LY{\times}D)$ 비육돈 270두를 공시하여 비육돈 생산성과 출하 과정의 스트레스 및 도체품질과 육질을 분석하였다. 사료섭취량은 겨울에 많았고 증체 또한 겨울에 우수하였다 (p<0.05). 성 분리는 사료요구율에 영향을 미치며, 겨울과 혼합구가 양호한 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.05). 상차 후 혈중 cortisol과 CPK치가 급격하게 상승하는 것으로 나타나 상차시 극도의 스트레스가 주어지는 것으로 나타났다. 상차시 급격한 상승을 보였던 혈중 cortisol과 CPK 농도는 수송과정에 낮아지며, 3시간 계류 후에는 출하 전 수준으로 안정되었다. 상차 후 계절 관계없이 혼합구가 가장 높은 cortisol 농도를 보여 돈 방내에서의 수준을 유지하는 경향을 나타내었고 거세 수컷 혹은 암컷만으로 구성된 돈 군간에는 차이가 없었다. 도체품질은 겨울에 우수하였고 PSE 발생율 또한 겨울이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 여름철 거세 수컷구가 가장 높은 PSE 발생율을 나타내었으나 겨울철 혼합구는 가장 낮게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 계절과 성 분리가 돼지고기의 pH, drip loss 및 육색 등 육질에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 여름철에 비육돈 관리 특히 출하취급에 보다 세심한 배려가 필요하며, 성 분리는 관리자, 시설 등 농장여건에 따라 적용 여부를 결정하는 것이 타당할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effect of microbially activated peat on odor generated by livestock farms. The odor gas was measured by stirring the livestock manure sample with the existing litter and the microbially activated peat (Healtha Peat) was developed by this research team. In outdoor farm experiment, the measurements were performed by comparing broilers farm using rice husks and microbially activated peat as litter. The weight, mortality, shipment date, and odor levels (NH₃) were measured before and after experiment. The result showed that NH₃ levels were reduced by 100% in the Healtha Peat mixed group, Healtha Peat and rice husks mixed group. In the peat mixed group, Healtha Peat and saw dust mixed group showed reduce value at 99.6% and 99.1%, respectively. However the rice husks mixed group and saw dust mixed group showed a relatively weak NH₃ reduction effect with values of 57.5% and 84.8%, respectively. After 3 months, the Healtha Peat mixed group and Healtha Peat and rice husks mixed group showed the highest NH₃ reduction effect persistence. In the outdoor farm experiment, NH₃ was present in farms using rice husks, but not in farms using Healtha Peat. In farms using Healtha Peat, the mortality and NH₃ were reduced by 75% and >90%, respectively. The average body weight increased 18% and resulted to 10% decrease in the shipping date. These results implied that microbially activated peat has a clear effect on farm NH₃ reduction and affects the productivity of farm animals.