• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.38
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• pp.249-275
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• 2019

Gangneung farm song is important for the ritualistic labortheatricals. Especially, in the theatrical process program, the songsof weeding, such as Haksan Odokkteggi and Ssadae, were alsoincluded to represent the agricultural ritualistic prayer for goodharvest. The use of Gangneung farm song is attractive in termsofthe circumstances. There is no chance of success as a plan simplyfor local events. As a comprehensive art, Gangneung farmsongshould simultaneously revitalize locality, representability andglobality. In this context, three directions are suggested dependingon the development progress. The second direction to the thirddirection are mainly oriented toward government-local authoritycentered support, but, in particular, the third direction should aimtobe an open archive in which the public and the contents prosumercan participate. In the production of the traditional content, OSMUmust be endlessly recreated and spread through 'diversity' and'interrelationships'. The contents utilization was discussed based on the transmissiondetails and analysis evidence of Gangneung Haksan Odokttegi. Thediversification of the way of performing farm song and the folk songs that can induce interest were proposed. Furthermore, basedon the fact that 12 songs classified into 8 work types, there-creation of the contents that focus on the playful aspect of theperforming arts was also proposed. In addition to suggestingthedesirable discourse of the performance groups, the experienceprogram development, education, public relations andcommunication reinforcement based on the narrating principlesoffarm songs, and the development and execution of farmsongprograms based on the tradition and the event demands wereproposed. While mentioning the necessity of value creation, thevitality of performing arts skills that put emotion, imagination, fun, sympathy, and etc. on the original form and the model of farmsongs should be supplemented to Gangneung Haksan Odokttegi. The independent transmission aspect of Gangneung Arirangisalso positive. There are difficulties of reduction of traditionalitydueto the designation, standardized transmission, lack of developmentof voluntary performances, and demonstration-centeredtransmission. Narrowly, we focused on the education andvitalization directions in terms of the capacity building of theconservation council itself. By embodying the essential value of theagricultural literature that farm songs possess, it can bringimpression of all worlds, all lives, communication and sharing, anddraw inspiration from the humanistic view of the world andemotion. The reconstitution of agricultural heritage, theconstruction of a storytelling linked with the concrete objects suchas Beomil National Preceptor, Gulsansa, FlagpoleSupport(Dangganjiju), Seokcheon, Hakbawi rock, and etc., andtheestablishment of fusion type farm song museum were proposed. In terms of culture industry, we requested active support fromtheinstitutions including local governments and various farmsongstorytelling creation projects.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.655-663
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• 2016

Increasing green house gas and it consequent climate change problems are discussed as a global issue. Accordingly, future local green house gas emission will increase up to 40% of the entire local green house gas emission and therefore, efforts to reduce the emission in construction industry is urgently required. Therefore, in this study, heating energy demand was analyzed by using the EnergyPlus simulation according to wood material finishes configuration. EnergyPlus has the entry for a variety of buildings and heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HAVC) system components, in particular buildings, air conditioning systems, and performs simultaneous integrated calculated through the feedback between the heat source unit, a verification program according to the ASHRAE Standard 140-2007 to be. The climate data for the simulation we used the data IWEC in Incheon and Gwangju provided by EnergyPlus. The analysis of simulation model was farm and fishing house standard design drawings: 2012, presented at the Korea Rural Community Corporation. The results of simulation of central region and southern region were effected by wood products of simulation model into the interior finish, exterior finish, windows, wooden structure. Also, it was confirmed that the reduced heating energy demand.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 1985

In near future about 500,000 hectares of Japanese larch and pitch pine need thinning to improve crop-tree spacing and reasonable species composition in Korea. Although thinned trees show very little high quality wood, in fact, all the sawed products are suitable for construction and farming materials. Studies on the utilization of thinned small-diameter trees have been implemented in order to increase lumber yield and display the skeleton of farm buildings. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1. According to Korean Conifers Log Grading System, log grade 3 was 87.4 percent in Japanese larch bolts and 95.8 percent in pitch pine bolts from thinned trees. The ability to identify defects was essential for grading logs. 2. Cutting diagrams of sawing were developed for 1-sided sawing, 2-sided sawing and 3-sided sawing by small end diameter class of bolt and cutting sizes also were found to use effectively lumber with wane. 3. Lumber recovery of Pitch pine was a little higher than that of Japanese larch. The maximum lumber yields of pitch pine by sawing patterns were 87.2 percent for 1-sided sawing, 80.8 percent for 2-sided sawing an 64.1 percent for 3-sided sawing, up yield compared with 58.1 percent for 4-sided sawing. The lumber yield of 1, 2 and 3-sided sawing significantly was higher value than that of 4-sided sawing. 4. Lumber was inspected and graded. Lumber quality of diameter class 12cm was a little better than that of diameter class 8cm, but 90 percent of lumber in diameter c1ass 16cm fell into grade 3. The lumber grade was classified by Korean standard grades of confiers lumber. 5. Lumber from 1, 2 and 3-sided sawing was used to build the skeleton of a farm house ($53m^2$) and greenhouse ($60m^2$) in order to display more efficient use of small diameter trees from thinning 6. Total volume of timber for building a farm house was $8.1m^3$ of imported timber. Timber of $7m^3$, 70 percent of total volume would be substituted imported timber for domestic timber.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2014

Due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and abnormal weather phenomena it has become important on a national level to keep a count of greenhouse gases being emitted. We want to take advantage of any selected area, as the basic data for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions, Forest and Grassland, Paddy fields, and Fields(crops), Greenhouse(crops), Pig farm, Cattle farm, Farm household(populations, agricultural machinery) and Vehicle, the basic building blocks shots with a small amount of per-unit basis, the statistics calculated based on regional carbon emissions through the literature and experimental. Carbon absorption 772,960 ton C/year, amount of fixation 487,477 ton C/year, amount of emission 1,112,607 ton C/year were noted in Gimje-si, and amount of carbon absorption 55,559 ton C/year, amount of fixation 25,864 ton C/year, amount of emissions 58,355 ton C/year in Gongdeok-myeon, respectively. The carbon absorption at Hwangsan-ri is 25,107 ton C/year, fixation 4,301 ton C/year, and emission 20,330 ton C/year respectively. We were able to estimate the amount of carbon according to the specific characteristics of each unit village, then expanding it to a large-scale and comparative analysis, therefore we were able to obtain basic data on the national levels of carbon absorption.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1982

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of forest land use around Tae Kwan Ryoung region during 15 years, by using the aerial photographs in 1965 and 1980 respectively. the results are summarized as follows: 1) The areas of forest land and farm land has been decreased, while the grass land increased as 3 times. It is because that the site of Tae Kwan ryoung region was suitable for livestock breeding and the wide grass lands were developed. 2) With a view to forest land use, it is desirable to convert the forest land into grass land and farm Land. But it should be considered the fact that most of the farm land was converted into forest land, in the utilization of forest land in future. 3) Due to the development of industries such as livestock breeding and leisure industry, there is a great increase in the dwelling houses, stalls, public building and habitants in this region. Therefore, in future we should establish the plans of forest land use synthetically and efficiently, considering the promotion of indirect utilities such as soil conservation, recreation and environmental protection as well as timber production.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 1997

The number of modernized green houses have been increased to produce high quality and high-payoff farm products. The unit investment costs per pyeong($3.3058m^2$) for building a glass house was estimated at 449 thousand won. On the other hand, the unit prices for the PC house with iron frame and the vynil house with automatic control system were revealed 365 thousand won and 93 thousand won respectively. The main objective of the study was to identify the financial feasibility of the green house investment prevailed in rural area. At present, some farmers have selected the green house without any consideration of profitability of crops and accessiblity of their fanning practices and technology. For the soundness of green house cultivation and management, the indices of finacial efficiency for the modernized green houses were necessary. The decesion making criteria such as NPV(Net Present Value), IRR(Internal Rate of Return), B/C Ratio and Payback Period were analyzed for the individual high investment facilities considering the present farmer's technology and on-farm benefits and costs. The results of the feasibility analysis of green houses were as follows: 1. In case of 100% private burden of the investment costs, NPV revealed only positive value for the vinyl house with automatic system and IRR for the house was also estimated at more than 10% and B/C Ratio was amounted to more than 1.0. On the other hand, the other glass and PC houses showed negative NPV and unacceptable B/C ratio and IRR. 2. In case of the following terms and conditions as 50% Government subsidy, 20% loans and 30% farmers burden of the total investment cost, all the green houses showed acceptable IRR, B/C Ratio and NPV. 3. The financial feasibility of the glass house was acceptable in tomato cultivation rather than in cucumber cultivation. The payback periods of cucumber were represented as 8.9 years for glass house, 8.5 years for PC house and 4.1 years for vinyl house with automatic system respectively. In conclution, the glass and PC house cultivation of high value vegetables were only acceptable under the Goverment subsidy and loan systems from the view point of farmer's financial situations. On account of the unacceptable economic rate of return, the government subsidy and loan policy for glass house cultivation should be transfered to the vinyl and pc houses in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

This study aims to find out the change trend of the existing vacant houses in the small and medium sized farming city. And the using method of those houses is proposed in this paper. Especially to find out the change trend ratio of vacant houses in the case, the historic conservation area - Keumma village is selected as the research target area. To carry out this study, it was surveyed in 2013 when they were not designated as the special area first. And it is reviewed in 2017 when it is designated. The contents of the survey were their use, old age, structure, materials, color, roof of the main building and wall. they were surveyed by direct and interview survey. And thew were analyzed and synthesized. It is concluded that the 142 vacant houses in 2013 were declined 46houses in 2017. It is caused by the government support. And they will be declined continuously. The architectural statues of vacant houses between in 2013 and in 2017 are almost same in it's use, old age, structure, materials, color, roof of the main building and wall. In the use ratio of the vacant houses that of residence is most high, and that of warehouses, commerce are followed in turn. The reason of that statues is moving out is the first and the death of house holder, the difficulty of managing are followed. As the their re-use plan of owners, the selling is the first, constructing new buildings and the renovation them are followed. As the method of their use, re-use, community facilities, managing in the vacant houses bank are proposed. As the vacant houses are the reason of bad elements in the rural landscape in the farm village, the method of its improvement will be carried out.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

Korea is becoming a model country for the developing countries' agricultural and rural development. Drawing implications for Vietnam from Korea's experiences can help make development strategies and policies for other developing countries including North Korea as well as for Vietnam itself. Vietnam is facing an inefficiency in agricultural production and the gap between urban and rural growth has been widening. Farm sizes per household are small and farmlands are scattered. Diversification in rural industry is very restricted. To attack these problems, investment is urgently needed for rural infrastructure building as well as agricultural structure adjustment. In the process of rural development, there have been also encountered such problems as financial procurement, community's spontaneous participation, manpower development for adjusting to industrial structural change. Korea's experiences may be helpful for establishing rural development strategies and policies in Vietnam. Benchmark scopes can go beyond Saemaul Undong in 1970s. Korea's pre- and post-Saemaul Undong era as well as the Saemaul Undong era can be referred. In the wake of globalization, Vietnam has not only experienced compressed rapid economic growth but also encountered policy tasks to eradicate poverty, to realize self-reliance and income increase, and to lessen urban-rural development gap, at the same time. Korea's experiences show that priority needs to be put on the establishment of national and rural development strategies based on Vietnam-specific conditions, utilization of village's resources including community tradition and social capital, fund raising for rural development, farmland development and mobilization, production and living infrastructure building, technology transfer for farmers and vocational training for new job seekers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate asbestos handling history of workers at automobile manufacturing plants in Korea. Methods: National regulations on asbestos and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency(KOSHA) database on the information of asbestos containing products were reviewed. We investigated asbestos related materials from one automobile manufacturing plant. Material safety data sheets(MSDS) collected in 2010, work environment monitoring results reported from 2000 to 2013, trade union reports and asbestos survey reports were reviewed. We also interviewed workers with long career and did walk-through survey. Results: The Ministry of Labor in Korea has permitted asbestos manufacturing since 1990. In 1997, the use of crocidolite and amosite asbestos were banned. In 2007, the Korean government announced a total ban on the manufacturing, importation and use of all kinds of asbestos, which took full effect in 2009. A total of 174 asbestos products information from KOSHA database was analyzed. Extruded cement panel for building, special brake for crane farm machinery, gasket, joint sheet and thermal insulator were produced until 2007. From automobile manufacturing plant survey, we confirmed that asbestos containing materials(ACM) such as gasket, heating induction materials have been used until 2011. Asbestos containing building materials(ACBM) such as bamlites, slate and ceiling tex were reported at 122 asbestos dismantling projects in 2014. Conclusion: Although the use of all kinds of asbestos were banned from 2009, ACMs and ACBMs installed before 2009 were still found at automobile manufacturing plant until 2011 and 2014 respectively. In particular, asbestos slates should be managed because most of slates had not been removed until 2014.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Livestock odor is comprised of mixed type of odorous compounds. Among these, ammonia ($NH_3$) and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) are the two known major odor causing substances. Because high odor concentration reduces productivity of livestock and causes damage to the surrounding communities, quantitative analysis is needed to manage the odor inside and outside the livestock facilities. It is also necessary to evaluate odor dispersion according to the distance between the receptors taking into account the influence of odor source and weather condition. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the internal environment and odor dispersion from experimental pig house considering weather conditions. An experimental farm was specifically selected to eliminate the interference of odors generated by adjacent farms. $NH_3$ and complex odor were quantitatively analyzed using a gas detector and air dilution sensory method. The concentration of $NH_3$ and complex odor in pig house showed a distinct concentration difference according to the cleaning and ventilation conditions. $NH_3$ concentration and complex odor was lower than emission standard in the pig house and at the site boundary. The average $NH_3$ concentration (P1~P3) and the $NH_3$ concentration at the site boundary (S1) were strongly correlated with R=0.77. While the correlation for complex odor inside and at the site boundary had R=0.52. The correlation coefficient between $NH_3$ and the complex odor was 0.80.