• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2011

Pigments in the diet affect yolk colors. Due to variations in both the bioavailability of pigments in chickens and their amounts occurring in the feed ingredients, concern about egg quality arises in terms of yolk color. In this study, the effects of pigments, produced through cell culture in the laboratory, on yolk colors were determined for 4 weeks in laying hens receiving one of the 6 dietary treatments: control diets containing 1) no synthetic pigments (CON); 2) canthaxanthin (4 ppm) purchased from BASF (BASF); 3) cultured cells so that the diet had canthaxanthin at 4 ppm (CX); 4) cultured cells so that the diet had lycopene at 30 ppm (LP); 5) canthaxanthin (4 ppm) that was purified from cultured cells (SPCX); or 6) lycopene (30 ppm) that was purified from cultured cells. Relation between deposition of pigments into yolks and egg production was also tested. Yolk color of eggs from chickens fed dietary CX was significantly enhanced, which was slightly but significantly below that of BASF. Results from other treatments were lower than those of CX. Deposit rates of pigments into yolks were: BASF > CX > SPCX > LP > SPLP. The amounts of pigments, with the exception of SPLP, in feed were not changed during the storage for 4 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$. Egg production rates varied among treatments during the initial phase of the study but became relatively uniform at the later stage, except for CON and LP groups. The results of the present study indicate that the deposition of pigments into yolks is independent of egg production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1883-1895
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• 2018

Alcohol dependence is a global public health problem, yet the mechanisms of alcohol dependence are incompletely understood. The traditional view has been that ethanol alters various neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain and causes the addiction. However, an increasing amount of experimental evidence suggests that gut microbiota also influence brain functions via gut-to-brain interactions, and may therefore induce the development of alcohol use disorders. In this study, a rat model of alcohol dependence and withdrawal was employed, the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the metagenome function was predicted by PICRUSt software. The results suggested that chronic alcohol consumption did not significantly alter the diversity and richness of gut microbiota in the jejunum and colon, but rather markedly changed the microbiota composition structure in the colon. The phyla Bacteroidetes and eight genera including Bacteroidales S24-7, Ruminococcaceae, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, et al were drastically increased, however the genus Lactobacillus and gauvreauii in the colon were significantly decreased in the alcohol dependence group compared with the withdrawal and control groups. The microbial functional prediction analysis revealed that the proportions of amino acid metabolism, polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis and peroxisome were significantly increased in the AD group. This study demonstrated that chronic alcohol consumption has a dramatic effect on the microbiota composition structure in the colon but few effects on the jejunum. Inducement of colonic microbiota dysbiosis due to alcohol abuse seems to be a factor of alcohol dependence, which suggests that modulating colonic microbiota composition might be a potentially new target for treating alcohol addiction.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2016

When the queue length of congestion vehicles in tunnel fire is extended beyond tunnel length, the capacity of smoke control system needs to be increased in line with ventilation resistance. However, the vehicle queue length is not defined, so a rational equation is necessary in current fire prevention guideline. This study is intended to propose an equation to calculate the queue length considering the number of vehicles in queue in tunnel fire and evaluate the applicability by tunnel length as well. When it comes to normal tunnel, it is necessary to compare the vehicle queue length with tunnel length up to the length of 1,200 m in a bid to avoid applying the vehicle queue length excessively in case of fire. As a result of evaluation of applicability to model a tunnel, saving the number of jet fan for smoke control appeared to be effective. Besides, quantitative approach to explain the vehicle queue length through the relationship between the percentage of large vehicles and tunnel length was presented. Consequently, when the queue length of the congestion vehicles exceeds the tunnel length in determining the capacity of smoke control system in case of fire, the number of vehicles beyond the tunnel length needs to be excluded from estimating the ventilation resistance by vehicles.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3129-3132
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• 2014

Aims: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk variants for prostate cancer (pCa) mainly in Europeans, which need to be further verified in other racial groups. We selected six previously identified variants as candidates and to define the association with PCa in Northern Han Chinese. Methods: 749 subjects from Beijing and Tianjin in Northern China were included. Six variants (rs10505474, rs7837328, rs4242384, rs7813, rs486907 and rs1058205) were genotyped by high resolution melting (HRM) assays. The individual and cumulative contribution for of the risk of PCa and clinical covariates were analyzed. Results: Among the six candidate variants, onlyrs10505474, and rs7837328, both locating at 8q24 region, were associated with PCa in our population.rs10505474 (A) was associated with PCa ($OR_{recessive}=1.56$, p=0.006); and rs7837328 (A) was associated with PCa ($OR_{dominant}=1.38$, p=0.042/$OR_{recessive}=1.99$, p=0.003). Moreover, we observed a cumulative effects between them ($p_{trend}=2.58{\times}10^{-5}$). The joint population attributable risk showed the two variants might account for 71.85% of PCa risk. In addition, we found the homozygotes of rs10505474 (A) and rs7837328 (A) were associated with PCa clinical covariants (age at onset, tumor stage, respectively) ($p_{age}=0.046$, $P_{tumorstage}=0.048$). Conclusion: rs10505474 (A) and rs7387328 (A) at 8q24 are associated with PCa and cumulatively confer risk, suggesting the two variations could determine susceptibility to PCa in the Northern Chinese Han population.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.396-412
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• 2011

Multi-proxy analysis was used to produce a high-resolution paleoclimatic record from a thick section of the Holocene alluvial fan deposit in Gatap-ri, Buyeo. According to ${\delta}^{13}C$ analyses, five minor climate fluctuations can be determined. From the stage I to stage VI, climate changes are as follows: cool-dry, warm-humid, cool-dry, warm humid, drier than stage IV, and finally more humid environment than stage V. According to magnetic susceptibility records, four different stages can be identified, among which stage ii shows the highest susceptibility. Stage-i deposit is derived from sediments of back marsh-type wetland. Stage-ii and stage-iii deposits, however, show higher magnetic susceptibility because magnetite-enriched soil from weathered upland was transported to the area to form an alluvial fan deposits. Stage-iv deposit is comparable to the modern plow horizon.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.25-37
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to assume the particular area of hills where it is highly possible for historical site to be buried in the viewpoint of geomorphology and based on this to suggest excavation-recommended area. Namely, this writer is to understand the dwelling site type of ancient people who had resided there at that time for the object of 'Ohnju region urban development business site' (referred as investigation area hereinafter) and considering the characteristics of micro-landform of hills which are distributed in investigation area and is to recommend the area where it is highly possible for historical site to be buried. The result of analysis is like the following. (1) Dwelling site types of ancient people who might have resided in the whole area of investigation region are discovered to be largely 'low hills+wetland' of Type-I and 'alluvial fan(or river terrace+wetland' of Type-II. (2) In investigation area if the area which has high possibility of distribution of historical site namely, excavation-recommended area is looked as based on micro-landform unit of hills, they are Crest slope and Crest flat. Individual area ratios which Crest slope and Crest flat occupies in investigation area are 12.9% and 10.2% respectively and the rankings are 3 and 6 each. And excavation-recommended areas in valley plain(or bottomland) of investigation area are in the vicinity of 'distal end' or 'buried distal end'of small scale alluvial fan.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

Currently, the problem of food shortage is emerging in our society due to climate problems and an increase population in the world. As a solution to this problem, we propose a multi-remote control smart farm that combines artificial intelligence (AI) and information and communication technology (ICT) technologies. The proposed smart farm integrates ICT technology to remotely control and manage crops without restrictions in space and time, and to multi-control the growing environment of crops. In addition, using Arduino and deep-learning technology, a smart farm capable of multiple control through a smart-phone application (APP) was proposed, and Ai technology with various data securing and diagnosis functions while observing crop growth in real-time was included. Various sensors in the smart farm are controlled by using the Arduino, and the data values of the sensors are stored in the built database, so that the user can check the stored data with the APP. For multiple control for multiple crops, each LED, COOLING FAN, and WATER PUMP for two or more growing environments were applied so that the user could control it conveniently. And by implementing an APP that diagnoses the growth stage through the Tensor-Flow framework using deep-learning technology, we developed an application that helps users to easily diagnose the growth status of the current crop.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.453-460
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• 2022

As high-performance quantum computers are expected to be developed, studies are being actively conducted to build a post-quantum security system that is safe from potential quantum computer attacks. When the Grover's algorithm, a representative quantum algorithm, is used to search for a secret key in a symmetric key cryptography, there may be a safety problem in that the security strength of the cipher is reduced to the square root. NIST presents the post-quantum security strength estimated based on the cost of the Grover's algorithm required for an attack of the cryptographic algorithm as a post-quantum security requirement for symmetric key cryptography. The estimated cost of Grover's algorithm for the attack of symmetric key cryptography is determined by the quantum circuit complexity of the corresponding encryption algorithm. In this paper, the quantum circuit of the SCHWAEMM algorithm, AEAD family of SPARKLE, which was a finalist in NIST's lightweight cryptography competition, is efficiently implemented, and the quantum cost to apply the Grover's algorithm is analyzed. At this time, the cost according to the CDKM ripple-carry adder and the unbounded Fan-Out adder is compared together. Finally, we evaluate the post-quantum security strength of the lightweight cryptography SPARKLE SCHWAEMM algorithm based on the analyzed cost and NIST's post-quantum security requirements. A quantum programming tool, ProjectQ, is used to implement the quantum circuit and analyze its cost.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.180-188
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of e-service quality factors on customer satisfaction and behavior intention. This study also aims to examine the relationship between the variables of web site service quality variables (reliability, information, design, communication, entertainment, convenience), the customer satisfaction with web site, relationship intention and word of mouth intention. As the results, the study found that factors of web site service quality variables has a positive impact on customer satisfaction. And customer satisfaction also has a positive impact on relationship intention and word of mouth intention. At the same time, it was found that customer satisfaction had an effect on relationship intention through the mediation of word of mouth intention indirectly as well as directly. According to those results, marketing managers should develop different service strategies.