• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

The effects of operational conditions of cooling water system on energy consumption for central cooling system are researched by using TRNSYS program. Cooling tower water pump flow rate, cooling tower fan flow rate, and condenser water temperature with various dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures are varied and their effects on total and component power consumption are studied. If the fan maximum flow rates of cooling tower is decreased, cooling tower fan and total power consumptions are increased. If the cooling tower water pump maximum flow rates is decreased, chiller and total power consumptions are increased. If condenser water set-point temperature is increased, chiller power consumption is increased and cooling tower fan power consumption is decreased, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.908-912
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• 2013

Because of their longer operating times and larger size relative to conventional fans, the cooling fans mounted in buses consume larger amounts of energy. Most of the cooling fans mounted in a bus are connected to the engine by a viscous clutch. A viscous cooling fan's speed is determined by its fluid temperature, which is affected by the air flow through the radiator. The fan does not react immediately to the coolant temperature and in doing so causes unnecessary energy consumption. Therefore, the fuel economy of buses using viscous fans can be improved by changing to an electric cooling fan design, which can be actively controlled. In addition, electric power consumption is increased by using electric cooling fans. Thus, when electric fans are applied in conjunction with the alternator management system (AMS), the fuel economy is further enhanced. In this study, simulations were performed to predict coolant temperature and cooling fan speeds. Simulations were performed for both viscous and electric cooling fans, and power consumption was calculated. Additionally, fuel economy was calculated applying both the alternator management system and the electric cooling fan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.113-120
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• 2014

To ventilate indoor spaces, axial single-blade fans are widely used in various areas, such as schools, houses, offices, and restaurants. Recently, axial single-blade fans were developed to realize energy efficiency and noise reduction improvements. Here, an experimental study of the air flow characteristics of an axial dual-blade fan is conducted. The characteristics of the axial dual-blade fan were tested via an air flow analysis and with prototypes. For the performance of the fan, the flow rate, power consumption, and noise were evaluated. The result showed that the axial dual-blade fan uses less power and produces less noise in comparison with an axial single-blade fan.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2023

This study investigated whether the Point of attachment (POA) theory can be used to measure the consumption intention on go and watch offline eSports games. The admiration for players, social interaction, and on-site consumption requirements for viewing offline eSports competitions are prioritized. In addition, eSports fans in various regions may have distinct consumption concepts and consumption patterns. Thus, this study surveyed China (n = 156) and South Korea (n = 127) eSports fans who subjectively perceive themselves to be fans of eSports player(s) and who have observed at least one offline eSports game. The results demonstrate that player attraction and socialization have positive and significant effects on offline consumption factors. There is no correlation between previous consumption behavior and satisfaction, but dining shows a significant positive effect on satisfaction. Moreover, there is a strong relationship between satisfaction and future attendance intention. In addition, effect of eSports fan attachment on future visit intentions are measured and there is no correlation between the two variables. The front end of the path in the new model's varied between Chinese and Korean supporters. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

The operational conditions such as cooling tower water pump flow rate, cooling tower fan flow rate, and chiller capacity in heat source equipment, and supply air temperature and chilled water temperature in air conditioner are considered to study the effects on energy consumption for central cooling system by using TRNSYS program. As a result, the optimal values of supply air temperature and chilled water temperature for minimal total energy consumption are 12℃ and 8℃. And if maximum values of cooling tower water pump and fan flow rate is decreased from 100% to 40%, energy consumptions are increased 170MJ/day and 63.2MJ/day, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.914-922
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• 2004

In this study, measurement and analysis of energy consumption of a research building have been conducted. The energy audit procedure includes monitoring of electricity and LNG consumption over a period of three yews from 2000 to 2002. Data acquisition system for collecting energy consumption data of HVAC equipment such as chillers, fan filter units, AHUs, cooling towers, boilers, pumps, fan coil units, air compressors and etc. has been installed in a building located in Seoul. Data collected at an interval of 1 minute are analyzed for studying the energy consumption pattern of a research building. Percentage of energy consumption of all HVAC equipment is $51.0\%$ in 2000, $55.4\%$ in 2001, and $62.3\%$ in 2002, respectively. Electricity consumption of chillers accounts for $17.6\%$ of the total energy consumption, which is the largest. Annual energy consumption-rate per unit area is $840.5Mcal/m^2{\cdot}y$ in 2000, $1,064.8Mcal/m^2{\cdot}y$ in 2001, and $1,393.0Mcal/m^2{\cdot}y$ year 2002, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

Air flow and its pressure at electric fan according to three, four and five blades are analyzed in this study. As the number of blades increases at the same condition of specification, air tends to converge and becomes natural wind but higher power is consumed. And the velocity of wind is decreased as the space between winds becomes narrow. The turbulent flow is happened in the center of the body of revolution and the kinetic energy becomes largest in case of three blades. The pressure is decreased than atmospheric pressure from fan to outlet. As the number of blades increases, the pressure drop becomes smaller and is smallest in case of the fan with three blades. As the study result, The electric fan with three blades is thought to be effective in view of power consumption and design.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.434-443
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• 2014

A turbo fan engine performance analysis and the optimization using particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm have been conducted to investigate the effects of major performance design parameters of an aircraft gas turbine engine. The FJ44-2C turbofan engine, which is widely used in the small business jet, CJ2 has been selected as the basic model. The design parameters consists of the bypass ratio, burner exit temperature, HP compressor ratio, fan inlet mass flow, and nozzle cooling air ratio. The sensitivity analysis of the parameters has been evaluated and the optimization of the parameters has been performed to achieve high net thrust or low specific fuel consumption.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.575-582
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• 1988

This paper presents an energy analysis on the VAV system of 10-story building in Seoul using DOE-2 program and Modified Bin Method. The use of VAV system is an excellent means of saving energy in new buildings and/or retrofit. The fan control techniques considered are cycling, discharge dampers, inlet vanes, and motor speed control. The monthly and annual energy consumption is calculated for fan control techniques, components, and chiller types. The results of annual fan electricity use are compared using DOE-2 and Modified Bin Method, and show fairly good agreement. In addition, factors affecting energy consumption are also described.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.103-116
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• 2021

This research outlines the motivations behind the fan-lead marketing and promotional endeavours undertaken by musical group BTS's fan community, also known as ARMY. In highlighting the reciprocity in intimacy between the group and their fans, I argue that ARMY's desire to elevate BTS is embedded within structures of affect, despite the financial nature of the benefits the group and their company may reap. These fan-lead initiatives represent efforts towards a common goal, where success, whether it comes in the form of money or not, is a gift of gratitude and a show of mutual understanding from fans to BTS. Based on data from 22 interviews with fans, this research explores the motivations behind fan-lead marketing by looking at the affective properties of music consumption, the parasocial relationship, fan community dynamics, and the purchase of intimacy. Within these contexts, the promotion surrounding BTS's music, as organized by the fans, mimics profit-oriented behaviours but is ultimately a gesture towards the exchange of intimacy between fans and artist.