• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2019

Vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A (VDDR1A) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in CYP27B1. Clinical findings are growth retardation, hypotonia, muscle weakness, hypocalcemic seizures, and radiological features of rickets. We aimed to present the VDDR1A case with a genetic study of CYP27B1. The 14-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital due to a seizure. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25(OH) vitamin D, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D values were 5.1 mg/dL, 3.7 mg/dL, 705 IU/L, 429 pg/mL, 24.9 ng/mL, and 8.8 pg/mL, respectively. Radiological study showed cupping and fraying of the distal ulna and radius. The molecular genetic study revealed that the patient had a compound heterozygous mutation, $Phe443Profs^*24$ and c.589+1G>A, in CYP27B1. Genetic analysis of the family members presented that the mother was heterozygous for the mutation c.589+1G>A, and that the father was heterozygous for $Phe443Profs^*24$. The patient was treated with calcium lactate and calcitriol. Until now, six Korean patients with VDDR1A have been studied. Including this case, Korean patients with VDDR1A were found to have only three different mutations in 14 alleles, indicating that the mutation in the CYP27B1 gene is homogeneous in the Korean population.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1446-1454
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• 2021

Herein, we cloned and expressed an endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene (celA1805) from Bacillus subtilis B111 in Escherichia coli. The recombinant celA1805 contains a glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 8 domain and shared 76.8% identity with endo-1,4-β-glucanase from Bacillus sp. KSM-330. Results showed that the optimal pH and temperature of celA1805 were 6.0 and 50℃, respectively, and it was stable at pH 3-9 and temperature ≤50℃. Metal ions slightly affected enzyme activity, but chemical agents generally inhibited enzyme activity. Moreover, celA1805 showed a wide substrate specificity to CMC, barley β-glucan, lichenin, chitosan, PASC and avicel. The K_m and V_max values of celA1805 were 1.78 mg/ml and 50.09 µmol/min/mg. When incubated with cellooligosaccharides ranging from cellotriose to cellopentose, celA1805 mainly hydrolyzed cellotetrose (G4) and cellopentose (G5) to cellose (G2) and cellotriose (G3), but hardly hydrolyzed cellotriose. The concentrations of reducing sugars saccharified by celA1805 from wheat straw, rape straw, rice straw, peanut straw, and corn straw were increased by 0.21, 0.51, 0.26, 0.36, and 0.66 mg/ml, respectively. The results obtained in this study suggest potential applications of celA1805 in biomass saccharification.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.789-797
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• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN) are providers of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) to address health and chronic disease. Traditionally, RDNs have provided care in healthcare facilities including hospitals and private care facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine how RDN individualized MNT in the home impacted nutrition, physical activity, and food security. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis. The mean age of the participants (n = 1,007) was 51.6 years old with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 34.1 kg/m². Individualized MNT visits were delivered by an RDN in the home setting from January to December 2019. Participants were referred by healthcare professionals or self-referred. Participants had MNT benefits covered by their health insurance plan (43.3% Medicaid; 39.8% private insurance; 7.9% Medicare, 9% other). Health outcomes related to nutrition care were measured. Outcomes included self-reported consumption of nutrition factors and physical activity. Our secondary outcome focused on food security. The changes in weight, BMI, physical activity, and nutrition factors were analyzed by a linear regression model or linear mixed model, adjusting for age, sex, baseline value, and number of appointments. Food security was summarized in a 2 by 2 contingency table. RESULTS: Baseline values had significantly negative impacts for all changes and number of appointments was significant in the changes for weight and BMI. Increases in physical activity were significant for both female and male participants, 10.4 and 12.6 minutes per day, respectively, while the changes in weight and BMI were not. Regarding dietary factors, the consumption total servings per day of vegetables (0.13) and water (3.35) significantly increased, while the consumption of total servings of whole grain (-0.27), fruit (-0.32), dairy (-0.80) and fish (-0.81) significantly decreased. About 24% (of overall population) and 45% (of Medicaid population) reported improvements in food security. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that home visits were a useful setting for MNT delivered by RDNs. There is a strong need for individualized counseling to meet the participants' needs and personal goals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to understand factors of occupational ethics affecting occupational value and educational belief of preservice childcare teachers. In order to achieve this objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting a total of 270 preservice childcare teachers in A city. Study results found that preservice childcare teachers highly perceived the ethics in young children and family out of the occupational ethics, the intrinsic value out of the occupational value, and the maturism and interactionism out of the educational belief. Second, the occupational ethics, occupational value, and educational belief of preservice childcare teachers showed statistically significant correlations. Third, the occupational ethics of preservice childcare teachers had positive effects on the occupational value and educational beliefs. Based on these results, it is necessary to conduct diverse research studies for the formation of clear and appropriate occupational values and positive educational beliefs, so that childcare providers could perceive the importance of occupational ethics and provide high-quality childcare services.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.172-195
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• 2001

This research on the house folklore in China, Korea, and Japan is focusing on a kitchen God that is common in these three countries. This god originated in China and has subsequently influenced Korea and Japan. Today, all three countries use the same name of this kitchen god which is called Youngwang(竈王) as its name has been spelled in Chinese. In China, this kitchen god has been believed in two different ways. The Han people have developed their belief in Youngwang while another creed has been originated from other ethnic groups. Because of the particular house style with upper stories of ethnic groups in the southern and southeast areas of China, a kitchen fireplace is centered in the house. Han people in China also worship painted depictions of kitchen gods. And the ethnic groups believe it has three stone legs for a fire box. These differing beliefs has bad influenced on Korea and Japan. The kitchen god of Cheju island (off the south Korea coast) is believed to be almost the same as among the ethnic groups in China Interestingly, form of belief in the kitchen god in Okinawa (off the south coast of Japan) is almost identical as in the southern area of China Custom in China. Korea, and Japan regarding the kitchen god symbolized family values healing, initiating a new daughter-in-law to reveging the kitchen god, etc. are all the very similar. A fireplace and its fire are very important and, have many taboo, attached. Existing rich tales of kitchen gods are similar in the three countries. Moreover, people in the three countries, think that the clay or time plaster of the fireplace with bring good luck on New Year's eve. However, Korea kitchen god features one thing that is different from those China and Japan, that is that water symbolizes the kitchen god in Korea. A painted kitchen god as they are popular in China, has influenced only some Buddhist temples in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.588-594
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• 2021

SIMON, a lightweight block cipher developed by the US National Security Agency, is a family of block ciphers optimized for hardware implementation. It supports many kinds of standards to operate in various environments. The counter mode of operation is one of the operational modes. It provides to encrypt plaintext which is longer than the original size. The counter mode uses a constant(Nonce) and Counter value as an input value. Since Nonce is the identical for all blocks, so it always has same result when operates with other constant values. With this feature, it is possible to skip some instructions of round function by pre-computation. In general, the input value of SIMON is affected by the counter. However in an 8-bit environment, it is calculated in 8-bit units, so there is a part that can be pre-computed. In this paper, we focus the part that can be pre-calculated, and compare with previous works.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-57
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• 2013

Patricia Waugh once regarded modernism fiction as 'the struggle for personal autonomy' against the opposition existing social institutions and conventions. Michael Cunningham's characterizations of Virginia Woolf and Septimus in The Hours show the two contrasting reactions to individual alienation and mental dissolution in the modern era. As the personifications of endurance and self-destruction against the mechanical power of contemporary world, Woolf and Septimus consist of just the world of diptych where the woman's role is confined to the angel in the house. By creating Mrs. Brown based upon his own alienated mother image, however, Cunningham succeeds in representing the more dramatically vivid world of triptych where woman can have her own room and self-realization despite still facing the dilemma of the traditional family. Accepting Joycean Bloom's optimistic and relaxing way of life in part, Mrs. Brown connects the labyrinths between the author's (and also Richard's) alienation with the theme of celebration of the life. Clarissa in postmodern New York setting is still a concealed and mystified character. Similar to Mrs. Dalloway, on the one hand Clarissa watches other people's tragedy with compassion. Cunningham's Clarissa, on the other hand, is no longer seeking for either winning or defeat in the spectacular world unlike her predecessors. In many resilient attitudes of everyday life Clarissa is closest to Mrs. Brown whom Virginia Woolf originally hopes to describe. Without any fear or rage toward the society Clarissa witnesses and achieves "the humanity, humour, depth" of female values by successfully turning the trivial life into an epic journey.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.27-49
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• 2011

This article proposes to stay away from contemporary critical arguments concerning Michael's value system, which is construed mainly from his choice between his patrimonial lands and his son Luke. Presuming that Michael's value system as have been argued so far could never be the poet Wordsworth's own concern at the time of the composition of the poem "Michael," this article proposes to get back to the all too real socio-historical situation of the early nineteenth-century England. Mere consideration of the socio-historical situation, when combined with a close reading of the poetic text (a close reading of both the poetic story and the poetic history from which the story may be said to have been constructed), directs us to the poet working on the simple paradigm of 'the country and the city at war with each other' but the victory having been given to the city already. The guarantee contract for a supposedly prospering nephew's debt and the letter from another prospering relative in London are undoubtedly the key elements that lead us to the war paradigm. Michael's family members, each and all including Michael himself, and all of their village people, have been imbued with the city's commercial values, which renders them all the more easier victims within the war context. Luke's defeat in the city is viewed as being really the consequence, rather than the cause, of Michael's defeat, which became apparent as soon as the news of the latter's financial disaster reached his ear. Michael should therefore be regarded as one of the typical English countryfolk of the time, with whom Wordsworth often, but not always, identifies himself. Insofar as the economic view or attitude is concerned, there certainly is a distance between Michael and Wordsworth, this article argues.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2021

Bergenia ciliata (Family: Saxifragaceae) is a folklore remedy for the treatment of various ailments in Asian countries. Bergenin (1) has been isolated as an active constituent in many studies, however, the amount of bergenin has not been determined in all parts of the plant. A simple RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the amount of bergenin in methanol extracts of leaves, rhizomes and roots of the plant. Separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column maintained at 25 ℃ using isocratic solvent system (water: methanol: acetic acid; 62.5:37:0.5 v/v/v) adjusted at pH 2 0 at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. and detected at 275 nm. Correlation coefficient (0.9952) showed linearity of concentration (5-200 ㎍/mL) and response. The values of LOD (0.00947 ㎍/mL) and LOQ (0.02869 ㎍/mL) indicated that method was sensitive. The recovery of bergenin was 99.99-100% indicating accuracy of method. The methanol extract of rhizomes contained higher amount of bergenin (19.4%) than roots (9.2%) and leaves (6.9%). It is concluded that methanol extract of rhizomes is a better source of bergenin than other parts of the plant. The findings are useful for standardization of bergenin containing extracts and herbal preparations.

• CELLMED
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.16.1-16.7
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• 2021

Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in body which leads to death. These cells are born due to imbalance in cell proliferation mechanism. In 2018, WHO released new statistics on cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence worldwide i.e., GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates for 28 types of cancer in which more prevalence of cervix and breast cancer. According to survey, in India about 7.8 million cancer deaths and 11.5 million new cases arise in 2018, which will increase to 19.3 million new cases per year by 2025. Though breast cancer as such is not explained anywhere in Ayurvedic compendia, correlations can be done with the Stana Arbuda. Ayurveda, the ancient system of medicine came into existence 1000's of years ago with an objective of maintaining the health of people and treating diseases. Many herbs used in Ayurveda have been screened for activity against cancer and in-vitro and in-vivo studies have given promising leads. The plant, called as "Mother of Medicine", Haritaki has been extensively studied for its various ailments because of its extraordinary healing potency. Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Family: Combretaceae have a great therapeutic value and is widely distributed in India. Dried fruit of Terminalia chebula contains high quantities phenolic compounds consist of ellagic acid, gallic acid and chebulic acid. The fruit extract of T. chebula is having different biological properties like anticancer, antioxidant, hepatic and renal protective activities etc. In this study, we focus on the use of CO₂ extract of Terminalia chebula, on the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. All tests proved that CO₂ extract of Terminalia chebula containing active chemical component, therefore our experiment showed the positive results for CO₂ extract of Terminalia chebula against breast cancer cell line cancer MDA-MB-231. The MTT assay results were used to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of the extract. The percentage of cell growth and cell viability were calculated from tabulated result values of MTT assay. Cell viability MTT assay also showed significant growth inhibition, at the same time statistical analysis of MTT assay also proved significant results.