• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of residential architecture designed by Gwathmey Siegel in terms of their way of composing spaces and forms. Charles Gwathmey, one of the founders of Gwathmey Siegel, is a worldly famous architect who actively developed Neo-Modernistic architecture in his career. For this study, 15 major houses designed by Gwathmey Siegel were selected and analyzed in terms of their approaches on how to compose various spaces and forms, and how these approaches evolved as time passed. The analysis was mainly based on the drawings and photos of the houses published. The main characteristics found in this study can be summarized as follows: elevated LDK level, split-level composition, use of framing structure, layered space, and linear galleries as a spine of circulation with collaged volumes attached. It turned out these characteristics appeared, faded away, or evolved affecting each other. In early days, Gwathmey often elevated LDK level from ground level for providing privacy, views, and also for separating private rooms. Soon they composed spaces by splitting levels. It not only helped provide privacy where needed effectively, but made space composition more interesting. As sizes of the houses they designed grew, Gwathmey came up with the framing idea for expressing his original architectural language in larger scale. With the split-level composition, the framing method represented Gwathmey's in 70's. This framing introduced layers of interior spaces, and the layers started to break down the monumental framing into individual volumes by bringing in linear spine of circulation. These characteristics helped Gwathmey Siegel develop their own architectural language.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2018년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.409-410
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• 2018

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases and can be affected by environmental factors. It has been reported that exposure to indoor environmental factors can cause infantile asthma during infancy and childhood, but the previous studies are not yet clear. Climate change has recently been shown to increase indoor mold. Exposure to fungi is known to be directly related to the development of aggravation. Methods: This study was conducted from July 20, 2016 to September 30, 2016. The study was conducted on 90 household with children under the age of 7 who attend atopy school. The questionnaire surveyed allergic symptoms, social and demographic characteristics, and environmental characteristics. Environmentally hazardous substances were measured such as temperature, humidity, fine dust, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, bacteria, fungus, house dust mite, endotoxin. Results: According to the survey results, 9 patients (10%) were treated with asthma, 6 (6.7%) were asthmatic patients during the past 12 months, and 4 patients (4.4%) were asthmatic patients during the past 12 months. There were statistically significant differences in the direct effect of smokers in the family (P=0.0328). High-filter vacuum cleaners collected $0.4222CFU/m^3$ in subjects without asthma, and $0.2222CFU/m^3$ in subjects with asthma. In addition, various results confirmed that asthma exacerbated by mold exposure. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that exposure to fungal by infants and toddlers may play an important role in the development of asthma. In this study, we investigated the relationship between asthma and fungal concentration.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제19권
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• pp.41-51
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• 1979

Since 1971 when the nation wide 'New Community' movement was launched to improve rural standards of living, dol and thatched-roof houses have been reshaped or removed, thereby making it hard to find time-honored people's living structures in the countryside. Since 1977, the improvement work of rural houses has started throughout the country, so many new rural residences have been constructing along the highway, main roads, railways and around the sightseeing area, New rural houses do not show, for the most part, the traditional architectural style and the nation's unique conventional ways of living. The writer tried to find solutions to the problems derived from improvement work of rural residence, in a comparative method of traditional rural houses and newly constructed rural ones. The greater part of new rural houses' types, painting colors, and fence types had been recommended by provincial administrative trative officials. Officials recommended them to the farmer with their standards, which did not consider farmer's convenience of traditional way of life, but a fine sight from the highways or railways. Korea's three basic roof types are the HAPKAK roof (gabled and hipped), the UCHINKAK roof(hipped), and the BAKKOONG roof(gabled). However, the gabled roof houses, having their entrance on the gabled side, are found more ofter in new rural village. As mentioned above, architectural style is not harmonious with the topography and climate i Korea, because it is not Korean traditional type, but one of the western styles. And new rural house plans are inconvenient in the conservation rural family system, because of the same category with urban houses plans. Other problems derived from ton-traditional architecture style are roof painting in 4-5 colors in a new village, types of wall and fence, and attached building in the site.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.789-797
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• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDN) are providers of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) to address health and chronic disease. Traditionally, RDNs have provided care in healthcare facilities including hospitals and private care facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine how RDN individualized MNT in the home impacted nutrition, physical activity, and food security. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis. The mean age of the participants (n = 1,007) was 51.6 years old with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 34.1 kg/m². Individualized MNT visits were delivered by an RDN in the home setting from January to December 2019. Participants were referred by healthcare professionals or self-referred. Participants had MNT benefits covered by their health insurance plan (43.3% Medicaid; 39.8% private insurance; 7.9% Medicare, 9% other). Health outcomes related to nutrition care were measured. Outcomes included self-reported consumption of nutrition factors and physical activity. Our secondary outcome focused on food security. The changes in weight, BMI, physical activity, and nutrition factors were analyzed by a linear regression model or linear mixed model, adjusting for age, sex, baseline value, and number of appointments. Food security was summarized in a 2 by 2 contingency table. RESULTS: Baseline values had significantly negative impacts for all changes and number of appointments was significant in the changes for weight and BMI. Increases in physical activity were significant for both female and male participants, 10.4 and 12.6 minutes per day, respectively, while the changes in weight and BMI were not. Regarding dietary factors, the consumption total servings per day of vegetables (0.13) and water (3.35) significantly increased, while the consumption of total servings of whole grain (-0.27), fruit (-0.32), dairy (-0.80) and fish (-0.81) significantly decreased. About 24% (of overall population) and 45% (of Medicaid population) reported improvements in food security. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that home visits were a useful setting for MNT delivered by RDNs. There is a strong need for individualized counseling to meet the participants' needs and personal goals.

• 영미문화
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-57
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• 2013

Patricia Waugh once regarded modernism fiction as 'the struggle for personal autonomy' against the opposition existing social institutions and conventions. Michael Cunningham's characterizations of Virginia Woolf and Septimus in The Hours show the two contrasting reactions to individual alienation and mental dissolution in the modern era. As the personifications of endurance and self-destruction against the mechanical power of contemporary world, Woolf and Septimus consist of just the world of diptych where the woman's role is confined to the angel in the house. By creating Mrs. Brown based upon his own alienated mother image, however, Cunningham succeeds in representing the more dramatically vivid world of triptych where woman can have her own room and self-realization despite still facing the dilemma of the traditional family. Accepting Joycean Bloom's optimistic and relaxing way of life in part, Mrs. Brown connects the labyrinths between the author's (and also Richard's) alienation with the theme of celebration of the life. Clarissa in postmodern New York setting is still a concealed and mystified character. Similar to Mrs. Dalloway, on the one hand Clarissa watches other people's tragedy with compassion. Cunningham's Clarissa, on the other hand, is no longer seeking for either winning or defeat in the spectacular world unlike her predecessors. In many resilient attitudes of everyday life Clarissa is closest to Mrs. Brown whom Virginia Woolf originally hopes to describe. Without any fear or rage toward the society Clarissa witnesses and achieves "the humanity, humour, depth" of female values by successfully turning the trivial life into an epic journey.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제49호
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• pp.261-295
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• 2012

삼청동(三淸洞)은 서울에서 가장 아름다운 경치를 자랑하는 곳으로, 왕실의 인물로부터 일반 평민들까지 남녀노소 가리지 않고 누구나 와보고 싶어 하는 곳이었다. 이로 인해 많은 공적인 회합과 사적인 모임이 이곳에서 많이 이루어졌다. 또한 이곳은 과거 도교 제사를 관장하였던 소격서(昭格署)가 있던 곳이라 이에 대한 조선조 지식인들의 관심이 시작품 속에 남게 된다. 삼청동은 아름다운 풍광으로 인해 많은 시인들의 시심을 자극하여, 이곳을 기반으로 한 문학작품 창작이 활발히 이루어졌다. 양반 뿐 아니라 중인, 여항시인들의 시회가 삼청동에서 빈번히 열렸고, 그 시회의 결과가 책으로 나오게 되었다. 현대의 우리가 기억해야 할 삼청동의 이미지로는 첫째, 도교 제사를 관장했던 소격서로 인해 신비롭고 신성한 이미지가 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 삼청동은 궁궐과 관청, 그리고 양반가와 인접하여 엄숙함과 규율성을 가진 고급문화의 이미지이다. 셋째, 삼청동은 휴식과 예술적 교류가 있었던 문학 창작지로서 문학사적으로도 의미 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.83-101
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• 1981

Under the full consideration of the growing need and importance of population education in the field of home economics in Korea, the study was carried out to verify and assess the following facts on the current issues of population education of home economists who are presently engaging in teaching professions as the teachers of middle and high school and professors of college and universities by setting its primary objectives of the study as followings; 1) to assess the degree of general knowledge and attitudes of home economists toward population education in the field of home economics, 2) to verify the problems encountered in implementing population education by home economists in its field, 3) to find an existing status of previous trainings received and other activities of population education of home economists aimed at utilizing these findings as a part of reference materials when the population education is conducted in the field of home economics. In order to attain these objectives described above, the questionnaire was carefully designed to house a total of 40 questions with good combination of multiple-choice and the simple answer questions. The mail questionnaire survey was conducted by establishing teachers of home economics at middle/high schools and college/universities as Senior Home Economists(SHE) who are from public, private liberal arts and vocational schools. The rate of response observed during the survey was 45.6 percent and the findings of the survey research are as follows: 1) Examining the status of the respondents by residence and religion, it was found that 45 percent of middle & high school teachers ar.d 59. 1 percent of college professors are residing in Seoul city area and that the largest percent of them are christian in their religion. Analyzing respondents by their ages, 56 percent of middle/high school teachers are in their 30s, 45 percent of college professors are in their 40s, and 37 percent of college teachers are in their 30s. In addition, 13 percent of the total respondents are found to be unmarried. The study also revealed that 71 percent of the college professors finished Master Degree course and 82 percent of middle/high school teachers are graduated from college level lasting 4 years. Looking over the status cf major fields of respondents, 68.4 percent of middle/high school teachers are specialized in home economic education and the college professors, on the other hand, show relatively even prortion by specializing in the order of food & nutrition science, clothes & textile science and home managerial science. As far as the length of teaching experience is concerned, a relatively longer period of teaching experience is observed in the college professors in comparison with that of middle/high school teachers. In other words, 33.3 percent of middle/high school teachers are experienced in teaching from 6 to 10 years on average while 43.9 percent of college professors show more than 16 years of experience. 2) Examining the status of existing number of children cf the respondents, one boy and one daughter pattern is predominant, showing 28.5 percent in middle/high school teachers and 21.1 percent in college professors. As for the desired number of children of unmarried respondents, it is observed that 43.8 percent of middle/high school teachers desire to have one boy and one girl, and 31.3 percent of college professors want to have one child regardless of the sex. By assessing the degree of awareness of the population education through their students, it is observed that 53 percent of middle/high school teachers and 50 percent of college professors are aware of population education in some extent and that a majority of respondents took the positive attitudes toward an inclusion of family planning components into the formal school education. Another noteworthy to observe is that a total of 84.8 percent out of middle/high school teachers pointed that the population education currently conducted at schools as a part of home economics are less sufficient than it should be. 3) Analyzing the tendency as to whether the respondents were experienced in receiving population education during the time when they were students, 75 percent of college professors and 59 percent of middle/high school teachers responded negative answers in the survey. In the mean time, a total of 50 percent of the respondents replied that they began to acknowledge the importance of population education mainly through the participation of some sort of population-education orientend seminars, experienced by 40 percent of college professors and 80 percent of middle/high school teachers. 4) What it calls attention in this study was to find that 96.5 percent of middle/high school teachers and 72 percent of college professors conduct population education to some extent during their lecture hours and that more than 80 percent of them are never experienced in teaching population and family planning contents in their regular classes. It is, on the other hand, found that no more than once was the response of those who believe themselves that they are experienced in teaching these relevant components to their students. Analyzing the contents of the subjects being taught in the class, a large percent of them are found to be consisted of population and family planning contents. According to this study, the current population education through the formal school is quite inactive. Analyzing the facts, 44.9 percent of the college professors responded that the population and family planning components are quite apart from their specialization which eventually generates lack of interest in the field. 5) It is also noticed through the study that the degree of frequency of commenting on population and family planning contents during the classes was depending significantly on their specializations which means that the degree of frequency varies from a major to another. Those who majored in home managerial science was the first one, as compared to others who majored in different specializations. Glancing over the status of correlations between ages of the respondents and numbers of seminar paticipation, it is quite clear that the aged group participated more than the younger group did, and that the most highest number of participations made by college professors were those who are in 50s. In addition, it is also found that those who are aged 20s and 60s of the respondents were the group who comments least on the contents of population and family planning at their classes. The suggestions and recommendation made through this survey research are as follows. 1) No one denies that the rapid increase of population, as compared to the limited size of land and resources, will certainly affect adversly to an enhancement of individual life quality which will, eventually, bring forth the poverty of the nation. This is the reasson why we are insisting that the world population be controlled up to an optimum level with a matter of global concerns. It is our understading that the primary aim for reducing number of population is believed to be attained only by conducting the systematic and comprehensive population education through the formal schools. Therefore, the role of home economists in the field of population/family planning education is considered very importment due to the fact that an ultimate goal of population education is placed in elevating the quality of family life by having optimum number of children through family planning program. 2) It is quite clear that home economists as teachers of formal school in all level are invited to pay their attention on redefining the ultimate goal of education and that of population education. We also understant that the primary objective of population education is to change the norm and value of the clients by replenishing the students with pertinent knowledge and attitudes on population and its related problems through a sort of education in order to attain the ultimate goal for enhancing the quality of life. There is no exception in the theory of home economics. An altimate goal of home economics is to elevate the general quality of life through an establishment of value existed in daily life. Considering the relations between population education and home economics, it is quite indespensable to bandle population components as an integral part in the field of home economics. We believe, therefore, that the senior home economists positive participation in the effort population control is more needed than it has been. 3) It is also strongly urged that population education should be a part of instructor training course for home economics. In other words, the teacher of home economics should be well aware of population and its problems by teaching interrelationship between population education and home economics, needs, contents and methods of population education during the instructor training courese for home economics. In addition, the senior home economists should be encouraged through positive participation on the short term training by types of domestic and international seminar, workshop, etc. 4) We certainly believe that the population education can not sustain itself without any backing-up of information and findings' of various and comprehensive researches of natural and social sciences. Accordingly, every senior home economist is invited to exert their maximum effort to conduct systematic study with an aim to utilize these findings and information at best in population education in the field of home economics. Therefore, we consider that the development of training material is imminent in order to provide effective and efficient population education through the for training of home economies. It should be noted that these training materials must be carefully designed, tailored and developed to meet the different classes of trainees under the considerations as to whether it is easily adaptable and infusable into the curricula of every field of home economics, and it is acceptable in the degree of difficulty and quality in its contents. 5) It is true that there are many domestic and international research rapers, reports and findings in the field of population education and family planning. However, there is a tendency that the most of research papers are heavily relying on the authors intension and preferences in its expression and publication. Under these circumstances, it is urged that the home economists should aware of the growing need of the technical training in order to keep these available information and research findings reprocessed and redesigned to insure the practical application into the population education in the field of home economics in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2004

연구목적：아동기에 경험한 심각한 정신적 외상은 외상후 스트레스 장애(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder；PTSD) 증상을 야기할 뿐 아니라, 전반적인 심리 발달에도 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 특히 정신적 외상은 학령전기 아동의 정신적 표상에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 향후 인격형성에 문제를 일으킬 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 한차례의 심한 정신적 외상을 경험한 9명의 학령전기 아동들의 심리적 표상이 어떻게 형성되어 있는지를 조사하여 이들의 정신적 문제를 진단적 범주 차원을 넘어 내면의 심리적 차원의 이해를 높이고자 하였다. 방 법：유치원 점심시간에 침입한 정신질환자에게 칼로 심한 신체적 상해를 입은 동일한 한 차례의 심한 정신적 외상을 경험한 만 $3{\sim}5$세 아동 9명(남아 6명, 여아 3명)을 대상으로, 사고 발생 1개월 경과 후 신체적 상해를 치료한 시점에서 심리적 평가를 시행하였다. 평가는 부모 면담, 아동에 대한 정신의학적 면담 및 관찰, 아동에 대한 심리평가(지능검사, House-Tree-Person test；HTP, MacArthur Stem Story Battery；MSSB) 등이 포괄적으로 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서는 아동의 정신적 표상을 반영하는 MSSB, HTP 검사 결과를 분석하였다. 결 과：9명의 아동은 모두 진단(5명이 PTSD 진단에 해당됨)과 상관없이 보편적으로 외상 경험과 관련되어 보이는 높은 불안감, 우울감, 위축과 회피 등의 감정 반응을 주로 나타내었는데, 이런 반응들은 부모 보고에 의한 평가에서는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 특히 병원 치료에 대한 공포, 사고에 대한 재현, 공격적 주제, 양육자와의 이별 등의 내용이 아동의 그림이나 이야기 속에서 자주 나타났으며 이런 내용은 직접적 질문이나 대화에서는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 결 론：본 연구에서 한번의 심각한 외상 경험을 한 학령 전기 아동들은 PTSD 진단 여부와 관계없이, 전반적 정신적 표상으로 외상과 관련된 부정적 정서 경험과 사고 내용을 보였다. 따라서 향 후 심한 정신적 충격을 받은 학령전기 아동들의 경우 PTSD 증상 뿐 아니라 사고로 야기된 부정적 정신적 표상에 대한 평가와 개입이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제70호
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• pp.435-466
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• 2018

사옹원(司饔院) 분원(分院)의 공인(貢人)이었던 지규식이 1891년 1월 1일부터 1911년 윤6월 29일까지 20년 7개월에 걸쳐 거의 매일 쓴 "하재일기(荷齋日記)"에는 국내외 정세와 풍속, 의례, 분원 관련 각종 제반사항, 일상생활사 등을 다방면에 걸쳐 다양하게 기록으로 남기고 있다. 특히 지규식의 신분은 양반계층이 아닌바, 이 같은 신분으로 쓴 일기는 흔치 않다. 그런데 필자가 여기서 주목하는 것은 "하재일기"에 기록된 의례, 그 중에서도 관 혼 상 제례 관련 내용이다. 지규식은 양반이 아닌 신분으로 당시 실제로 행했던 관 혼 상 제례 관련 내용을 "하재일기"에 기록으로 남겼는바, 이러한 일기는 매우 드물 뿐만 아니라 자료적으로도 그 가치가 매우 높이 평가된다. 특히 19세기 말~20세기 초의 관 혼 상 제례의 일면을 엿볼 수 있어 여기에 초점을 맞추었다. 관례의 경우, 일반적으로 정월에 행했는데, 이 시기에는 시행시기의 다변화된 모습을 엿볼 수 있다. 이는 일부 양반가도 예외는 아니었다. 혼례의 경우, 혼사를 논의할 때 개화되어 가는 과정 때문에 그런 것인지는 몰라도 파기하는 경우가 종전보다 흔했던 것으로 보인다. 그리고 택일도 신부 집에서 정했던 것은 아니었던 것 같다. 그리고 중인들이나 평민들의 경우, 신부 집에서 혼례를 치렀지만, 부득이 한 경우에는 신랑 집에서 혼례를 치루기도 했던 것으로 보인다. 지규식 자녀들의 혼례는 전통적 절차를 비교적 충실하게 밟고 있었지만, 양가의 형편과 사정에 따라 유동적으로 적용한 것으로 보인다. 전통적 예법을 무시한 채, 상중에 혼례를 치르거나 신부를 데려와 신랑 집에서 혼례를 거행한 것은, 근대화 과정에서 외래 종교 및 외래문화의 유입과 이식, 일제의 식민통치, 특히 유교적 사회질서 쇠퇴 등도 연관성이 있는 것으로 보인다. 그리고 이 시기에는 이혼도 종전보다 흔했던 것 같다. 상례의 경우, 임종에서 발인하여 하관까지의 기간이 다양한바, 종전보다 다소 변화된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 사대부도 보통 임종서 발인까지 3개월인데, 여기서는 7일인바 이를 안 지키는 양반가도 있었던 것으로 보인다. 그리고 오늘날 일반적으로 행하는 3일장과 초우 재우 삼우제의 흔적을 "하재일기"에서 찾을 수 있는바, 위의 자료들은 그 가치가 매우 높이 평가된다. 제례의 경우, 제사 시간이 일정하지 않았을 뿐만 아니라, 지규식은 기제사를 지내기 전에 재계(齋戒)를 안 했으며, 심지어 제사 전날 술집에 가서 애인을 만나거나 또는 술을 마시기도 하였다. 당시 양반사대부가 하고는 다소 차이를 보이고 있다. 그런데 지규식은 기독교에 입교하고 나서도 기제사를 지냈으며, 천도교에 입교한 후에도 제사를 지냈다. 한편, 지규식은 특별한 경우를 제외하고는 한식과 추석 때 직접 또는 동생이나 아들들을 보내 묘소에 가서 차례(묘제)를 지내게 했다. 그렇다고 지규식이 10월에 묘제를 지냈다는 기록은 찾아볼 수 없다. 그리고 지규식은 돌아가신 아버지를 대상으로 지내는 생일제사를 생신차례라고 하여 거의 매년 지냈다. 그런데 생신차례와 제사를 별개로 지낸 적도 있어 특이하다. 신분제도가 철폐되고 일제가 강점할 무렵의 경기도 광주지역 중인출신 집안의 기제사, 차례와 묘제, 생신차례를 지내는 모습은 양반가의 제례 관행보다는 약간 다르고 덜 엄격하지만, 양반이 아닌 집안의 제례라는 점에서 그 의의가 크다고 하겠다. 이상에서 보듯, "하재일기"에 나타난 관 혼 상 제례의 내용은 자료적으로 그 가치가 매우 높을 뿐만 아니라 민속학적으로도 의미가 크다고 하겠다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2008

질산과 인산의 수직이동성에 대한 토양특성의 영향을 구명하고자 비가림 하우스에서 소형라이시메터(지름 300 mm, 토양깊이 450 mm) 시험을 수행하였다. 대상토양은 농경지 세 지점으로부터 표토 0~20cm를 채취한 후 이 토양의 풍건세토분획을 이용하여 수행하였다: mesic family of Typic Dystrudepts (토양 A, 사양토, 유기물함량 1.4%); mixed, mesic family of Typic Udifluvents (토양 B, 양토, 유기물함량 2.6%); 시설재배토양(토양 C, 사양토, 유기물함량 5.6%). 2주 동안 안정화시킨 토양의 표면에 질소와 인을 $150kg\;urea-N\;ha^{-1}$ 과 $100kg\;KH_2PO_4-P_2O_5\;ha^{-1}$ 만큼 처리하고, 65일 동안 7번 관수(총관수량 213 mm, 약 1 pore volume)하며 주기적으로 깊이 10, 20, 30 cm의 토양용액과 용탈액을 채취하여 질산과 인산농도를 분석하였다. 총 용탈액량은 토양 C > 토양 A > 토양 B 순으로 질산 용탈량, 토양 B > 토양 A > 토양 C 과 역의 관계를 가졌다. 토양 A와 B에서는 요소처리 후 깊이 10 cm에서 토양용액 중 질산 농도 증가가 뚜렷이 나타난 반면, 토양 C에서는 나타나지 않았다. 토양 B의 높은 질산이동성은 상대적으로 높은 점토함량으로 음전하를 띤 교질의 음이온배척과 느린 수분흐름으로 물의 머무름시간이 길어 토양매트릭스 질산의 추출을 촉진하기 때문으로 볼 수 있었다. 반면 토양 C는 질산의 이동성이 낮게 나타났다. 이는 유기물 함량이 높아 생기는 발수성으로 선택류와 질산의 미생물 부동화 때문으로 추정할 수 있었다. 인산용탈은 질산과 달리 인포화도가 가장 높은 토양 C에서만 검출되었다. 토양용액 중 인산농도는 인포화도의 순서와 동일하게 토양 C > 토양 B의 순서였고 토양 A에서는 검출되지 않았다. 따라서 인산의 이동성은 인포화도에 의해 크게 영향을 받으며, 일정 수준으로 축적될 때 까지는 용탈손실은 나타나지 않는다고 판단할 수 있었다.