• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1994

In order to find out the frequencies of symptoms and the relations between the symptoms and working hours, the numbers of spraying pesticides authors investigated 145 farmers(96 male, 49 female persons) from 6 Myon's of 3 Gun's in Kyeongnam Province. The results were as follows; 1. The most frequent farming years were 1-5 years, fruits were the most common, and working hours were over 9 hours in 41.4%. The commonly used pesticides were insecticides, herbicides, herbicides in order. Only 52.4% of the farmers used masks, and 69.0% bathed after spraying pesticides. 2. The most common symptoms being complained were sweating, lumbago, shoulder pain, dizziness, headache, fatigue, decreased vision, weight loss, dyspnea and nausea in order. 3. Dizziness was more common in younger ages and decreased vision was more common in elder ages. Dyspnea and shoulder pain were more common in female farmers. 4. The more longer the working hours, the more complained indigestion, lumbago, shoulder pain and nausea. The more faster came into vinyl-house after spraying pesticides, the more common fatigue and dizziness. 5. The farmers who sprayed more pesticides complained headache, dyspnea, weight loss. 6. Vinyl house workers who worked more than 7 hours complained headache, nausea, decreased vision, lumbago more frequently than who worked less than 6 hours. 7. The farmers who entered in 1-2 hours after spraying pesticides complained fatigue more frequently than those entered after 3 hours. 8. Vinyl house workers without using masks complained dizziness and dyspnea more commonly than those using masks. But headache was more common among those using masks contrary to expectation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2012

Vilhelm Wohlert is the Danish architect who designed Louisiana Museum of Modern Art near Copenhagen. Because of Louisiana Museum's popularity, Vilhelm Wohlert's name was started to be aware since 1990s. Although he is a well-known architect in Denmark, unfortunately his name is unknown in other countries. He designed various design projects from small scale furniture design to large scale museum and public projects. There are three programmatic categories in his architecture: exhibition programs including Louisiana Museum, residential program including private houses, and public programs including churches and schools. This thesis focuses on his residential design projects. Even though he designed a multi-family houses, Wohlert's house design consists of mainly one-off large private houses located in a nice natural environment. In chapter 3, the general history of his house projects was studied. Among them, the first exhibition house for Forum was explained more deeply to show Wohlert's early house design philosophy. In chapter 4, three built house projects were analyzed in detail. Analytical diagrams were used to show the key elements in the residential space. They are program composition, circulation, spatialization elements, final construction. His buildings have been compared with Alvar Aalto, Frank Lloyd Wright, and other Scandinavian architects. But there are some major differences that make Wohlert's design unique. In chapter 5, the case analysis results were summarized together to highlight the specific design characteristics found in Wohlert's residential design process. The universal spatial quality found in his residential projects can be applied in contemporary spatial designs.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.213-240
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• 2017

청년들의 독립에 있어 가족의 역할이 어느 때보다 중요하게 여겨지고 있는 현실 속에서 본 연구는 가족자원이 취약한 청년들에게 가족자원의 부재가 독립 이행 실패에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 노숙이라는 독립 이행의 극단적 실패를 경험하고 있는 청년 8명의 심층 인터뷰를 분석하였다. 구체적으로 지지체계로서의 가족, 독립의 계기, 독립의 과정, 독립의 위기상황이라는 주제(theme)에 대해 공통된 패턴을 찾는 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 청년들은 독립의 디딤돌 역할을 해 줄 가족 지원체계가 없었고, 가족으로부터 어떠한 동력도 얻지 못한 채 준비 없이 독립을 시작하였으며, 독립의 과정에서도 경제적, 정신적으로 버거운 홀로서기의 과정을 겪었다. 또한 이러한 과정에서 독립의 위기상황은 청년들이 버틸 수 없는 상황에서 처하도록 하였다. 위기상황에서 가족이라는 안전망도 존재하지 않았고 이들이 노숙이라는 상황에까지 추락할 수밖에 없었다. 이러한 가족 지원의 부재상황은 청년의 독립에 있어 가족의 역할과 자원이 성인기 독립 이행에 중요한 영향을 미침을 반사실적으로 보여준다고 할 수 있으며, 지지체계가 부재하거나 취약한 청년들의 성인기 이행에 있어 공적 지원체계가 절실함을 말해준다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 취약한 청년들을 돕기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1341-1359
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• 2009

본 연구는 급속한 사회 구조적 변화로 인해 노인에 대한 가족부양의 문제점이 대두되는 바, 가족부양 갈등의 양상을 박완서 소설을 중심으로 연구하고 사회의식 속에서 부양 의식이 어떤 형태로 나타나 있는가를 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 1970년대부터 2006년까지 지면을 통해 발표된 단편 92편을 읽고 그 중에서 노인부양 문제를 담고 있는 작품을 선정하였다. 노인의 가족부양 문제를 다루고 있는 작품은 <포말의 집>, <집 보기는 그렇게 끝났다>, <황혼>, <천변풍경>, <지 알고 내 알고 하늘이 알건만>, <오동의 숨은 소리여>, <환각의 나비>, <길고 재미없는 영화가 끝나갈 때>, <촛불 밝힌 식탁> 등으로 9편이다. 연구의 분석틀은 질적 연구방법 중 소설에 대한 내용분석이다. 분석단위는 소설 속의 노인부양 문제를 다루고 있는 문장으로 부양 문제를 다루는 서술이나 대화가 나오는 문장이 있으면 그것을 하나의 분석단위로 채택하였다. 작품 속의 주 부양자를 분석한 결과 다른 부양자의 도움없이 부부들이 건강하게 서로 도우며 함께 지내는 작품은 1개이고, 질병으로 배우자인 여성 노인의 부양을 받고 있는 작품도 1개, 배우자와 사별하고 딸의 부양을 받고 있는 작품은 2개, 며느리의 부양을 받고 있는 작품이 5개로 가장 많았다. 부부나 배우자 부양시는 자녀들과의 간접적인 갈등 양상이 드러났고, 딸의 부양시는 아들 자신의 정서적, 심리적 부양 갈등이 심했으며 며느리의 부양을 받고 있는 작품에서는 부양자와 피부양자 간의 갈등 요인이 가장 첨예하게 나타났다. 이같이 작품 속 노인부양 형태는 모두 가족부양이었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-13
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• 1973

This article has an aim to study what kind of housing system our ancestors lived with during the Yi-Dynasty by analyzing the house-plan of upper-class society of that period since the house of lower-class was very insignificant as it has always been while the house of upper-class represented the period. With this study we can clearly see how we ought to go in the right direction toward the development of our Korean genuine housing by renovating and renewing those unreasonable points in our traditional housing system. It is firmly believed that we should-keep our own unique traditional lovely housing system for being destroyed by the whirl-wind of modernization and the demand of rationalism and efficiency-centered idea of the western mind. From this view point we think it is very urgent to see this matter correctly and find out the real way how we should do in order to keep our own good things for ourselves and make them preserved. This essay is divided into three parts as follows : 1. Thoughts on selecting the good housing area. 2. The aspect of housing reflected upon composing the house-plan. 3. The characteristic sentiments reflected upon the interior construction and decoration. We can find several characteristic points in the housing system of the Yi-Dynasty as follows : 1. In Korea, the thought of natural geography (Poongsu-seul), apart fro scientific view, which seems rather superstitious to us, modern young people, has been highly recommended by the people of our country from old days connected with the prosperity of our life. They also neglected about the social circumstances such as, market, transportation, and education, which are now considered as very important. They only put their concern on this natural environment which they called Poongsu. 2. In construction of house-plan, the house was not built for living with reasonable convenience, but for showing prestige of the upper-class people reflecting its social organization under the feudalism of the period. Furthermore, the most of the housework was done actually by those servants and maids of the house, and not the family themselves. The only concern for the upper-class people was to show off their authority, and so this sense of authority was revealed in the housing as well. 3. Both the outside appearance of the house and the interior decoration or the furniture are all very artistic and lovely. They were so refined and beautiful with their delicate taste which truly seem against our modern rationalism and uniformity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1997

1993-1994년에 걸쳐 전국 10개 지역내 주택에서 수거한 집먼지내의 진드기류를 조사하였다. 집 먼지는 평소 가정주부가 사용하는 전기진공청소기내 횔터에 모아진 집먼지 중 10 g을 채취하여 wet sieving metrod 일부 보완하여 진드기류를 분리하였다 채집된 총 7,257개체의 진드기를 동정한 결과 4아목 18과 23속 23종을 확인하였는데 그 중 Rhyzoglyphus robini, Sancossania phwllophcgianus, Cheyletus trouessarti 및 Scheloribotes lotipes의 4종은 국내 미기록 종이었다 전국적으로 가장 널리 분포되어 있고 서식밀도가 높은 종은 nemntophago릴os Jnrinae(DF)로 전체의 65.3%였고 D. Pteronvssinus(DP)가 20.6% Twrophnsus putrescentiqe(TP)가 6.5%를 차지하였는데, 이들 3종이 함께 서식하는 가정은 62개 조사대상 중 24.6%였고. 2개종이 공존하는 가정은 48 1%. 한종만 서식하는 가정은 27.3%였다. DF가 우점 종인 가정은 59개 조사 가정 중 63.5% DP가 우점종인 가정은 29.6%였고 TP가 우점종인 가정은 6.9%였다. 지역적으로는 서울. 광주 인천 전주 정주 등지에서는 DF가 우세하였으나 영광 춘천. 부산 영도 등 대기습도가 비교적 높은(> 73% RH) 지역에서는 DP가 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 집먼지진드기의 서식밀도를 보면 집먼지 10g 중 1.000개체 이상인 가정이 2.9%. 500-999 개체의 가정이 4.3%. 100-499개체의 가정이 15.7%였고 99개체 이하의 밀도를 보인 가정이 70.0%를 차지하였으며 전혀 채집되지 않은 가정은 7.1%였다. 아파트와 단독주택. 건물면적 청소횟수. 가족수. 건축년수 등과 집먼지진드기 서식밀도간에는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2011

This study aims to understand the unique housing culture and decoration style in traditional Thai houses. Literature review and site visit were applied for the research method. A steep gable roof, a lifted floor structure on the pillars, a semi-enclosed central flatform(charn) and a outdoor staircase are important plastic elements of exterior decoration in Thai traditional houses. 'Panlom(windbreak on gable)' and 'fa loog fak(wall panel)' are the most unique elements which determine Thai traditional style. In Thai traditional style decoration, the beautifully carved wooden panels and decorations are also the most important factors. The decorations can be analyzed in the aspect of following perspectives. ; The characteristics of Thai traditional house decorations have been developed and evolved as result of influences from regional climate and local material. And also the social-cultural factors such as religion, social and family relationship and life style controlled the forms and culture of traditional housing form and culture. As a result, this study summarises and defines the outstanding and unique meaning and definition of the decoration in Thai traditional houses focused on central region in Thailand.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.53-76
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• 2005

Through a field study of the folk houses, 'Closed ㄱㄴ Type' in Goyang-si, Gyonggj-do, focused on the dweller's life by the method of ethnographic interview, observation, and physical survey. L and opposite L type of inner and outer buildings form a closed inner court, and innermost backyard for woman is enclosed by fence. Form and space of the house contains dweller's traditional life. Outer space of a front gate becomes semiprivate space, for thrashing and piling up harvest and raising vegetables and pigs. Confucius principle does not fully dominate dweller's life of ancestral rite at Daecheong floor, and separation of man's and woman's quarter. Superstitious worship activities took place for lord of site and house. In everyday life, Anbang, inner main room, is assigned for parent's quarter instead of woman's quarter, and Geornbang, next room, was for son's family. Anbang has symbolic meaning for a place of deathbed. House contains agricultural activities, crop harvesting, thrashing, putting into storage, hulling rice, and keeping grain near kitchen. At present, rooms are needed more; sheds are made into rooms, rooms are enlarged toward outside, half outside space like Daechong floor becomes interior space by sash screen. And modern facilities of kitchen and bathroom are equipped for convenience. At the end, meaning and generative principle of those forms are discovered.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2016

This study examines ways of housing usage and aspects of resident's life based on the representative traditional house "UNJORU" as time passed. In other words, it explains how the traditional life has changed. these days compared to late Joseon dynasty. It also explains how the meaning of the place changed by life style change and the aspect have changed in women's perspective. This is for restoring the time period that the life dairy was recorded later time period. We can trust Mrs. Lee who is the eldest resident of them at the present in UNJORU. The method of study proceeded by interview format. It is classified a meal place and a folk-beliefs the daily life the funeral rites non-daily life, such as in this process, was conducted to understand the consciousness and life form at the time of residents. As a result, Ryu's family life style has preferred a more modern life style than traditional life style by time as well as society changes. Through this research, It was possible to analyze how the external formality of traditional house has kept but internal formality has changed over time.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.97-102
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• 2011

The characteristics of traditional Thai houses are post-and-beam structure, lifted floor on pillars, and gabled roof as like as houses in other Southeast Asia countries. However 'charn', connective terrace among each room, is the most unique element in Thai houses which make the area under the 'charn' cool and useful. In Thailand, there are number of housing types caused by historic, social, cultural and geographic factors. This research is focused on comparative study of planning of traditional Thai houses of central and northern region, which have the biggest differences in between. Thai traditional house in central region has symmetrical arrangement on layout and when family members are added, they extend 'charn' and attach another building. While in Northern region, the 'charn' is located not in the center and in the front, and the direction of the main building is perpendicular to the length direction of the veranda. This research has a limitation to be generalized because just two region in Thailand were analyzed and the numbers of case studies were few. Nevertheless, we expect this paper to be a primary guidance to understand Thai traditional houses and we also expect that our research area will cover the all areas in Thailand and finally expand to conclude the commonality and diversity of traditional houses in Southeast Asia in the future.