• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2009

The present study is a preliminary research improving the dwelling quality of apartment house as a kind of multi-family housing. The purpose of the study is to find out the actual state on characteristics of indoor noise including residents' living in apartment units. The method was field survey consisted of field measurements on equivalent noise level, observation on noise type, and interview on residents' responses. Field survey were carried out in 20 occupied apartment units from January to March 2007. The results are as follows. 1) Averages of indoor noise levels including residents' living noise were measured as $43.9{\sim}62.2\;dB(A)_{Leq5min}$, the average of each house except one was higher than the permissible level, 45 dB(A). 2) The noise types observed were mostly residents' living noise and classified into 'water hammer', 'living equipment noise', 'noise by family', 'hood noise', 'kitchen noise' in own unit, 'walking and talking noise in stairs and corridors', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'noise by the upper story' in building, and outdoor noise. 3) The residents showed slightly non-positive responses at 'noise by the upper story', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'water hammer', and 'noise by family'. Therefore, it is required to plan for preventing deterioration of the dwelling quality by residents' living noise in own unit as well as by neighborhood houses.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to find applicable design characteristics and methods of communal spaces in vertical urban multi-family housing. With this goal, several overseas' multi-family housing projects are selected and their communal spaces are identified. The design characteristics of the communal spaces are analyzed with a special focus on the territories such as an individual unit boundary, building interior and exterior boundary. In terms of the framework for analysis, territoriality, openness, and unique characteristics are reviewed. As a result, the communal spaces are created using various spatial composition methods such as addition, subtraction, connection, extension, accumulation, and isolation. The communal space programs are integrated in plans and sections throughout the buildings. Visual openness and connection with surrounding urban environments are articulated by void spaces, transparent and translucent building materials, green spaces, and applications of graphical images. Communal identities and aesthetics are emphasized by unique building forms and space arrangements. The uses of finish materials, colors, objects, and images add strong characters to the communal spaces. For a further research, it is necessary to combine a design method study with residents' behaviors and community interactions.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.665-678
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop sleeve-type restraints and to compare the sleeve-type and conventional wrist restraints. Methods: Forty four pairs of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their families participated in the experiment. The nurses applied sleeve-type restraints to the patients in the experimental group, and wrist restraints to the control group. The trained research assistant measured ROMs, skin temperature, edema, and skin lesions of both upper extremities (UEs) before, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the restraints applied. The emotional response of family was measured 72 hours after the restraints applied. Thirty one ICU nurses evaluated the efficiency of both types of restraints. Results: Compared to the control group, changes of ROMs, edema, and skin abrasions on both U/Es of the experimental group indicated a significant difference in physical side effects. The emotional response scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The mean efficiency scores for the sleeve-type restraints were significantly higher than those for the wrist restraints. Conclusion: The results indicate that the sleeve-type restraints are better than wrist restraints with respect to physical side effects, emotional responses of family members, and application efficiency.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.427-430
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• 2008

The present study is a preliminary research improving the dwelling quality of apartment house as a kind of multi-family housing. The purpose of the study is to find out the present condition on noise level and types including residents' living noise in apartment units. The method was field survey consisted of field measurements on equivalent noise level, observation on noise type, and interview on residents' responses. The results are as follows. 1) Averages of indoor noise levels of subject houses were measured as $43.9{\sim}62.2\;dB(A)_{Leq5min}$, the average of each house except one was higher than the permissible level, 45 dB(A). 2) The noise types observed were mostly residents' living noise and classified as 'water hammer', 'living equipment noise', 'noise by family', 'hood noise', and 'kitchen noise' in own unit, 'walking and talking noise in stairs and corridors', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'noise by the upper story' in building, and outdoor noise. 3) The residents show slightly non-positive responses at 'noise by the upper story', 'noise by neighborhood house', 'water hammer', and 'noise by family'. Therefore, it is required to plan for preventing deterioration of the sound environment quality by residents' living noise in own unit as well as by neighborhood houses.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.172-182
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationships among attitudes towards death, perceptions of hospice care, and hospice care needs as perceived by family members of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This study used a descriptive correlational method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 114 participating families in the ICU at Dong-A University Hospital, from October 10 to November 1, 2019. The data were analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, and mean and standard deviation. The t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients were also conducted. Results: Perceptions of hospice care showed significant differences according to age (F=3.06, P=0.031) and marital status (t=3.55, P=0.001). However, no significant differences in attitudes towards death or hospice care needs were found. A significant positive correlation was found between perceptions of hospice care and hospice care needs (r=0.49, P<0.001). Conclusion: In order for families to recognize the need for hospice care and to receive high-quality palliative care at the appropriate time, it is necessary to increase public awareness of hospice care through various educational and awareness-raising efforts, thereby providing opportunities for families of terminally ill patients to request hospice care.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.83-86
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to actualize the unit planning space. First, to understand various needs about residential space of apartments inhabitants. It is necessary for us to understand exactly what differences of residential needs and how different they are with todays's viewpoint because different residential life should be developed according to family structure, age and personality. Second, to suggest plan type as many as possible to reflect and accept various residential needs of inhabitants. The main bed room is normal used for the space of husband and wife, it is necessary to consider the room to be free from the main living room, to introduce variety in the area division or location of rooms an to mark kitchen and dining room as family room or pieasure room besides as a working space

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to improve design method for renovating an environmental friendly residential space where nature and humans could coexist. In the present study, five deteriorated multi-family housing complexes have been selected and one hundred and thirty eight dwellers have been asked about ecological important factors through the questionnaire. This study presents the adaptable solutions, such as are the enlargement of unit space or area, the renovation of facade, the functional change for dwellings on the ground level, the open piping of circulation systems, the expansion of community facilities(include greenarea), the build up of spatial hierarchy and the housing development set reuse planning forth as a premise, for the aspects of dwelling unit, building block and site planning.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2009

The RAS family of oncoproteins has been studied extensively for almost three decades. While we know that activation of RAS represents a key feature of malignant transformation for many cancers, we are only now beginning to understand the complex underpinnings of RAS biology. Here, we will discuss emerging cancer genome sequencing data in the context of what is currently known about RAS function. Taken together, retrospective studies of primary human tissues and prospective studies of experimental models support the notion that the variable mutation frequencies exhibited by the RAS oncogenes reflect unique functions of the RAS oncoproteins.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.467-483
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• 2023

In this research, a conversion function and a distortion associated with the conversion function are defined and used to derive a unit power Gompertz distortion. A new family of copulas is built using the global distorted function. Four base copulas, namely Clayton, Gumbel, Frank, and Gaussian, are distorted into the family. Some properties including tail dependence coefficients and tail order are examined. Kendall's tau formula is derived for new copulas when the base copula is Clayton, Gumbel, or Frank. The maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation method is employed, and a simulation study was performed. The log-likelihood and AIC are reported to compare the performance of the fitted copulas. According to the applied data, the results indicate that new distorted copulas with additional parameters improve the fit.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.457-471
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• 2014

Family instability has a negative effect on not only an individual household but also the society. The government continues to operate family support centers as a countermeasure to family instability issues. A healthy and multicultural family support center is considered an effective support system that extends from a family unit to the local community. In this study, the satisfaction and demand levels of each center, located in Seoul and Incheon, were examined with respect to items such as operation contents, physical space, and organizational structure. The results showed that various efforts for creating a family-friendly community were implemented in healthy family support centers and multicultural family support centers. It was found that the center organizers and operators focused more on software and programs than on the physical environment. There was mostly a shortage of physical and environmental space. This space shortage limited the planned and ongoing activities in terms of the residents' self-directed participation and space formation for a family-friendly educational culture. Therefore, it was necessary to set up the space-related criteria for each center in order to solve this environmental issue. We identified the baseline data of the criteria for a center's physical and spatial design and size. In particular, it was suggested that a more strategic physical and spatial design is needed to achieve an integral and effective operation for the connection of the family with the local society.