• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.24-37
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• 2023

This study analyzes the materials and external characteristics of the Angbu-ilgu, a kind of scaphe sundial, which was newly designated as a Korean Treasure in 2022. The Angbu-ilgu Treasure is owned by three institutions - the National Palace Museum Of Korea, Gyeongju National Museum, and Sungshin Women's University Museum - and is similar as a twin in its material, size, outward appearance, as well as production techniques that include casting, silver inlays, and metal joints. The Three-Treasure Angbu-ilgu is made of brass in the ratio of 90.6: 6.0: 1.8 with Cu: Zn: Pb. This composition clearly differs from Treasure No. 845, an Angbuilgu which has a composition ratio of 82.2: 3.7: 11.8 with Cu: Zn: Pb. In this new Angbu-ilgu Treasure, the hemisphere's stand has four vertical pillars sculpted in a dragon pattern and bilateral wings carved in a cloud pattern on the pillars, which are joined to the hemisphere's horizontal ring with rivets and silver solders, respectively. The dragon-in-clouds pillar (雲龍柱) shows the most outstanding formative beauty of the various Angbu-ilgu pillars produced in the late Joseon Dynasty. It can be seen that the altitude of the north pole engraved on the Angbu-ilgu was made after 1713. Production is, however, actually estimated to have occurred close to the 19th century, the era of the Jinju Kang family, who were professional Angbuilgu makers. Hopefully, this study will lead to a historical science and technology review with modern scientific instruments analyzing the materials and external characteristics of the three Angbu-ilgus designated as a Korean Treasure in 2022.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.80-86
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• 2014

Based on 2009 Korea Health Panel, this study investigated socio-economic and clinical characteristics associated with emergency medical transport use, and analyzed a simple predictive model of emergency medical transport use. Analysis results were summarized as follows: First, emergency medical transports such as 119 ambulance were more used than private cars, taxis, or walk-in. Second, between a user group and a non-user group of emergency medical transports, there were statistically significant differences in age, the level of education, family composition, house type, household income, the relationship with the head of household, insurance types, the presence of handicap, the presence of chronic disease, reasons to emergency medical service use, and treatment after emergency medical service completed. Third, age, household income, the presence of handicap, reasons to emergency medical service use, and treatment after emergency medical service completed were statistically significant predictors associated with emergency medical transports use. To improve emergency medical service system, the characteristics and predictors associated with emergency medical transports are more concerned.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.258-268
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• 2012

The bathroom is a space where humans fulfil certain daily needs, but for the disabled, it can be the most difficult space to use and may even be a cause of accidents and a source of danger. Previous studies on the bathroom have mostly proposed an ideal model of bathroom, but the majority of disabled people live in small homes of about $50m^2$ in size. As their bathrooms are usually very small, and existing houses have various structural limitations, more research should be conducted on the remodeling of residential bathrooms. This study analyzed a number of remodeling items in bathrooms, all of which were listed in previous studies. Based on 17 cases of residential bathroom remodeling in the homes of disabled people residing in Incheon in 2009, this study analyzed several remodeling items required according to the subject's characteristics, such as a lifestyle, gender, and family composition; and proposed the following remodeling requirements and improvement measures for ambulatory-disabled persons and sedentary-disabled people. First, as ambulatory-disabled people have lower-limb impairments, they required bathroom remodeling designed to improve their mobility in the bathroom. These subjects desired the installation of grab bars, as well as the elimination of floor level differences, the installation of non-slip flooring, a counter-top, a sink stand, and a shower holder whose height can be adjusted. Second, sedentary-disabled people move around in a sitting or crawling position, so many of them asked to eliminate floor level differences and vertically-installed bathroom furnishings. Basically, both people with ambulatory disabilities and people with non-ambulatory impairments requested the elimination of floor level differences and the installation of non-slip flooring and grab bars for the toilet and bathtub. They also asked for the heights of sinks, faucets, mirrors, shower holders, and cabinets to be adjusted to suit their needs.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.159-164
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• 2019

This study aims to minimize casualties in the event of an apartment fire by developing a virtual reality (VR) fire-training program (using the latest IT techniques) and verifying its validity as a learning tool. For this purpose, environmental parameters, such as the unit floor's size and the composition of the family, were established. Then, possible fire scenarios that could occur in the apartment building were developed and implemented in a VR setting. Finally, a survey was conducted to review the responses to the program. The results of the survey demonstrated that the responses were positive, confirming the effectiveness of the program.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.739-747
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to uncover the fundamental nature of living alone in female elderly. Methods: The phenomenological research approach developed by van Manen was adopted. Results: The theme was 'taking a firm stand alone on the edges of life'. The composition elements of living alone experienced by elderly women were as follows: 1) Corporeality: participants perceived their bodies by their health status. Unhealthy participants were suffering with diseases and dependant on other persons, while healthy participants were free from family responsibility and kept on moving. 2) Spatiality: participants felt both freedom and loneliness while they stayed home. 3) Relationality: participants felt pity and yearning for their bereaved husband and sometimes talked to his picture. According to their children's filial piety, participants were pleased or displeased. However, they incessantly devoted themselves to their children. 4) Temporality: participants considered the rest of their life as extra-time which was proceeding to death, and tried to keep themselves busy before they died. Conclusion: A nurse should understand the multifarious aspects of elderly women's life, and then intervene to consolidate their strengths for self-supporting the final years of life.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.385-394
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was identify the factors affecting health related quality of life in urban working elderly. This study used the data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey and analyzed the demographic characteristics, work related factors, health related factors and health-related quality of life in living urban and aged 65 and over. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 18.0 program. As a result, there were significant differences according to age, sex, marital status, generation composition, education level, family income, house ownership, allowance, private medical insurance, smoking, alcohol, stress. The affecting factors of health-related quality of life were sex, education level, allowance, private medical insurance. According to the results of this study, the health-related quality of life of the elderly should be improved by considering gender specific characteristics and economic status.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.581-600
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• 2014

This study examines the relationship between food purchase accessibility for 86 homemakers and that for 42 grocery stores. The Study area included Bibong-myeon and Maesong-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, to represent a rural area. The analysis classified three regions (residence, outside of residence, and other areas) and seven types of grocery stores (LDS, CS, NCS, CC, NCC, TM, and other). The expansion of the area range increased the availability of food items and the accessibility of large-scale grocery stores as well as those for food procurement. The respondents had difficulty preparing family meals and buying food items because of a lack of food item variety and the small scale of grocery stores. In particular, fresh meat, fruits, and fish were difficult to purchase, causing some nutritional imbalance. These results suggest a need to develop meal composition samples and programs that can actively encourage the intake of meat and fish products with a diet based in self-produced vegetables for better dietary behaviors.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to improve productivity of architectural space planning(A.S.P,) by computer system and to optimize ASP. A searching algorithm is the best way to slave optimized A.S.P. Because architectural design is too many various site situations and client's demands to specify the general solving methods. This method seek the best design case in all possibility and to be modeled as this; Seongbukgu's case that is city structure former times negative by in facilities utilization of the near street limit. But, case of Gangnamgu and Songpagu is thought that environment and utilization etc. of area life of old people are affinity with quality of life environment of old people when see that is using various area facilities using electric railway and a bus etc. actively. It is looked by the other that individual's special quality uses area facilities according to life partner's existence and nonexistence and family composition and existence and nonexistence of profession and distinction of sex. Show difference of external behavior according to public garden and market and supermarket and welfare facilities etc.'s location in dwelling environment of area and relation about facilities of area has been formed and old people and dwelling environment of area can know that is that do interaction. Environment that access about facilities may have to be easy, and can live that communicating closely with area's inhabitantses may have to consist so that old people may can run various external life.. Notions of the evaluated value is an profit(+) and expense(-) that decide design intention. To adapt real planning, 1. A raster type space cell has logical site informations. 2. To be evaluate various factor. 3. To reflect operator's design mind, they should add an extra weight on evaluated value.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.537-549
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop an objective Ego Strength Scale for Children useful in research and clinical fields for measuring the ego strength of 3rd-6th grade children and to test its validity and reliability. For these purposes, we conducted a two-stage study. First, the scale was developed through data collection, composition of components and questions, a preliminary survey, and a main survey. The main survey was conducted with 1,185 3rd-6th grade children in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, and analyzed through exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Second, the scale we developed was validated through confirmatory factor analysis and convergent-discriminant validity analysis for testing validity related to internal structure. The secondary survey was conducted with 5,494 3rd-6th grade children in Seoul and the province of Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Gangwon, Jeolla, Gyeongsang, and Jeju. The study concluded the following: First, the scale was designed to measure 4 factors: competence, initiative, elasticity, and sociability using 26 questions. Second, the Ego Strength Scale for Children was found to be highly valid through validity tests. In addition, it showed high reliability in an internal consistency test and split-half reliability test. As this study developed and validated the Ego Strength Scale for Children in the current situation in which there are few objective instruments to measure children's ego strength, it is meaningful in that it laid the basis for broader future research on ego strength.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2008

The benthic macroinvertebrates of stream around Mt. Innae, Mt. Gumi and Mt. Dodung in Daegu were studied between April and September in 2005. Physico-chemical factors such as depth, velocity, pH, conductivity and DO were measured in each study site. The depth distributed from 3.3 cm to 18.6 cm, conductivity from 35.5 to 223.1${\mu}s$, and DO between 5.66 and 10.73$mgL^{-1}$. Total observed species of benthic macroinvertebrates were 78 in study streams. The first dominant family was Chironomidae, occupying from 59 to 65%. The other dominant families were Ephemeroptera (12$\sim$19%) and Gastropoda (5$\sim$14%). Mt. Innae was observed as having the most abundance species. EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) richness were from 4 to 14.