• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.44.1-44.9
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• 2015

Background: Heat shock proteins play an important role in protection from stress stimuli and metabolic insults in almost all organisms. Methods: In this study, computational tools were used to deeply analyse the physicochemical characteristics and, using homology modelling, reliably predict the tertiary structure of the blunt snout bream (Ma-) Hsp70 and Hsc70 proteins. Derived three-dimensional models were then used to predict the function of the proteins. Results: Previously published predictions regarding the protein length, molecular weight, theoretical isoelectric point and total number of positive and negative residues were corroborated. Among the new findings are: the extinction coefficient (33725/33350 and 35090/34840 - Ma-Hsp70/ Ma-Hsc70, respectively), instability index (33.68/35.56 - both stable), aliphatic index (83.44/80.23 - both very stable), half-life estimates (both relatively stable), grand average of hydropathicity (-0.431/-0.473 - both hydrophilic) and amino acid composition (alanine-lysine-glycine/glycine-lysine-aspartic acid were the most abundant, no disulphide bonds, the N-terminal of both proteins was methionine). Homology modelling was performed by SWISS-MODEL program and the proposed model was evaluated as highly reliable based on PROCHECK's Ramachandran plot, ERRAT, PROVE, Verify 3D, ProQ and ProSA analyses. Conclusions: The research revealed a high structural similarity to Hsp70 and Hsc70 proteins from several taxonomically distant animal species, corroborating a remarkably high level of evolutionary conservation among the members of this protein family. Functional annotation based on structural similarity provides a reliable additional indirect evidence for a high level of functional conservation of these two genes/proteins in blunt snout bream, but it is not sensitive enough to functionally distinguish the two isoforms.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 2007

This research challenges the general notion of one-person households of the elderly during widowhood as impoverished, isolated, and vulnerable. Recognizing a high potential vulnerability, however, this research attempts to describe the diverse composition of one-person households of the elderly. For this purpose, relying on 2% sample data from the 2000 census, it examines regional distribution, socio-economic characteristics, and determinants of one-person households of the elderly during widowhood. Socio-economic characteristics of one-person households of the elderly differ by region. Jeju island is distinct in terms of sex and age distribution, and residence area of children. In general, rates of economic activity and self-subsistence are higher in provinces than in cities. Compared to the elderly living with family, the elderly living alone show high rates of economic activity, self-subsistence, and capability of physical activity. Results of logistic regression analysis of determinants of living arrangement are consistent with those of descriptive statistics. Those who are economically active and able to move around without assistance tend to live alone after the death of a spouse. Number of sons and living in an urban area are negatively associated with living alone, whereas females are more likely than males to live alone. According to the separate analysis by age, the positive effect of economic activity is greater in the oldest of the old than in other age groups. Those who possess high educational attainment tend to live alone when they are 80 and older, unlike other age groups. Based on these findings, this paper finds that one-person households of the elderly nay not always be the most vulnerable group, and are diverse in terms of socioeconomic characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.543-549
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• 2004

Ixeris dentata is a typical oriental herb. It is a widely distributed perennial in Korea, Japan and China, which belongs to the Compositae Family. The whole plant of I. dentata has been used for the treatment of pneumonia, contusion, tumor and hepatitis. It has also been used for the treatment of allergic diseases as a folk therapy in Korea. I. dentata is known to have aliphatics, triterpenoids and sesquiterpene glycosides in its composition. The present study was designed to explore the protective effects of water- and ethanol- extracts from I. dentata on irradiated rodents. For oral administration (twice per day), the extractive powder of I. dentata and the positive control (ascorbic acid) were dissolved at a concentration of 0.5 and 250mg $ml^{-1}$ in saline, respectively. Thirty days after irradiation, the ratio of the weight of the testis to the body weight was lower than 50% in the radiation groups than the control group. The ALP concentrations in the group treated with the water-extracts of the leaf were $79.68\pm{1.39%}$ (p<0.05) of those of the radiation control. Both of the SGOT and SGPT in the group treated with the ethanol-extract of the root were $72.68\pm{0.95}\;and\;77.87\pm{5.74}$ (p<0.05) of those of the radiation control, respectively. The levels of DNA damage induced by gamma radiation decreased in the experimental group to which the extracts of I. dentata were administered before irradiation. In conclusion, these results indicate that the extracts of I. dentata have an excellent ability to reduce the radicals and they have a protective effect on DNA breakage caused by radiation.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.194-207
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• 1993

This paper deals with seasonal fluctuation of fish communities around the coast of Kunsan, Korea from 1992 to 1993. A total of 98 fish species with 82 genera, 47 families, and 14 orders were collected during the study. Among fishes caught by trawl net, Cynoglossus joyneri and Repomucenus ornatipinnis predominated throughout the year, and by long back net Harengula zunasi and Engraulis japonica except winter season. There is a difference between biomass caught by long back net and by trawl net, the former showing a peak in summer and the latter showing peaks in late spring and winter. This result appears to be due to the occurrences of Platycephalus indicus and Liparis tanakai for the spawning in investigated areas. Among the 14 species collected in the intertidal zone, 13 species of the family Gobiidae were mostly found in the spawning season. These results may suggest that the coastal area of Kunsan provides a good spawning ground for the coastal fishes. It is considered that the seasonal fluctuation of the abundance and species composition in fishes in this area is mainly affected by the water temperature and the bottom habitats.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.80-90
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• 2015

This study aims to improve plans by analyzing spatial compositions of cohousing common houses, their role depending on the types of users and spaces, and satisfaction from the user-oriented design perspective. For this study, a basic concept was examined based on previous studies and literature reviews. So-Haeng-Ju(Happy House with Communication) Houses 1, 2, and 3 in Seongmisan Village was analyzed. As well, interviews with residents of these houses were conducted to analyze the role of user behavior in common house depending on the types of users and spaces. As a result, it was found that there were common characteristics of roles in an exchange with neighbors, cooperative child-care, and residents' meetings. The time and behavioral types were different depending on the living patterns, characteristics, and family members of residents. User satisfaction with the locations of community facilities including communal kitchen and communal living room, the composition of rooms, communication with residents, and the connection between communal living space and personal living space, was above the average. However, user satisfaction with storage facilities, or defect repair and facility maintenance was low. Most of cohousing common house users were satisfied with the use and size of spaces, and a sense of community, including communication with neighbors beyond the environment and Seongmisan Village. In conclusion, a realistic alternative is required for future cohousing by developing a system regarding human resources networks and cost bearing issues.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.876-882
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• 2016

Tylosin has been used as a livestock feed additive and antibiotic growth promoter for many years. However, the mode of action by which tylosin enhances animal growth is unclear. We used high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to investigate the effects of tylosin as a feed additive on swine gut microbiota. No significant difference in the rate of weight increase was observed between control and tylosin-treated pigs during a 10-week feeding trial. However, tylosin-treated pigs showed rapid increases in the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. Increases in Firmicutes species are associated with (so-called) obese-type gut microbiota. The abundance of species of four families of the phylum Firmicutes (Streptococcaceae, Peptococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae) correlated positively with host weight gain. The abundance of Streptococcaceae family bacteria was least affected by tylosin treatment. Distribution analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed that both control and tylosin-treated pigs exhibited similar OTU alterations during growth. However, the tylosin-treated group showed distinctive alterations in gut microbiota when the host weighed approximately 60 kg, whereas similar alterations occurred at around 80 kg in the control group. Our results suggest that use of tylosin accelerates maturation of swine gut microbiota rather than altering its composition.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

This study is purposed to understand the spacial usage of the furniture in detail for interior architecture. Many documents have prescribed the spacial furniture at random. While modernist have been interested in the spacial usage of the furniture, the importance of the spacial furniture stands out in architectural space. Since long ago, a great deal of effort has been put into creating a relational harmony between the space and furniture. The villa, the weekend home of the Savoye family, was built between 1928 and 1931. Particularly, the villa Savoye was focused for this study. Le Corbusier viewed desks and case pieces for storage as architecture, and the unite furniture and architecture by developing cabinets in standard modules that could be painted either the wall color to become part of the wall or in contrasting colors to stand out as furniture. Spacial furniture was used architecturally in the interior as well, it gives the space an unexpected playfulness with the color of the finishing materials. The various usage of the Spacial furniture constitute an element of great architectural richness. They have a unique principle based on emotional order and make the man move to another space and experience the spacial connection. In particular, the furniture that was considered by Corbuisier have rational function, division of the space, leaning the structure, and so on. The furniture as the element of the space composition can change the architectural space and view as well as connecting each other. Spacial furniture appear as physical ones called wall, floor, column, and existential value as a living space.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 1999

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is found in all vertebrates and its type-II molecule is regarded as a fundamental embryonic growth factor during development. We have firstly identified, in this study, a cDNA clone corresponding to IGF-II (flIGF-II) from the adult brain of the teleost, Paralichthys olivaceus. We also examined the tissue expression of flIGF-II in several adult tissues by RT-PCR. The flIGF-II cDNA contained a complete ORF consisting of 215 amino acids and one stop codon. Its molecular characteristics appear to be similar to the previously identified IGF-II molecules, in which a common primary structure exhibiting B, C, A, D, and E domains is evidently observed. This cDNA clone seems to be cleaved at $Ala_{52}$ for the $NH_2$-end signal peptide and appears to produce a 98 amino acid-long E-peptide from the $Arg^{118}$. The functional B-D domain regions, therefore, include 65 amino acids and is able to encode a 7.4-kDa protein. The most prominent structural difference between IGF-I and IGF-II was that the D domain of IGF-II exhibits a two-codon-deleted pattern compared to the 8 amino acid-containing IGF-I. The insulin family signature in the A domain and six cysteins forming three disulfide bridges between the B and A domains were evolutionary-conserved from teleosts to mammalian IGF-II. Interestingly, the E-peptide region appears to provide a distinct hallmark between teleosts in amino acid composition. The flIGF-II shows 85.1% of sequence identity to salmon and trout, 90.6% to tilapia, and 98.4% to perch in amino acid level. In tissue expressions of IGF-II, it is very likely that flIGF-II has a significant expression in the adult brain. However, liver seems to be the main source for IGF-II production, and relatively low signals were observed in the adult muscle and kidney. Taken together, it would be concluded that the functional region for IGF-II mRNA is highly similar in phylogeny and is evolutionary, conserved as a mediator for the growth of vertebrates.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of floor plan of $85m^2$-sized housing units with 2-bay and 3-bay and the residents' satisfaction with them. The subjects for analyzing floor plan were six floor plans of $85m^2$-sized housing units with 2-bay and nine floor plans of housing units with 3-bay in the new town, Hwamyeong-dong, in Busan. The floor plans were analyzed based on seven characteristics of floor plans such as the composition type of entrance core hall, the entrance arrangement, width and depth of the housing unit, size of each room, LDK arrangement, arrangement of family bathroom and private bathroom for husband and wife, and balcony arrangement. The subjects for grasping satisfaction with each housing unit were 400 residents of $85m^2$-sized housing units. A half of them lived in housing units with 2-bay and another half of them with 3-bay in the same area. They answered about the degree of satisfaction with the characteristics of each room and the preferred floor plan type if they move to the same size housing units through a questionnaire. The results were as follows; First, the floor plan with 3-bay had more diverse elements than one with 2-bay. Second, the residents who lived in 3-bay housing unit were younger, higher education, and higher income than the ones in 2-bay. Third, the residents who lived in $85m^2$-sized housing unit were more satisfied with and preferred to 3-bay housing units than 2-bay one.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.199-222
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• 2017

This study examined the parental experiences of the fathers who reared their children with brain lesions. Since a brain lesion is considered a lifelong disability, children with brain lesions need the medical and social management through their entire life. Due to the lack of specialized caring services and organizations in Korea for such children, their families are forced to take care of them. For this reason, it is necessary to study about the fathers who are rearing the children with brain lesions. For this purpose, four fathers had participated in this study and data were collected through one to one in-depth interviews. Using Giorgi(2004)'s phenomenological research method, the study results were as follows. The substantial themes were "charred heart", "surviving the hardships", "the ruins of life", "attitude against reality", "the unique composition of family life", "children as fate", "father's love." Based on the these analysis results, the implications were suggested to cure the psychological and institutional difficulties and to provide supportive services for the fathers and families who care the children with brain lesions.