• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-154
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : The pitch range of the human voice is variable, extending from chest register to falsetto register. Although numerous studies have investigated after laryngeal mechanism description of falsetto tone, systematic and objective studies were lack. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze and compare modal with falsetto voice. Materials and Methods : Seven adult baritones were selected from a larger population of volunteers at choir. Simultaneous measurements of acoustic, electroglottographic and aerodynamic study were made during /e/ sustained in two vocal registers, lowest modal and highest falsetto. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilkoxson signed rankes test. Results : In the acoustic analysis, shimmer was increased in flasetto voice(p<0.05). In the electroglottographic analysis, closed quotient(CQ), speed quotient(SQ) at the modal voice were higher than at the falsetto voice(p<0.05). In the aerodynamic analysis, and airflow rate(MFR) of falsetto voice was higher than modal voice(p<0.05). Conclusions : In the results of the study indicate that, falsetto register ineffective, inefficient, generally unpleasant because it was produced by incomplete clousure of true vocal cord. We anticipated that further study with large samples can provide an objective criteria for status and classification of singer's modal and falsetto voice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1998

Mutational falsetto is a kind of voice disorders due to the failure to acquire proper low-pitched voice during the puberty. The patients with mutational falsetto can produce the normal low-pitched voice by the surgical treatment, like the type III-thyroplasty, or the voice therapy. The present study is, focusing on the latter treatment, to consider the efficiency of voice therapy for the mutational falsetto. The 7 patients who were diagnosed as mutational falsetto by the laryngologists, and treated by the voice therapist were selected as subjects. Their voices of pretherapy and posttherapy were analyzed on the aspects of acoustics and aerodynamics. Acoustic analysis was done by the MDVP(Multidimensional Voice Program) of CSL(Computerized Speech Lab, Kay Elemetrics, Co.), and aerodynamic analysis, by the Maximum Sustained Phonation of Aerophone II(Kay Elemetrics, Co.). By these measurements, we could find that fundamental frequency(F0) was significantly lowered, on the average, 65Hz. Maximum phonation time(MPT) was increased 4.57 second, and shimmer was decreased 1.644%, respectively, and each changes was statistically significant, too. On the average, jitter was decreased 0.499%, mean flow rate(MFR) was decreased 27.71ml/sec, and NHR was increased 0.023 which was the only parameter not showing improvement. But the changes of jitter, MFR and NHR were not statistically significant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : The complex physiologic structure of the larynx can vibrate in three or more different ways that yield acuostically and perceptually distinct vocal quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the normal range of voice parameters in Multi-Channel Phonatory Function Analyzer and investigate the difference of voice parameters according to the phonatory patterns. Materials and Methods : Forty normal adult speakers (20 men and 20 women) with age ranging from third to forth decades pronounce low, comfortable, and high tone /a/ ; comfortable tone /${\ae}$/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ : fry, falsetto. Voice was analyzed by Newly developed multi-channel phonatory function analyzer. Results : The normal range of voice parameters in this system was similar to the existing data. Fry shows high jitter and falsetto low SQ. Fry and falsetto show low OQ in men but no difference in women. Jitter, OQ and SQ were different between men and women in modal register, whereas there was no gender difference in fry and falsetto. In frequency magnitude spectrum and EGG, modal register, fry and falsetto have distinguishing pattern. Conclusions : Modal register, fry and falsetto are distinguishable in voice parameters and show different vibratory patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

Background and Objectives: Countertenors who can produce higher vocal pitch like female classical singer's voice and use both modal and falsetto register. This study was conducted to study phonatory characteristics between modal and falsetto register of the countertenor. Materials and Methods: A male countertenor who had 8 years of experience was examined using a videostroboscopy and his voice was analyzed using aerodynamic measures; fundamental frequency(F0), Mean air flow rate(MFR), intensity(SLP), subglottal air pressure(Psub) with phonatory function analyzer(Nagashima) and acoustic measures; jitter, shimmer, HNR, closed quotient(CQ) using a Electro-glottography(EGG) of Lx. Speech Studio(Laryngoscope, Ltd, UK) and voice range profile of CSL(Kay elemetrics). Results: In the stroboscopy finding, the longitudinal length of vocal folds was increased at the falsetto register and the upper margin of vocal folds vibrated with incomplete closure of true vocal folds. In aerodynamic analysis, intensity was same at the modal and falsetto register. However, MFR, Psub, MPT were higher at the falsetto register. In the electroglottographic analysis, closed quotient(CQ) at the modal register was high and also much higher at the high-pitch falsetto than at the loud falsetto. In the VRP, intensity was similar though F0 was different between modal and falsetto register. Conclusion: It implied that countertenor could produce powerful voice quality by increasing of respiratory pressure and respiratory volume though glottal closure was incomplete. In addition, no change of EGG waveform, similar voice range with alto was observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 1997

The mutational falsetto is failure to change from the higher pitched voice of preadolescence to the lower pitched voice of adolescence and adulthood. The one of characteristic findings is contraction of suprahyoid muscles. The large majority of young men with inappropriately high voice have excellent voice therapy prognosis. We have experienced one case of mutational falsetto treated with botulinum toxin injection on suprahyoid muscles. His suprahyoid muscles are contracted markedly simultaneously with each phonation. fundamental frequency$(F_0)$ of his vowel phonation was 332Hz. Extensive voice therapy including manual compression of thyroid notch was ineffective. Forty units of Botox$^{\circledR}$ was injected under the EMG-guidance(20U bilaterally). At seven days post-injection, his voice changed lower than before and at 40 days after procedure, his $F_0$ was 126Hz.

• MALSORI
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• no.46
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• pp.25-35
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• 2003

This study deals with the disguised voice (or voice disguise) in the field of forensic phonetics. We especially studied the effects of the methods of disguised voice on the aural decision. Within the nonelectronic-deliberate voice disguise area, the methods of disguised voice include use of lowered pitch, pinched nostrils, falsetto, and whisper. Ten (male:5, female:5) Seoul speakers made a recording of 16 sentences. In the aural test, 30 subjects listened normal and disguised voice. And they were asked to make a decision whether speakers identified or not. The result is as follows: The speaker verification of the falsetto and whisper was more difficult than the lowered pitch and pinched nostrils.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

This study compared voice range profiles (VRPs) of modal and falsetto register in 53 dysphonic and 53 non-dysphonic adult women with gliding vowel /a/'. The results shows that maximum fundamental frequency (F0_MAX), maximum intensity (I_MAX), F0 range (F0_RANGE), and intensity range (I_RANGE) are lower in the dysphonic group than in the non-dysphonic group. F0_MAX and F0_RANGE are significantly higher in falsetto register than modal register in both groups. I_MAX and I_RANGE are significantly higher in falsetto register in the non-dysphonic group, but those are not different between two registers in the dysphonic group. There was no statistically significant difference in minimum F0 (F0_MIN) and minimum intensity (I_MIN) between the two groups. Modal-falsetto register transition occurred at 378.86 Hz (F4#) in the dysphonic group and 557.79 Hz (C5#) in the non-dysphonic group, which was significantly lower in the dysphonic group. It can be seen that both modal and falsetto registers in dysphonic adult women are reduced compared to non-dysphoinc adult women, indicating that the vocal folds of dysphonic adult women are not easy to vibrate in high pitches. The results of this study would be the basic data for understanding the acoustic features of voice disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2001

Background and Objectives : A post-pubescent male classical singer has lower vocal register than a female classical singer. Countertenors who can produce higher vocal register like female classical singers with their falsetto voice and head resonance are recently active. The general purpose of this study is to analyze voice of countertenors and to determine the differences with those of classical singers. Materials and Methods : Four countertenors in Korea were examined using a videostrobos-copy and their voice were analyzed using aerodynamic, acoustic and voice range profile methods. Results and Conclusion : Countertenors could produce elevated fundamental frequency, voice intensity and mean air flow rate using large pulmonary capacity and head voiced falsetto. It means the presence of greater energy in countertenor is due to the more efficient conversion of the air flow to acoustic energy. But, they had unstable amplitude perturbation per each vocal cycle. The results indicated that countertenor is the acoustic products of different laryngeal mechanism with other classical register and it can be recognized as one of the registers of male classical singers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1999

Vocal hyperfunction is considered to be the most significant characteristic in larynx disorders which is found among many patients presenting hoarseness Primarily as chief complaint. In Pusan National University Hospital, we executed the voice therapy to 28 patients being 17 female and 11 male patients who visited the Voice ＆ Speech Therapy Clinic, due to the voice disorder, and then compared and analysed the voice before and after its therapy using acoustic and aerodynamic test. The obtained results were as follows. In the analysis by the local findings, it was improved to 88% in the patients of vocal nodule, 75% in mutational falsetto, 75% in the functional dysphonia, 75% in the vocal cord palsy, 50% in the vocal polyp and 50% in dysphonia plica ventricularis. For the acoustic analysis, Fo, litter, Shimmer and NHR were measured. In the patients of mutational falsetto, Fo, Jitter and NHR were shown to be improved significantly and in the patients of vocal nodule, Shimmer was shown to be improved significantly. In the patients of vocal polyp, Fo was significantly improved. In the patients of vocal cord palsy in litter and NHH were significantly improved. In the patients of dysphonia plica ventricularis, Shimmer and NHR were significantly improved and the patients of functional dysphonia were more improved in Fo, litter and Shimmer. For the aerodynamic analysis, MPT was measured. In particular, it was shown to be improved significantly in the patients of vocal nodule, improved in the vocal polyp, vocal cord palsy, functional dysphonia patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2004

Normally, as a result of increased laryngeal growth, the male voice drops about one octave in pitch level during adolescence. Failure of the voice to drop in pitch is consider to be a clinically significant voice disorder - 'mutational dysphonia'. The aim of this article is to evaluate the changes brought about by voice therapy, using the analysis of the EGG measure from Lx Speech Studio program(Laryngograph Ltd, UK) as well as acoustic, and aerodynamic studies in 18-year-old mutational dysphonia patient. The results from the Lx Speech Studio program demonstrated bimodal distribution of DFx(Hz), DQx(%), QxFx and diplophonic characteristic. After voice therapy combined with manual compression method, the distribution of DFx, DQx, QxFx was changed uniform with a dramatic reduction of higher pitch level. In addition, this finding suggests the EGG measure helps to choice treatment options, monitor the efficacy of therapy, and estimate the prognosis of diseases.