• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.270-271
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.138-139
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of animal slurry on nitrogen uptake of hairy vetch and growth of chinese cabbage in cropping system. Hairy vetch was seeded on September 20 in 2003 . We examined the effect of cover crop(hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and slurry application(0, l00, 200kg N/ha) on yield and N uptake. Dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake of hairy vetch were measured. The chinese cabbage succeeding cover crop was harvested in 2004. The nitrogen uptake of hairy vetch was 84, 121, 148kg N/ha respectively, when the slurry application was 0, 100 and 200kg N/ha. In addition. N uptake of hairy vetch at the plot of 100kg and 200 kg N/ha slurry were 44% and 76% higher than that of the plot without slurry application respectively. Slurry application of hairy vetch could increase nitrogen uptake by application of green manure at the harvesting time. the content of organic matter and P-content of soil with hairy vetch plot was higher than that of fallow plot due to inhibition of soil erosion. The organic matter levels tend to improve with the addition of hairy vetch. Hairy vetch could improve soil quality by reducing erosion compared with bare fallow. The green manure of hairy vetch with animal slurry maintained soil nutrient and reduced nitrogen fertilizer of chinese cabbage. The hairy vetch residues decomposed rapidly releasing half of their residues within 40 days after burial. The yield of chinese cabbage was 90% in the plot of manure of hairy vetch compared with chemical fertilizer. The yield in the plot treated with green manure of hairy vetch and 50% of chemical fertilizer was reduced 5% less than that of chemical fertilizer. Therefore, it was estimated that the green manure of hairy vetch-chinese cabbage cropping system could reduce nitrogen chemical fertilizer as much as 84~148kgN/ha. the green manure of hairy vetch with animal slurry maintained soil nutrient and reduced nitrogen fertilizer of chinese cabbage.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.247-262
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• 2015

The few lignin biomarker studies conducted in tropical environments are hampered by having to use references signatures established for plants and soils characteristic of the temperate zone. This study presents a lignin biomarker analysis (vanillyls (V), p-hydroxyls (P), syringyls (S), cinnamyls (C)) of the dominant plant species and soil horizons as well as an analysis of the interrelated terrigenous organic matter (TOM) dynamics between vegetation and soil of the $Tapaj{\acute{o}}s$ river region, an active colonization front in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected and analyzed samples from 17 fresh dominant plant species and 48 soil cores at three depths (0-5 cm, 20-25 cm, 50-55 cm) from primary rainforest, fallow forest, subsistence agriculture fields and pastures. Lignin signatures in tropical plants clearly distinguish from temperate ones with high ratios of Acid/aldehyde of vanillyls ((Ad/Al)v) and P/V+S. Contrary to temperate environments, similarly high ratios in tropical soils are not related to TOM degradation along with pedogenesis but to direct influence of plants growing on them. Lignin signatures of both plants and soils of primary rainforest and fallow forest clearly distinguish from those of non-forested areas, i.e., agriculture fields and pastures. Attalea speciosa Palm trees, an invasive species in all perturbed landscapes of the Amazon, exhibit lignin signatures clearly distinct from other dominant plant species. The study of lignin signatures in tropical areas thus represents a powerful tool to evaluate the impact of primary rainforest clearing on TOM dynamics in tropical areas.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.857-868
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• 2019

A flooded rice field is one of the significant sources of anthropogenic methane (CH₄) with the intensity of the emissions dependent on management practices. Incorporation of rice straw, which is one of the organic amendments, induces the increase of methane emissions during the flooding season. In this study, we measured of methane emission according to applications of rice straw in different soil textures during a cultivation period in 2017 and 2018. The fallow treatments were non application of rice straw (NA), spring plowing after spring spreading of rice straw (SPSA), spring plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (SPAA), and autumn plowing after previous autumn spreading of rice straw (APAA). The SPSA treatment emitted the highest total methane from loam soil in both 2017 (596.7 CH₄ kg ha^-1) and 2018 (795.4 CH₄ kg ha^-1). The same trend was observed in silt clay loam soil; the SPSA treatment still emitted the highest amount of methane in both 2017 (845.9 CH₄ kg ha^-1) and 2018 (1,071.7 CH₄ kg ha^-1). The lowest emission among the rice straw incorporated plots came from the APAA treatment for both soil texture types in all the seasons. The conversion factors of the SPAA were 0.79 and 0.65 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. Relatedly, the conversion factors of the APAA were 0.71 and 0.43 from the loam and silt clay loam soils, respectively. The above observations mean therefore that incorporation of rice straw early in the fallow reduces methane emissions in the main rice growing season.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.85-94
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the hollowization in rural villages which causes marginal villages appears in Korean rural villages and whether the hollowization has relation with decrease and aging of population or not. For achieving the research objective, survey was carried out focused on Geumsan-gun. As a result, it confirmed that rural out-migration and rural decline especially in 'people', 'land(economic situation)' and 'community' have being progressed. Also variance analysis and regression analysis were executed with using the number of population and the ratio of people over 65 as dependent variables and using each survey contents(variables) as independent variables. The results of analysis showed that the ratio of people over 65(+), the income level per household(-), the rate of fallow lands(+), the number of empty houses(+), programs for urban-rural interchange(+), and the implementing public projects(+), etc. have a relation with the number of population(-) and the number of population(-), the income level per household(-), the rate of fallow lands(+), the number of empty houses(+), activities of communities(+), and the implementing public projects(+), etc. have a relation with the ratio of people over 65(+) (+: increase, -: decrease). So the hollowization in people', 'land(economic situation)' and 'community' has direct relation with decrease and aging of population in rural areas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1022-1028
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the environmental load of two different concentrate feed supply systems to the Japanese domestic livestock industry using the Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The current system was defined as that requiring 11.469 million tons of corn imported from the US by sea transport and supplied as concentrate feed to the Japanese domestic livestock industry. The new system proposed by Kaku et al. in 2004 was defined as where 802,830 tons of US imported corn would not be planted in US and would be replaced by barley planted in 278 thousand ha of Japanese domestic land left fallow for the past year. In this case, 909,000 tons of domestic harvest barley would have been supplied as concentrate feed to the Japanese domestic livestock industry in 2000. The activities taken into account within the two system boundaries were three stages: concentrate feed production, feed transportation and gas emission from the soil by chemical fertilizer. Finished compost was regarded as organic fertilizer and was put instead of chemical fertilizers within the system boundary. Adoption of this new concentrate feed supply system by the Japanese domestic livestock industry could reduce 78,462 tons $CO_2$-equivalents of global warming potential, 347 tons $SO_2$-equivalents of acidification potential, 54 tons $PO_4$-equivalents of eutrophication potential and 0.842 million GJ as energy consumption below 2,000 levels. This LCA study comparing two Japanese domestic livestock concentrate feed supply systems showed that the stage of feed transport contributed most to global warming and the stage of emission from the soil contributed most to acidification and eutrophication. The Japanese domestic livestock industry could participate in emissions trading with $CO_2$-equivalents reduced by shifting from some imported US corn as a concentrate feed to domestic barley planted in land left fallow. In that case the Japanese government could launch emissions trading in accordance with Kyoto Protocol in the future.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.293-300
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• 2004

In order to solve the shortage of roughage supply for dairy farm in Korea, the mechanized model system for the production of winter cereal wrap silage in the fellow paddy field was developed in the previous studies. In this study, storage properties after long term storing of the winter cereal wrap silage were investigated. Also, the qualities of the wrap silage which was stored during 4 months were evaluated by sensory testings, analyzing chemical properties(moisture content, pH and organic acids) and investigating the increase of feeding value. The result of this study were summarized as follows; 1. After 300 hours storage, the acid level of the silage decreased slowly to 4.6 -4.8 pH. Also, the temperature was stabilized around 27-28$^{\circ}C$. The silage having below 5.0 pH is a desirable level for the most of good silage. 2. According to the sensory test and chemical property analyzation it was evaluated as the first class silage like a com silage. 3. Also, when the wrap silage are fed to the cattle, the cattle produced milk more 25% than that of conventional feed. 4. As an overall conclusion, winter cereal wrap silage in the fallow paddy field cm be one of the major roughage source in replacement of com and other conventional silage to dairy cattle in Korea.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

Farming activity was the second cause of forest fire following the carelessness. In this study, 74 forest fires caused by farming activity and waste burning in 2009 was investigated for analyzing ignition patterns. The main cause to bring about forest fire was the farming waste burning as 25 cases, burning of farming waste matter after product and household waste burning were the second causes as 19 cases. Landcovers which transfer flame from ignition point to forest were fallow field graveyard, field fruit farm, field levee fallow field. The average distance between ignition point and forest sleeve was 19 m, and the maximum distance was 130 m. The probability of forest fire ignition was high in the 100 m buffer zone from the forest sleeve that is the prohibition rule of fire use for forest fire prevention at the forest fire season.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2010

Recently, fallow paddy land located in the mid-mountain area (FPL) due to a decrease in rice consumption has increased in some regions of our country. So, grasses and forage crops available for years in once sowing should be introduced in FPL. This study was conducted to develop the technique for cultivation of grasses and forage crops using animal manure in FPL The field experiments were carried out from 2007 to 2009 on FPL at Kumsan, Chungbuk province in Korea. Cattle feedlot manure (CFM) was prepared by mixing feces and urine of cattle with rice straw in cattle feedlot for 6 months. The experimental plots were consisted of four treatments; tall fescue-based mixed pasture applied with chemical fertilizer (Control), mono-tall fescue pasture (MTFP), tall fescue-based mixed pasture (TFBMP), mono-Perennial ryegrass (MPR-FCM), mono-Italian ryegrass (MIR-FCM), mono-Red clover (MRC-FCM) and mono-Reed canarygrass (MRCG-FCM) applied with FCM. The field of tall fescue-based pasture had been sown with a grasses mixture containing 'Fawn' tall fescue, 'potomac' orchardgrass, 'Reveille' Perennial ryegrass, and 'kenblue' Kentuky bluegrass, 'Kenland' Red clover. Seeding rates were 16, 6, 4, 2 and $2\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. DM yields of forages and rates of grass coverage was higher in MTFP, TFBMP and MRCG-FCM as compated with control treatment. This result means that FPL has contained with favorable conditions for growing grass, because forage productivity is more than 15 tons per ha per year in fallow paddy land. In addition, the farmer can save the trouble of repeated plowing and sowing every year, due to the introduction of perennial grasses. The farmer must conduct the re-seeding and induce the improvement of management methods for the elevation of the persistence of red clover and perennial ryegrass, because both red clover and perennial ryegrass having high nutritive value and palatability was less persistent. Therefore, we suggest that FPL may be the good land for forage production utilizing FCM and FCM can be applied on FPL without any negative effects on DM production and the property of soil. FPL of Korea can be better utilized by applying FCM to the mono and/or mixed swards.