• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

공정가치 서열체계 정보는 각 수준에 따라 측정오류의 발생가능성과 정보비대칭 정도, 그리고 내포된 정보 위험이 다를 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수준별 공정가치 서열체계 정보가 기업의 자본비용에 어떤 차별적인 영향을 미치는지 살펴본다. 2011년부터 2014년까지 한국주식시장에 상장된 기업들을 대상으로 실증 분석한 결과, 수준 1과 수준 2의 공정가치 변수의 회귀계수 값은 자본비용 유형에 따라 크기의 순위가 바뀌었지만, 수준 3의 회귀계수는 모든 자본비용 변수에 대하여 가장 큰 회귀계수 값을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기업의 시장위험 관리 수준과 감사품질에 따라 공정가치 서열체계에 따른 자본비용의 관련성이 어떻게 달라지는 가를 추가적으로 분석하였으나 일관성 있는 결과를 얻을 수 없었다. 그러나 시장위험관리와 감사품질 변수를 융합하여, 동시적인 상호작용 효과를 분석한 결과, 시장위험관리 수준이 높고 감사품질이 높은 경우 수준 3의 자본비용을 증가시키는 효과가 크게 완화되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 공정가치 서열체계 정보는 내포된 정보위험에 따라 자본비용에 미치는 영향이 달라지며, 경영자의 시장위험관리 수준이나 감사품질에 따라 정보위험은 감소될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제66권
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• pp.149-170
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• 2015

State's compensation obligation accompanied in case of indirect expropriation of foreign investor's investment asset has been established definite principle under international investment law. But the concrete and unified application criterion regarding valuation methods for measuring compensation have not been established yet. The World Bank investment guideline is adopting the Hull's Formula, which is understood as the full compensation standard with prompt adequate effective compensation and Fair Market Value method. It is a general principle that compensation should be equal to the fair market value of investment asset just before indirect expropriation date. However, there is a problem of the valuation method of fair market value of investment asset. In general, discounted cash flow, liquidation value, replacement value, book value, etc. can be the applicable standards. Arbitral tribunals determine compensation by adopting proper valuation method on a case-by-case basis according to the discretion based on the arbitration parties' experts' review on the presented opinion and by considering fact relevance of the issued dispute. This compensation includes also interest, recently it tends to award according to compound interest rather than simple interest. Beginning of the period to generate interest is the next day of the indirect expropriation occurrence date. And it should be considered that interest until the payment of compensation is also included. In addition, it should be considered that mental damages is available only when there's a basis to prove this or special case. Therefore, this study suggests to review of precedents related to indirect expropriation and concretely specify compensation valuation standard and method of indirect expropriation on investment agreements through enough consultation beforehand.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

본 연구는 중국의 국제회계기준 도입으로 나타나는 회계정보의 유용성을 분석하기 위해 상해증권시장의 자료와 심천증권시장의 자료를 이용하여 연구 분석 하였다. 또한 본 연구의 객관적 접근을 위해 관련 선행연구를 종합하여, 본 연구의 연구모형에 맞게 수정 조정하여 가설을 설정하고 실증분석을 토대로 가설을 검증 하였다. 본 연구에서는 공정 가치를 도입한 기간 전후를 통해 공정가치가 기업의 가치 관련성에 영향 관계에 있는지를 분석하기 위해 세부적인 대별 변수를 투입하여 가설을 검중 하였다. 가설 분석에서는 공정가치 평가를 도입한 기간이 상대적으로 회계정보의 질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석 및 추정 될 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 기업의 주당순자산가액과 주당순이익과의 관계에 있어서 가치 관련성이 유의한 수준에서 영향관계에 있었기 때문이다. 따라서 향후 연구에서는 공정가치의 평가방법이 기업의 가치 관련성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 주요한 관련변수로 논의될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제73권
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• pp.91-110
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• 2017

Recently, world wide trading which support free trade will increase the economic volume size. It will grow the quality of life. But, the reduce of gap between the rich state and the poor one has always been risen the problem of one of welfare. Trough unregulated trade activities, multinational corporations succeeded in expanding the market globally. However, there were unfair acts such as infringement of serious rights of producer of low development countries. Fair trade has begun to pay fair value to them and to ease inequality, but, as time went by, the its idea became thinner, distorted in the market, or became a marketing tools. So, In this paper, I analyze the limitations and causes of fair trade and suggest directions for fair trade. This Study provided a causes of the limitation of fair trade and for the future, I'll suggest an alternative of limitation of fair trade.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the effects of fair value valuation of biological assets and bearer plants measured at historical cost on the cost of third-party capital. The study contributes to the agricultural sector and the International Accounting Standard - IAS 41, which has been modified to remove the requirement to apply fair value for bearer plants, one of the primary biological assets with no active market. For this, 182 companies from 39 countries were studied in the years 2020 and 2021, with information taken from the Thomson Reuters Eikon platform. The methodology involves regression by the ordinary least squares method based on the model of Daly and Skaife (2016). The results show that the biological asset at fair value does not influence the cost of debt and that the measurement of bearer plants at historical cost has no effect on the cost of debt. Fair value did not change the perceived cost of debt of the analyzed companies in the studied period, contrary to Daly and Skaife (2016). Finally, the cost of third-party capital can be influenced by other aspects related to profit quality, which were not examined in this paper, such as profit management.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper compares current requirements for depreciation accounting from the Financial Accounting Standards Board in America for equity securities and all debt securities with determinable fair value, and disclosure requirements related to the fair value of securities below registered cost with the requirements of the international Financial Reporting Standards Board and accounting standards committee. Research design, data, and methodology - Mini-review statements are examined relating to depreciation of investments in America and the Financial Accounting Standards depreciation of investments in Iran that meet the requirements of international reporting standards and the Iranian Accounting Standards Committee. Results - Accounting rules for depreciation of investments in securities requires a good deal of judgment. In particular, devaluation decisions during the recession and market crisis were controversial, although even with no clear guidelines on devaluation, sometimes such decisions were simple. Conclusions -Companies can choose from formal policies applied uniformly and documentations of interest to provide a summary of the principles and conclusions obtained through disclosure, enabling market participants to assess the entity's conclusions reasonably, thereby easing investor and market worries.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.576-581
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• 2008

Electricity Market in Korea can't provide locational price signal through energy price because energy market is CBP(Cost Based Pool) using uniform price. Generators don't want to locate in a densely populated load area(like the metropolitan area). Because they are paid more fixed cost in metropolitan area. This situation has loss and congestion occurred in power system. However energy market without price signal can't lead generator to the metropolitan. So, market participants should be provided price signal through the transmission price instead of energy price. This paper proposes transmission pricing method considering reliability cost in order to offer price signal. Also, it proposes the method to allocate the transmission cost to each transmission line user through a fair and a reasonable manner. The transmission price is decided by the reliability value of each line. If a transmission line of high reliability value is broke, users using that line will get a loss and a discomfort. So, it is fair that users using a transmission line of high reliability value pay more than the other users. Also, it is reasonable that a transmission line owner get paid more form users using that line.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.304-315
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• 2019

공정무역은 공정한 거래, 인권, 환경을 배려하는 무역의 형태로 최근 전 세계적으로 공정무역의 중요성이 강조되고 시장이 성장하고 있다. 우리나라는 젊은 소비자를 중심으로 공정무역 시장이 확장되고 있다. 이에 미래 소비의 주체인 대학생 소비자들의 공정무역 소비역량 특성 및 관여도, 윤리의식에 따른 유형화를 시도하고, 공정무역 상품 구매에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 대학생 소비자는 일반형, 무관심형, 개인주의형, 공정무역실천형의 네 가지 유형으로 구분되었다. 그리고 공정무역 상품의 구매경험에 직접적 영향을 미치는 요인은 공정무역 관련 지식, 실천의지, 관심도로 나타났다. 결국 체계적인 교육을 통하여 공정무역 및 윤리적 소비에 대한 교육을 실시하고, 학교 외에서는 언론 및 다양한 콘텐츠를 통해 대학생들이 공정무역에 대한 지식과 관심을 증진할 수 있는 사회적 노력이 수반되어야 한다. 그리고 공정무역 시장 활성화를 위해서는 상품으로 시장 가치 확보를 위한 품질의 개선 및 소비자의 가격수용도 증진 방안 모색이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2015

Milano Fair is the most authoritative event in the world and the most noticeable exhibition for expecting stream of furniture design and future. Companies and designers, who participate in this event, pioneer independent market through the creative and creative products based on their own identity. Their competitiveness in the market comes from the identity of the brands and it is possible when making continuous efforts to make competitiveness by differentiated designs and products. Upright design culture will be made when respecting the value of designers and designs, making the history and tradition and striving for new challenges and pioneerings.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.265-286
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• 2009

Dumping describes the practice of international price discrimination whereby a producer or exporter sells merchandise in an export market at less than fair value. The U.S. antidumping statutory framework is embodied in the Tariff Act of 1930. The Act states that "dumping" refers to the sale or likely sale of goods at less than fair value. 19 U.S.C. $\S$ 1677(34). The Commerce Department and the Commission are jointly responsible for administering the antidumping law. Commerce determines whether foreign merchandise is being sold in the United States at less than fair value, and the Commission determines whether a domestic industry producing a product like the imported merchandise has been materially injured or threatened with material injury by reason of imports of that product. Recently, in U.S. v. Eurodif, the Supreme Court held the question whether the Commerce can reasonably determin that foreign merchandise has been sold within the meaning of the antidumping law in U.S.. Should 19 U.S.C. Section 1673, which calls for "antidumping" duties on foreign goods, but not services, that sell at less than fair value in the U.S., apply to imported low enriched uranium? Yes. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice David H. Souter, the Supreme Court held that the Commerce Department's view of imported low enriched uranium, as the sale of goods rather than services, was permissible. It reasoned that, since 19 U.S.C. Section 1673 did not specify whether it applied to the production of low enriched uranium, it was left to the reasonable interpretation of the Commerce Department to determine. Accordingly, the Court found the Commerce Department interpreted the statute reasonably.